Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne- alux, izidalwa zemilingo ezinakekela amahlathi aseningizimu yesizwe sama-Aztec ngokwezinganekwane zamaMayan, vakashela lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo ukuze ufunde ngale nganekwane emangalisayo. Ungayeki ukuyifunda!
Athini ama-aluxes?
Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa esizweni sama-Aztec, ama-aluxes angabantu basenganekwaneni, ekubeni izakhamuzi zokuqala zeplanethi yethu, abaningi bathi badala kuneLanga uqobo. ezincane, zivame ukwenza imigilingwane enjengeye futhi izici zazo ziyefana nezomdabu.
Igama elithi aluxes livela kulwazi lwesiko lamaMayan futhi lisho i-genie yasehlathini noma emahlathini. Uzwa ngalezi zidalwa zezinganekwane emahlathini aseBelize, eGuatemala naseMexico, lezi zidalwa zezinganekwane zingabagadi bamahlathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe zala ma-elves zingabonakala emathempelini afana ne-Yaxchilán edolobheni laseChiapas nasethempelini elinyathelwe likaNohoch Mul elise-Cobá.
Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi izangoma noma izazi zamaMaya zenza izithombe zalezi zidalwa zasenganekwaneni, ama-aluxe, ngodaka ezazilukhipha emigedeni okwakungangeni muntu kuyo, futhi kwakudingeka zibe namaconsi ayisishiyagalolunye egazi lomnikazi.
Ukuzixuba nezithako ukuze kwenziwe umfelandawonye phakathi kwalesi sidalwa esingaphezu kwemvelo nomuntu owayezoba umnikazi waso futhi kwathatha amasonto ayisikhombisa ukwenza lokho ngoba umcimbi babewenza ngoLwesihlanu kuphela, lezi zithombe zinezinga eliphezulu amasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwamashumi amabili.
Kwathi uma sekuqediwe umdwebo wama-aluxe wanikezwa umnikazi wawo ukuze akwazi ukuwubeka e-altare, ngoba kukholakala ukuthi ngenxa yezindaba ezidlule isizukulwane ngesizukulwane ukuthi lezi zidalwa zezinganekwane zazivuka ebuthongweni bazo. ebusuku futhi wanakekela impahla yomnikazi kanye nemfuyo yakhe.
Ukulandisa mayelana nalezi zidalwa zezinganekwane
Kuthiwa la ma-aluxe emahlathini ayawavikela uma ehlaselwa abantu angabazi aqale ajikijele amatshe noma enze imisindo exakile ukuze abantu abangaziwa basuke endaweni yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungezwa uhleko lwabo olubi, ngisho nezithunzi zabo noma babheke izibalo okuthi lapho bezama ukugxila ofakazi bavame ukufiphala.
Lezi zenzo ezenziwa ama-aluxes zingenxa yokwethembeka abanazo kumnikazi wazo ngisho nalapho eseshonile, njengoba lezi zidalwa zezinganekwane zihlala ngaphansi kokuvikelwa uNkulunkulu wamaMaya Wommbila ogama lakhe linguYum - Kaax.
Njengoba izidalwa zasenganekwaneni, ama-aluxes adinga iminikelo nokunakwa ukuze azizwe ejabule, ngakho-ke uma abantu behlasela umhlaba wabo, kufanele babanikeze iminikelo ene-pozol noma ummbila, okuyizici ezibalulekile ekudleni kwesiko lamaMaya, njengoba kungabonakala. emlandweni walesi siko.
Hhayi-ke, uma iminikelo inganikelwa, ama-aluxe enza imigilingwane enjengokuphanga impahla yezivakashi, ukulimaza nezilwane noma ukulimaza izilimo zabantu abadle izindawo ababezivikela, okubenza baphume kulawo mazwe.
Isiko lamaMaya lakhonza ama-aluxes
Ukubaluleka kwayo enkolelweni yama-aluxes ibonwa yizithombe ezisagciniwe, njengomdlalo webhola odlalwa ama-dwarfs amabili aseduze namarula ngaphezu kokuhlanganyela emidansweni nasemisebenzini yokupela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babekholelwa emandleni okuhlakanipha kwabo mayelana nemisebenzi yokuphatha, izintela kanye nezinga lemikhiqizo eyayikhiqizwa emazweni alinywayo.
Babenobukhazikhazi obukhulu esikweni lamaMaya ukuthi ama-aluxes azoba yingxenye ye-trousseau yemishado futhi ngisho nezipho zezivakashi emikhosini ngenxa yamandla abo amakhulu angaqondakaliyo ukuze kamuva anakekele imindeni eyayijatshuliswa ngaleso sipho esifanelekayo.
Ngakho-ke kuvamile kakhulu namuhla emazweni aseMelika Ephakathi lapho abantu abaningi behla bevela ezakhamuzini zesiko lamaMaya ukuze babone ukuthakazelisa kwabo okukhulu kwalezi zidalwa zezinganekwane, ama-aluxes, ngaphezu kwenhlonipho abayinikeza ngokukhethekile ezindaweni zasemaphandleni.
