La I-biography kaGuadalupe Victoria kubonisa ukuthi wazalelwa eTamazuela eNueva Vizcaya futhi wagqama ngokuba usopolitiki kanye nendoda yezempi yasemsuka wokuzimela eyayiyingxenye yebutho laseMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, wagqama ngokuba ngumongameli wokuqala waseMexico.
Biography of Guadalupe Victoria
La I-biography kaGuadalupe Victoria emfushane, iqokomisa ukuthi wazalelwa eMexico, ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseTamazuela, eNueva Vizcaya ngo-1786. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, wafela eSan Carlos de Perote, eVeracruz ngonyaka ka-1843.
Wagqama ngokuzinikela kwezombusazwe namasosha anezimpawu zokulwela inkululeko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-biography kaGuadalupe Victoria ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu baseMexico, njengoba wayengumongameli wokuqala wale Republic kusukela ngo-1824 kuya ku-1829.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngo-1810 wayeyingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-Grito de Dolores. Lokho kwaqalwa ngomphristi u-Hidalgo, konke lokhu ukuze kuqalwe ngokuvukela kwezikhundla ezithandwayo, kufunwa ukuzimela okuphelele kweMexico.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi unyaka ngemva kwalokhu kuvukela, umpristi u-Hidalgo wadutshulwa amaSpanishi, ngenxa yethonya lakhe elikhulu elidumile. Yini eyaholela uJosé María Morelos ukuba abe umholi oyinhloko emikhankasweni yokuzimela eyayizoholela enkululekweni yaseMexico.
inkululeko abathanda izwe
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngokomlando kaGuadalupe Victoria, wayeyingxenye yabashisekeli bezwe ababefuna ukusebenzela izwe labo ngenhloso yokuthola inkululeko. Lo mlingiswa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe, wayenokuqina okukhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ethembekile emibonweni yakhe. Wayengumvikeli ophelele wamalungelo abantu baseMexico. Mhlawumbe unentshisekelo ezintweni ezifana nalezi UJose Joaquin de Olmedo uyasebenza
Ngokufanayo, kuyaphawuleka ukuphawula ukuthi ngemva kokufa komholi wayo, uJosé María Morales, ngo-1815, wanquma ukuqhubeka nembangela, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi babecabanga ukuthi isilahlekile kakade.
Ukuzimela okuphelele kweMexico, kukwazi ukufika ngo-1821, ngenxa yokusekelwa okukhulu kuka-Agustín de Iturbide. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengomholi wezinhlangano ezizimele, uGuadalupe Victoria akazange avumelane nobukhosi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izinqubo zokugunyaza ezazifunwa ukusungulwa eMexico.
Ngakho-ke, ngokomlando kaGuadalupe Victoria, wabheka ukuthi ukwakheka koMbuso WaseMexico kwakungalungile ngokuphelele futhi kwakungalungile nakakhulu ukuvumela u-Agustín I waseMexico, owayenegunya kusukela ngo-1822 kuya ku-1823, esikhundleni salokho. lokuzithatha njengomongameli womthethosisekelo.
Ngemva kwalesi simo uGuadalupe, unquma ukuba yingxenye yokuhlubuka okwabulawa ngu-Antonio López de San Anna. Okuholela ekutheni abe yingxenye kahulumeni wesikhashana ngemuva kokunqotshwa kuka-Agustín. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, wayengumongameli wokuqala weMexico manje ekhululekile ngokuphelele.
Guadalupe Victoria
Ngokomlando kaGuadalupe Victoria, wazalwa enegama likaJosé Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernándz Félix. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi abazali bakhe bashona umfana esemncane kakhulu.
Ngemva kwalesi simo esinzima, kwakungumalume wakhe u-Agustín Fernández, owazenza umpristi, owayenakekela ukuqeda ukukhuliswa kwakhe.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi umlingisi wafunda eDurango Seminary, kanye nasesikoleni saseSan Ildefonso eMexico.
amabutho amahlongandlebe
Ngo-1812, wanquma ukujoyina amabutho anezici zokuvukela umbuso ezazibuswa uHermenegildo Galena. UJosé María Morelos wagqama kakhulu ngezenzo zakhe empilweni yomlingiswa, ngakho uJosé unquma ukushintsha igama lakhe libe nguGuadalupe Victoria.
Igama ligqugquzelwe isidingo sakhe sokufuna iMexico ikhululwe ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, wayezinikele kakhulu eNcasakazini yaseGuadalupe, ngakho wayihlonipha ngokuzibiza ngale ndlela.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi wagqama ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kwebutho lapho wakwazi ukuthatha Oaxaca futhi Veracruz. Ngemva kwalokho, unquma ukujoyina amasosha omunye umvukela waseSpain Crown, okuthiwa uNicolás Bravo.
Ngemuva kwalokhu ku-biography kaGuadalupe Victoria kuqokonyiswa ukuthi uyena obekumele anakekele iPuente del Rey. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kugqanyiswa ukuthi kungenxa yalokhu lapho izenzo zabo zezempi zaqala ukwakha ingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sokuzimela.
Ukwenyuka
Ngemva kwezenzo zakhe ezivelele, umlando wokuphila kukaGuadalupe Victoria ugqamisa ukukhuphuka kukaColonel womlingiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, wanikezwa ithuba lokuhola amasosha ngaseVeracruz.
IGuadalupe ivikele amachweba aseNautla naseBoquilla de Piedras ngobuchule obukhulu. Naphezu kwalezi zenzo, esikhathini esithile kamuva ama-royalists athola ukunqoba futhi.
Ngemva isimo Guadalupe Victoria, unquma ukwenza izakhi amasu impi. Ukufuna ukwenza ukuhlaselwa okuncane kodwa okubunayo ngokuphawulekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwazile ukusungula uhulumeni endaweni ayekwazile ukuyiphatha. Wayephethe izici ezihlobene nezintela ukuze kuqhutshekwe nempi.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, iGuadeloupe yafuna ukwenza amasu azoyivumela ukuthi yakhe ibutho lasolwandle. Okubuye kwamvumela ukuthi athole ukunqoba emadolobheni aseCórdoba, eJalapa nase-Orizaba.
Ngemva kokuncipha kwamandla ngemva kokufa kukaMorelos, uGuadalupe Victoria wafuna ukuqhubeka nembangela, ephelezelwa abalingiswa abanjengoVicente Guerrero. Banquma ukwenqaba ushwele owanikezwa nguViceroy Juan Ruiz de Apodaca.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi ngo-1819, iGuadalupe yanyamalala. Umlingisi uvela futhi kusukela ngo-1821, ngenhloso yokweseka Uhlelo lwe-Iguala, oluphethwe u-Agustín de Iturbide noVicente Guerrero.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi u-Agustín noGuadalupe babenomehluko othile ohlobene nezici zeriphabhulikhi. Konke lokhu, njengoba uGuadalupe Victoria ayengafuni ukuba umbuso wasebukhosini umiswe njengohlobo lukahulumeni eMexico.
Kusukela ekuzimeleni kuya kwesobumengameli
I-Iguala Plan ibe nemiphumela emihle kakhulu, ikwazi ukuphatha kahle kakhulu i-Triguarante Army. Lokhu kwabangela ukuba i-Iturbide ibe nethuba lokungena enhloko-dolobha yaseMexico, ngenhloso yokuqeda ikoloni laseSpain elase lisendaweni yaseMexico iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu.
Ngenxa yemizamo eyenziwe, ukuzimela kwezwe kuyenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kusungulwa uKhongolose Womthethosisekelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Iturbide yamenyezelwa njengombusi woMbuso WaseMexico.
Lokhu kwaholela ekwakhiweni okufana nobukhosi befa. Isimo esiletha izingxabano ezithile kokubili kuma-Bourbons, akweleta ukwethembeka kumqhele wase-Spain namaRiphabhulikhi.
Ukubusa kuka-Agustín I waseMexico, kwathatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, cishe ngokushesha kwadingeka abhekane nokuvukela okwakhuthazwa yiRiphabhulikhi u-Antonio López de Santa Anna, ngoDisemba 1822.
Le nhlangano yasekelwa amasosha amaningi, okwagqama phakathi kwawo uGuadalupe Victoria. Ngemva kwemizamo yamaRiphabhulikhi, ngo-1923, u-Iturbide wanquma ukuya ekudingisweni. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi uGuadalupe Victoria, uCelestino Negrete noNicolás Bravos, ngemuva kokuba isimo sibe yingxenye ye-Supreme Executive Power, eyenzelwe uhulumeni wesikhashana.
Uhulumeni waseGuadeloupe Victoria
Kwakusekuqaleni kuka-1824, ngokusho komlando kaGuadalupe Victoria, lapho umthetho weConstitutive Act weFederation wagunyazwa khona. Okwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza uMthethosisekelo waseMexico.
Ngemva kwazo zonke lezi zinqubo, kwakungo-October waleyo minyaka lapho uGuadalupe Victoria akhethwa khona njengomongameli wokuqala weRiphabhulikhi yaseMexico. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi phakathi kwezinqubo zokuqala ezenziwa ukuqashelwa kokuzimela okuphelele eMexico.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayephethe ubudlelwano bokusebenzelana nemibuso evelele kakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka eNgilandi. Bamlobola ngenhloso yokuthi angabhubhi. Ngendlela efanayo, waphatha ubudlelwano obuhle ne-United States, Venezuela kanye neColombia, eyayiqala inqubo yayo yokuba yiGran Colombia kaSimón Bolívar.
Ngesikhathi ebusa, wayefuna ukuqeda ubugqila. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wanika iziboshwa ushwele. Wayenenhloso yokuhlonipha nokwazisa inkululeko okufanele iphathwe ngabezindaba.
E-San Juan de Ulúa ngo-1825 wakwazi ukuqeda izinsalela zamandla aseSpain. Ngemva kwalokho, unquma ukuxosha abaseSpain ababesesendaweni yaseMexico. Nokho, lesi sinyathelo asizange sibe sihle kangako ngoba kanye namavukela-mbuso, abathengisi nabantu abacebile ababelethela izwe intuthuko bahamba.
Konke lokhu kwaholela kwabanye ekuqaleni komzabalazo wamandla oqhubekayo owazibonakalisa ngezindawo zokulala zeMasonic ezifana neYork Lodge, eyayinezici ezisekelwe kuhulumeni wenkululeko. Isungulwe ngabakwaScottish centralists kanye nama-Conservatives ngesikhathi esifanayo.
isikhundla sokubuyisana
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uGuadalupe Victorio wayenemibono eseduze neYorkinos, wanquma ukuthatha isikhundla sokubuyisana ngokuphelele. Njengoba ecabange ukuthi njengomengameli kumele abeke eceleni ukungezwani.
Nokho, naphezu kwezenzo zakhe, azizange zibe nemiphumela emihle ngempela. Ngo-1827 kwadingeka abhekane nokuhlubuka okwenziwa isekela lakhe likamongameli uNicolás Bravo, othathwa njengomunye wabaholi abaqavile be-Scottish Freemasonry.
U-Guadalupe ukwazile ukuqeda le nhlangano ehlanganiswe uGuerrero no-Santa Anna, okubangele ukuthi uNicolás Bravo adingiswe. Ngemva kwalokhu, i-York lodge yathola amandla engeziwe. Kodwa ezikhathini zokugcina zegunya lakhe kwaphinde kwaba nomnyakazo ophikisana naye. Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo yokwazi okumangalisayo Biography of Jorge Isaac
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi owalandela uGuadalupe Victoria kwakunguManuel Gómez Pedraza, nokho akakwazanga ukufunga esikhundleni, njengoba kwakukhona umbango wangaphakathi. Konke lokhu kwenza uVicente Guerrero aqokwe njengomongameli ngo-1829.
Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uGuadalupe Victoria washiya ukuphila komphakathi eceleni iminyaka eminingi wayohlala eJobo, i-hacienda yakhe eVeracruz. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wayeseyilungu lephalamende laseDurango kanye neVeracruz. Ubuye waba yingxenye yezihlubuki ezithile ezenziwa eVeracruz nase-Oaxaca.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwanqunywa ukuba kwenziwe uphenyo. Ngendlela efanayo, waba umkhuzi-in-chief of Veracruz ngo-1838, njengoba kwakukhona izakhi ezithile ezazivuna impi neFrance.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi ngo-1841 washada noMaría Antonia Bretón y Velázquez futhi washona eminyakeni emibili kamuva ngemva kokuba nesifo sokuwa.