Ngokuphathelene nabantu abahlala emaphandleni, baphawula ukuthi baye bezwa izimbongolo lapho besebenza umhlabathi noma baye babona imikhondo yabo emincane emigwaqweni abahamba ngayo lapho besebenza, ngoba lezi zidalwa zemilingo ziphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo. .
Ngenxa yalokhu, izivakashi eziningi ezivakashela lezi zindawo zezinganekwane ziphethe iminikelo yama-aluxes ngenkathi zivakashele izindawo ezinhle zemvelo, ngaphezu kokucela imvume kulaba bantu basezinganekwaneni ukuze bangene kulezi zindawo ezingcwele abazinakekelayo njengoba zingababheki bazo. .
Hhayi-ke, kuthiwa lezi zinganekwane zingacasuka zibangele ukungakhululeki kubantu abangajwayelekile endaweni efana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isifo sohudo kanye nomoya omubi ongelapheka kuphela uchwepheshe wezangoma kulezi zithixo.
Phezu kwalokhu lezi zingwazi ziziphatha ngokwempatho eziyitholayo ngoba zigada imvelo kunzima nokuzibona kodwa kuthiwa zijwayele ukudlala nezingane, ziphinde zithande ukudansa zivutha amalangabi, zikhonze nokudlala izinsimbi. elifana necilongo.
Ezinye zalezi zidalwa zezinganekwane zihambisana nenja yobumba eyenziwe ngento efanayo lapho ama-aluxes adalwe khona ukuze asebenze njengenkampani ezenzweni zabo ezimbi kanye nemigilingwane.
Kuzwakale izinkulumo eziningi ngalezi zinganekwane njengoba kwenzeka ngokwakhiwa kwebhuloho elibizwa ngokuthi iCancun - Nizuc, kwazise abasebenzi nonjiniyela bakhombise ukuthi ingxenye yezakhiwo abazenzile zacekelwa phansi ngesikhathi befika ngakusasa.
Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kwakwenzeka njalo, bacela ukubonisana nompristi wamaMaya owabatshela ukuthi kwakuwumkhaya wezingwazi ezazivikela imvelo ekudalweni komuntu ukuze ucele imvume futhi uzuze ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho.
Ukuze baqhubeke nokwakhiwa kwaleli bhuloho, kwadingeka bakhe indlu encane ngaphansi kwebhuloho ababelakhela ama-aluxes.Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1991 futhi namuhla kuyingxenye yezinganekwane zaseMexico mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho okungaphezu kwemvelo.
Izinkolelo zamanje mayelana nalezi zidalwa
Kula mazwe anjengeMexico, iBelize neGuatemala, abalimi abaningi benza uhlobo lwe-altare ezindaweni zabo besebenzisa indlu encane eyaziwa ngegama elithi Kahtal alux, okuyikhaya lama-aluxes, lapho lezi zidalwa zezinganekwane ziyohlala khona. isikhathi seminyaka eyisikhombisa ngenkathi benakekela izakhiwo zabalimi benza ummbila ukhule kahle.
Ama-aluxe abiza imvula ukuze enze izitshalo ezihlukene zikhule kahle futhi avikele umhlaba kubalingiswa abangajwayelekile futhi ethuse izilwane ezidla ezinye. Kodwa ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyisikhombisa, abanikazi bomhlaba kufanele bavale indlu ukuze izinsimbi zihlale ngaphakathi ukuze zingaziphathi kahle abantu abahlala kuleyo ndawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa futhi kukhona abalimi abavame ukubhubhisa izithombe zobumba zalezi zi-aluxes ezingatholakala eNhlonhlweni yaseYucatan ukugwema izimfuno zeminikelo okumelwe yenziwe kulezi zidalwa zezinganekwane.
E-Mexico, kune-Encyclopedic Dictionary of Traditional Mexican Medicine, eyanyatheliswa yi-National Indigenist Institute lapho ichazwa ngendlela engokombhalo ukuthi ama-aluxes asho ukuthini ngaphezu kwencazelo yezingubo zabo, okuba okulandelayo:
"...bayimikhovu ekhohlakele ezulazula emasimini nasezintabeni uma selishonile ilanga...bagqoka ama-espadrille, bafake izigqoko futhi babe nezici zengane yomdabu ephakathi kweminyaka emithathu nemine ubudala..."
Ngakho-ke kumele uhlonipheke uma uvakashela izindawo ezithile ezingcwele zendalo ukuze ungaluvusi ulaka lwalezi ziqhwaga ezingadala umonakalo kubantu ababudedengu ukuze basuke endaweni kwazise bangabaqaphi behlathi.
Kuthiwa lezi zidalwa zemilingo zingakwazi ngisho nokuntshontsha izingane ngaphezu kokuphatha ukwenza abantu balahlekelwe emahlathini, emigedeni noma emigwaqweni yalezi zifunda ezinhle, yingakho imfihlakalo yabo eyedlule isizukulwane ngesizukulwane hhayi ezindaweni zokulima kuphela kodwa emadolobheni amakhulu. kulawa mazwe akha i-Central America.
Uma ukuthole kuthakazelisa, lesi sihloko esithi "Yini i-aluxes ku-Mayan Culture" ngikumema ukuthi uvakashele izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: