Kule ndatshana Ulimi lwesi-Andalusian Umfundi uzokwazi ukuthi yini ehlobene nenkulumo yesi-Andalusia, kanye nezici zayo nendlela yokwenza, okwenza kube nokwenzeka kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene ulimi lweSpanishi oluthathe e-Andalusia zihamba phambili.
Luyini ulimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusian?
Ulimi lwesi-Andalusi luyisitayela sohlelo lolimi lweSpanishi olusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi e-Andalusia, eCeuta naseMelilla, nakwezinye izifunda zesifundazwe saseBadajoz, nabantu abavela e-Andalusia, bese bethuthela kwamanye amadolobha noma izindawo zesifundazwe. iplanethi.
Ngokufanayo, le ndlela yokukhuluma isetshenziswa eGibraltar, iyinhlonhlo encane esemaphethelweni aseningizimu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, esemngceleni neSpain.
Ulimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi izinhlobonhlobo zezilimi zeSpanishi. Ekusetshenzisweni kwalolu limi lwesigodi, izigigaba ezithile zivezwa kuzo zonke izici zohlelo, okungukuthi: i- phonological, i-morphological, i-lexical kanye ne-syntactic, okukhethekile kulezi zinhlobonhlobo.
Ulimi lwesi-Andalusian lungaphakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezizungeze uhlelo lolimi lwesiCastilian. Ekusetshenzisweni kwalolu limi, kwakhiwa ezinye izenzakalo zohlelo ezenza ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusi luhluke, okuhlanganisa: i-phonological, morphological, lexical kanye ne-syntactic, okwenza lokhu kwehluka kuhluke.
Izenzakalo ze-Andalusian dialect
Izenzakalo ezivelele kakhulu ezingatholakala kule ndlela yase-Andalusian yilezi:
- i-lip
- i-lip
- Ukususwa kwama-“s” amaphakathi nawokugcina
- Ukuqedwa kuka-“d” ekugcineni “ado” – “ido”
- I-Yeismo
- I-Andalusia ye-"e"
Sizokwazisa kulesi sihloko, ngendlela efingqiwe, lapho izenzakalo zisekelwe khona:
i-lip
Kumayelana nokuchaza uhlamvu “c” njengokungathi uhlamvu “s”. Isibonelo: “sine” esikhundleni sesinema; elithi “sapato” elisho isicathulo, elithi “cerveza” elisho ubhiya, kanye namagama amaningi alandelwa yizinhlamvu ezishiwo ngenhla.
i-lip
Kuyinto ephambene, ehumusha, ukuthi lapho kuchazwa uhlamvu "s" njengohlamvu "c", isibonelo: "cevilla" ye-Seville, "ceñor" ye-senor, njalonjalo, ivela ngalawa ma-consonants amabili.
Umhayi kanye ne-lip
Zivela ngekhulu leshumi nane edolobheni laseSeville, futhi zasakazeka kulo lonke elase-Andalusia, i-seseo iwuhlobo lolimi olumelela izigaba zezenhlalo ezidumile, kuyilapho i-ceceo imelela izigaba eziphansi.
Njengamanje i-seseo ikhona ezindaweni ezithile eSeville, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yesifundazwe saseCórdoba, kanye nasemadolobheni aseMálaga naseJaén, atholakala emngceleni wesifundazwe saseCórdoba.
Ngenkathi i-ceceo ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yendawo, kusukela esifundazweni saseHuelva, eCádiz, kanye nengxenye enkulu yesifundazwe saseMálaga naseSeville, kanye nengxenye enkulu yesifundazwe saseGranada, engxenyeni esempumalanga yesifundazwe sakamuva. , incwadi "c" yehluka kuhlamvu "s", oluhlukaniswa kuyo yonke i-Andalusia.
Ezindaweni lapho i-seseo ikhiqizwa khona, ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe ze-ceceantes, zibizwa ngokuthi iziqhingi. Ngokuvamile, kuthiwa ama-Andalusi awakhulumi izinhlamvu "eses", iqiniso liwukuthi bawakhipha ezimweni ezimaphakathi zegama, futhi abawaphimisi ekugcineni.
Abakwenzi ngokuzenzisa, kodwa ngenxa yokuthuthuka kweCastilian kulezi zindawo, okuvumele leli qiniso ukuthi lenzeke. Into eyodwa ecacile ukuthi ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusi alubizi izinhlamvu ezimaphakathi “eses” noma ezokugcina. Nokho, i-Andalusian iqondwa kahle lokho ayishoyo.
Esinye isenzakalo esibonakala ngolimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi yindaba yokushiya uhlamvu "d" lapho lutholakala phakathi konkamisa naseziphethweni zezwi elithi "ado", "ido", elingenzeki kuphela ngesi-Andalusian, liyabonakala futhi amanye amazwi.
Ngokufanayo, i-Yeísmo ayigcini nje ngolimi lwesi-Andalusian futhi, ilele ngesikhathi sokuphimisa phakathi kohlamvu “ll” nokuphinyiswa kohlamvu “y”. Ngokuphathelene nalesi sici, kungashiwo ukuthi cishe yonke iNhlonhlo iyi-yeista, ngaphandle kwezindawo lapho lesi sitayela somsindo singekho khona.
Ekugcineni, sizokhuluma ngento eyenzekayo ezindaweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi insimu yase-Andalusi, okuyinto ethile, imayelana:
I-Andalusia yencwadi ethi "e"
Laziwa kakhulu ngaleli gama kwezinye izingxenye ze-Andalusia, ikakhulukazi kwamanye amadolobha aseSeville, eduze nasentshonalanga yesifundazwe saseCórdoba, kanye namadolobhana asogwini lwaseGranada njengeMotril, lapho kwenzeka khona lokhu okulandelayo: ubuningi besifazane, ophela ngo “njengoba”, agcina ngo “es”.
Lesi sigameko senzeka ohlotsheni lomlando, okuyisikhathi se-Reconquest. Lezi zindawo zazihlala iNkosi u-Alfonso VI, enabantu abavela embusweni wase-Asturian naseLeonese, futhi njengoba kwaziwa abaningi, izinhlobonhlobo zezinkulumo zamabhubesi avela enkabeni ye-Asturian, ziveza ubuningi bazo besifazane ngokuthi "es". Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuhlalwa yilezi zakhamuzi, zaletha lo mkhuba owawugxile kuleyo ndawo.
Ngakho-ke, kuwukuthi emadolobheni amaningi anjengePuente Genil de Córdoba, noma i-Estepa de Sevilla, kanye nasogwini lwaseGranada, amagama anjengathi “vaques” azwakala ezinkomeni, “ama-pesetes” ahunyushwe ngokuthi ama- peseta, lawa magama awashintshwanga. ekubizeni igama lesi-Andalusi, okusho ukuthi uhlamvu “s” olusekupheleni kwegama, alufakwa.
Umlando, inhlalo kanye namasiko
Mayelana nodaba lokwazi i-genesis yolimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi, kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi kunemibhalo efundisiwe ekhombisa ukuhlala unomphela kwe-Andalusia edumile, lapho kwakukhona indlela ekhethekile yokuveza isiCastilian, ikakhulukazi ezingeni le-lexical ne-phonological.
Ngalo mqondo, zingabonakala kubabhali uJuan de Valdés encwadini yakhe ethi Dialogue of the written language ngonyaka ka-1535, lapho egxeka khona u-Antonio de Lebrija. Ngokufanayo, ingabonwa encwadini kaDon Quixote, isahluko II, kaMiguel de Cervantes. Ingatholakala futhi emsebenzini othi El Buscón kaFrancisco de Quevedo. Ngokufanayo, umlobi uProsper Mérimée ukwenza kucace encwadini yakhe yezincwadi uCarmen. Ukuze ufunde ukwaziswa okwengeziwe okuthakazelisayo, sincoma ukuthi uvakashele iqala kanjani indaba
Ukwazisa Kolimi Nokuqukethwe
Kungatholakala ukuthi kusukela esicini solimi futhi ngokusho kwefonetiki, i-lexical kanye ne-morphological accents ebahlukanisa kwenye ingxenye yokuphinyiselwa kwe-peninsular, indlela yokubiza e-Andalusia, kubonisa izitayela ezivamile ezifana ne-yeismo kanye nesifiso sohlamvu. "s", ezibuye zibonwe eningizimu yeCastilla, La Mancha, Madrid, Murcia kanye ne-Extremadura.
Izilimi zesigodi zesiCastilian eSpain nakwezinye izilimi ze-peninsular
Uma kubhekiselwa kusici sokulandelana kwezikhathi, isi-Andalusian sibonisa izici ezibonakala ngokucacile ngokolimi lwesigodi solimi lwesigodi lwesi-Spanish. Ngokunikezwa lokhu, zingachazwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:
Okokuqala: Isi-Andalusian sigcinwe njengolimi lwesigodi olusuka ku-Castilian yomlando, oluthathwa njengohlu lwezilimi oluqine kakhulu ekwakhiweni kolimi lwesi-Spanish.
Okwesibili: Ulimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi lucatshangwa njengohlu lwezilimi oluzalwa ngolimi lweSpanishi ngokwalo, olwaziwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwezilimi olunezinkambiso nokukhulekela, olusekelwe kusiCastilian sasendulo. Umqondo onjalo wamukelwa ngokobuhlakani phakathi nomlando, ngokusebenzisa izifinyezo zezici ezithathwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezilimi zeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, ukubamba iqhaza kwemvelo evamile kwezinye izilimi zeSpanishi, kanye nokungenelela kwezilimi zakwamanye amazwe ezahlukene.
Esicini esifanayo, ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusi luhlukaniswa ngendlela ephawulekayo olimini lwesi-Spanish olufundile noma oluvamile. Kusukela kule ndlela, kukhona umehluko phakathi kwe-Andalusian nezinye izilimi zesigodi zaseCastilian ezishiwo eSpain, ezinokufana okuthile, nakuba kuncike ezimweni lapho kwenzeka khona.
Umthelela we-Andalusian eCanary Islands naseMelika
Isixhumanisi phakathi kolimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi nezinye izilimi zesigodi zeSpanishi, ngaphandle kweNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, ngokuvamile sinamandla kunalezo ezinomehluko wezilimi zengxenye esenyakatho yeSpain.
Kubonakala ngezilimi zesigodi: iCanarian, Chilean, Peruvian, River Plate kanye neCaribbean Spanish, kanye nakwezinye, ezinokufana nesi-Andalusian, izici ezithile eziyisici njengokuthi: yeísmo kanye nokulangazelela kohlamvu "s " ukuphela kukankamisa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zangaphakathi ze-Andalusian
Ulimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi luyindlela yokukhuluma engakaze ikujabulele ukuhlanganiswa noma ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, izici zayo ezithile ziboniswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kuyo yonke indawo yase-Andalusia, okuyinto, emele umsebenzi onzima wokuwusingatha.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwangaphakathi kubangela abaningi ukuba baphikisane negama elithi "ulimi lwesi-Andalusi", futhi bakhethe ukuphatha iqiniso lolimi lendawo, besebenzisa inkulumo ethi "inkulumo yesi-Andalusi".
ukucabanga komphakathi
Lesi sici sibhekisela "enkulumweni embi" yama-Andalusians kanye ne-diglossia, okusho ukuthi: isimo sokuphilisana kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezilimi phakathi kwesibalo sabantu noma indawo efanayo, ebonakala ikakhulukazi ngolimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusi.
Kodwa, ngenxa yezizathu zomlando, ezenhlalakahle nezombangazwe, yizona eziye zavumela abantu baseSpain abaningi ukuba babe nenkolelo, ikakhulukazi kwabanye base-Andalusi, ukuthi i-Andalusian akuyona indlela eqondile yokuziveza, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho kungukungapheleli okuvamile nokujwayelekile. yolimi lwesiSpanishi.
Kulokho okuphindaphindayo, ukuthi ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusian lusetshenziswa ezinkulumweni ezihlekisayo zabanye abalingiswa, okunikeza imiphumela ehlekisayo yokuhumusha. Ngakho-ke, lokhu sekudale ukuthi kube nombono ongemuhle odumile wolimi lwesi-Andalusian, owenziwe abantu abaningi abanezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilimi zaseSpain.
Kusukela kulokho okungashiwo, kunezinguqulo eziphikayo, ezenqabayo noma ezimane zihlukanise i-Andalusian kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX, umqondo omubi we-Andalusian ubulokhu ugcinwe ezitatimendeni ezimbili eziyiphutha:
Okokuqala: ukukhomba ukuthi i-Andalusian "i-vulgar deformation" yeSpanishi "elungile", okuwumbono ongaphandle kolimi.
Okwesibili: bathi i-Andalusian iyisimo sokungazi nokuhlehliswa kwamasiko ama-Andalusi, okuvimbela izenzakalo ezimbili eziyisisekelo. I-archaism yezici zolimi lwesi-Andalusi, ngaphambi kwenhlekelele yezenhlalo nezomnotho eyenzeka e-Andalusia, nokuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yase-Andalusi yokuziveza ayibonakali nje ngezici zayo zefonetiki, kodwa futhi nesilulumagama esikhulu saso, futhi. ngezici ze-morphosyntactic kanye ne-semantic uqobo.
Le mibono ivame ukuhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi izikhulumi eziningi ezivela e-boreales ehlukahlukene zigcina ukuxhumana nolimi lwesi-Andalusi, ngokuthintana ngokuqondile nabafuduki nabasebenzi ababejabulela idumela elincane lezenhlalakahle, abayiswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni enyakatho.
Isigaba esiphansi nedumela lenhlalo elabelwa laba bantu kanye nokuhlukaniswa ababehlukaniswa njengokunabela ezinhlobonhlobo zezilimi ezishiwo yibona. Ukwehliswa kwesithunzi nokwenqatshwa abakuthola ngenxa yezitatimende nezingxoxo zezepolitiki ezahlukahlukene.
Ngokuqondene nalo mbono ohloliwe we-Andalusian, emphakathini wezikhulumi zeSpanishi zezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kunezelwa ukuba khona kweqembu elaziwayo lama-Andalusi, okuthi phakathi nomlando wabo bakhiphe i-Andalusian. Lokhu bekuhloselwe ukulungisa ngokukhululekile ukuhlukahluka kwezikole okudumile okusekelwe olimini olubhalwayo.
Kuyindaba engadalulwa, ngokwemfundo, ukuvelela komphakathi kanye nesiko lezemfundo, ulimi lweSpanishi olufundile lugcinwe ndawonye e-Andalusia, kuyilapho ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusi luchazwa njengoludumile futhi alunalwazi.
Lesi sici singahunyushwa, eqinisweni lokuthi sihlangana nokufunda esikoleni, idumela emphakathini, ngaphezu kokuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo, okuye kwaxhunyaniswa ngaso sonke isikhathi phakathi kolimi lwesi-Andalusi kanye nesilulumagama sase-Spanish esifundile, nakuba indlela yokukhuluma yesi-Andalusi, izikhathi ziye zachazwa njengezendabuko nezingafundile.
Kungavezwa ukuthi ngokwesaga e-Andalusia, kuye kwakhiqizwa i-diglossia eqinile, ehumusha ukuphazamiseka kokuphinyiselwa kwemisindo, yingakho ihlale ivalela ama-Andalusian ekhoneni ngendlela yokuxhumana, nasekusesheni kwezilimi kwemvelo nokujwayelekile. Sikumema ngenjabulo ukuba uhlanganyele lokhu kufunda okulandelayo Ukuhlaziywa kwe-morphological
Izindlela ezingezinhle mayelana nolimi lwesi-Andalusian
Njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, kunenkinga enkulu yokungabi bikho kwenkulumo phakathi kwama-Andalusian, angazange akujabulele ukuba nephethini yesigaba solimi olimini lwawo.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, kuye kwenzeka izinguquko ezithambile zokukhulula izakhiwo nokukhathazeka okuye kwaba yinto, nokho, ukwazisa okunganele kolimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi kusagcinwa, ngabanye base-Andalusi, kanye nenani elikhulu labantu baseSpain abangaveli. kulesi sifunda sase-Andalusia.
Lokhu kwazisa okungajabulisi kwembulwa isixhumanisi esikhona emaqenjini ahlukahlukene, siphawula ukuthi ubuhlobo buvela ekubuseni okungokomfanekiso kweqembu elilodwa phezu kwelinye, njengoba kusungulwe uPierre Bourdieu, isazi sesayensi yezenhlalo yangaleso sikhathi, isazi emikhakheni ehlukene yesayensi yezenhlalo .
Kuyisixhumanisi, esisuka eqinisweni lokuthi umcwaningi wezilimi, uprofesa wase-Andalusi ogama lakhe lingu-Ígor Rodríguez Iglesias, ukubiza ngokuthi "i-hybris of the metalinguistic zero point", odalula indlela iqembu elethula ngayo uhlelo lwalo lolimi, ezenhlalo namasiko. izethulo. , lapho amanani ehlelwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuziphatha kwamanye amaqembu.
Iphoyinti elinguziro lensimbi lisekelwe olwazini oludalulwe isazi sefilosofi esazalelwa e-Colombia u-Santiago Castro Gómez, othi lihlobene nokuhlukaniswa kwezikhala Zobukhona. I-Spaces of Non-Being ngu-Frantz Fanon, umguquli, udokotela wengqondo, isazi sefilosofi kanye umbhali Caribbean odabuka Martinique.
Ngokufanayo, ukusetshenziswa okuncane kolimi lwesi-Andalusi kungabonakala emithonjeni yezindaba ehlukene, okubaluleke kakhulu. Kusobala ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene ze-Andalusian Radio and Television ukuthi ochwepheshe bezokuxhumana balandisa izinhlelo zabo ngaphansi kokwehlukahlukana kohlelo, mayelana nokuba khona kokuphinyiselwa kwesikhungo nasenyakatho yeSpain.
Uma kunjalo, umSpain onendlela yokuphimisa yase-Andalusian, ekhawulelwe ekufuneni uhlamvu elithi "s", i-seseo kanye nezinye izenzakalo zefonetiki ezamukelwayo.
Encwadini yesitayela yeCanal Sur TV, ifanelekela izici eziningi zolimi lwesi-Andalusi njengezimbi, isiqinisekiso seqhaza elinikezwe ulimi lwesigodi lwesi-Andalusi, ngemithombo yezindaba kahulumeni uqobo.
Ukucatshangelwa kwezomthetho kanye nesikhungo
Uma sikhuluma ngezomthetho nezikhungo, ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusi luthathwa ngokuthi "i-Andalusian Linguistic Modality", ngokweziqondiso zeSitatimende Sokuzimela sase-Andalusia sonyaka wezi-2007, kanye noMnyango Wezemfundo Nesayensi we-Junta. yase-Andalusia, nokho, ayinaso isikhungo sezilimi esisemthethweni noma isikole esibamele kusukela ku-Junta de Andalucía ekhona.
Kodwa, njengoba kunjalo, lesi sici asizange sisebenze ezindlini ezahlukene zezifundo, singalungisi noma singalungisi abafundi uma besebenzisa lolu limi lwesigodi.
Ukumelwa kolimi: ifonetiki nephonological
Kulesi siqeshana sizokutshela ngengxenye yefonetiki nephonological ye-Andalusian Spanish, ekhonjwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamathoni nemisindo enezichazamazwi zayo, imisindo ehlukene enamaphimbo ahluke kancane ezilimini ze-boreal zezwe lase-Iberia. . .
Ngakho-ke, ukungalingani, ikakhulukazi esicini sefonetiki, bese kuba iphonological, morphological noma syntax, kuze kuzomela lezi zimfanelo zefonetiki zoqobo ezihlukanisa kakhulu, kanye nesimo sengqondo esijwayelekile se-Andalusian Spanish.
Ngokunjalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani elithile lamagama ase-Andalusi lisekhona, izikhathi eziningi ababelana ngalo nezilimi zaseMelika.
Imbalwa imininingwane yefonetiki eyenzeka e-Andalusia isuka endaweni, iningi lazo likhawulelwe ezindaweni ezithile, njengokusabalaliswa kwayo kwe-geolatal noma i-dialectal complex, okusho iqoqo lezinhlobo zezilimi ezikhulunywa ezindaweni eziseduze.
Kanye ne-sociolectal ehlukile, okusho ulimi lwesigodi lwezenhlalo noma lwezenhlalo oluchaza izinhlobonhlobo zezilimi ezisetshenziswa isigaba senhlalo, futhi okwenzeka kwezinye izilimi zomdabu, okusho okujwayelekile kwendawo noma izwe lokuzalwa komuntu, womdabu, ikakhulukazi kube ulimi lwaseSpain, olungaphenywanga njengoba kwenzeka e-Andalusia.
Esicini esibhekisela ohlelweni lwemisindo, zonke izinhlobo ezikhona e-Andalusia, zinenani lamafonimu ongwaqa abayi-17, okungukuthi: “BD f G hklmn ɲ p ɾ rstj”. Kwezinye izindawo, ezinye zisasebenza, njengelithi "h", elivela kwelesiLatini elithi "f".
Izici zefonethiki ezijwayelekile
Ulimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi lubonakala ngokuphinyiselwa okuhluke kakhulu kweSpanishi, okuziveza ngeqoqo elikhulu lamagama omdabu, elengeza esiSpanishi kwakha ukunotha okulandelanayo kusilulumagama saso.
Phakathi kwezici ezivamile eziningi ezibalulekile yilezi:
- Onkamisa: banonkamisa abaningi.
- Seseo: Ukuphimisela kwakhe izinhlamvu "cz", isibonelo: ithi grasia, esikhundleni somusa.
- U-Ceceo: Ukuphimisela kwakho uhlamvu “s” njengokuthi “cz”, isibonelo: zolo, esikhundleni sokuthi uyedwa. Ngaphambi komphakathi akwamukeleki, ngoba akutholakali kubantu abafundile.
- I-Yeísmo: Ukuphimisela kwayo kokuthi “ll” njengokuthi “futhi”, isibonelo: yeno ngokugcwele.
- Izifiso zongwaqa: uhlamvu "h" olusuka ku-"f" ekuqaleni, isibonelo: i-jumo yentuthu.
- Ukuphinyiselwa okulindelwe kwencwadi ethi "j", isibonelo: coha, esikhundleni sokuthi isinyonga.
- Uhlamvu oluthi "s" oluzwakalayo, ekugcineni kwegama elingase lube nesifiso, isibonelo: puroh, esikhundleni se-pursos, noma susa: isibonelo: igundane, esikhundleni samagundane. Ngaphakathi kwe-syllable ungafisa, isibonelo: i-mohca esikhundleni se-fly, noma ngokuphindaphinda, isibonelo; fair esikhundleni fair.
- Ukungathathi hlangothi kwezinhlamvu ze-implosive "lr", isibonelo: i-harpist, esikhundleni sotshani be-canary; bebel esikhundleni sokuphuza, futhi egameni elithi arcarde, esikhundleni sokubiza imeya.
- Ukulahleka kwezinhlamvu ze-intervocalic “d, g, r”, isibonelo: quemaúra, auja, esikhundleni sokusho inaliti, kanye nokuphimisa uphizi esikhundleni sepheya.
- Ukulahleka kwezinhlamvu “l, r, n ekugcineni”, isibonelo: i-caná esikhundleni se-canal; Ngathengisa esikhundleni sokuthengisa; nsundu esikhundleni sokuba nsundu.
- Ukushintsha kwefonetiki yohlamvu "ch", olungazwakala njengezinhlamvu "sh" isibonelo mushasho esikhundleni somfana.
- Faka esikhundleni sakho esikhundleni sakho, isibonelo: uyafunda noma uyafunda
- Ukumiswa phakathi kwemisindo yokuqala noma ye-intervocalic yezinhlamvu "s" kanye no-"z", okuthi, kuye ngendawo, iphele ngolimi noma ukuhayiza. I-ceceo ingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zaseMedithera e-Andalusia, empeleni esifundazweni saseCádiz, naseningizimu yeSeville, eHuelva, eGranada nase-Almería.
- Ukuguqulwa kohlamvu "s" ekugcineni kwe-syllable ngesifiso esifushane, esingashintsha ngokuvamile ungwaqa, ake sibone isibonelo: ngesiCastilian sithi "los barco", kuyilapho i-Andalusian ibiza ngokuthi "» loh varcoh », kuqashelwa ukuthi uhlamvu “b” luye lwashintshwa ku-labiodental ngesenzo sokulangazelela.
- Ukwenqatshwa kohlamvu lwe-intervocalic "d", olubonwa ikakhulukazi ezenzweni, isibonelo ngamagama: «cantao», «drink» noma «partío»
- Ukwenqatshwa kongwaqa abaningi ekugcineni, isibonelo, kubonwa ngamagama athi: “woza”, esikhundleni sokuphimisa idla, “comierciá” ngokwezentengiselwano, noma kuyindaba ethi “comuniá, esikhundleni sokusho umphakathi.
- Ukweqiwa kwelithi “de” njengophawu lokuba nezinto, isibonelo ukuphimisela: “casa María”, esikhundleni sokuthi casa de María.
- Xhumanisa emagameni afanele, isibonelo: La Marta, El Pedro, phakathi kwabanye abaningi.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-laísmo, leísmo, loísmo cishe kuyo yonke indawo yase-Andalusi, ngaphandle kwasemadolobheni amakhulu, ebonisa isimo sengqondo esiqinile ngendlela yaseCastilian, esungula i-leísmo yomuntu, isibonelo: "Ngambingelela", esikhundleni sokuphimisela. ngabingelela.
- Embhalweni wabo wamagama, kunethonya leLeonese, isiPutukezi, isi-Aragonese, uMurcian, isiValencian kanye nesiCatalan.
- Ukuba khona kwenani elihle lamagama, asetshenziswa kuphela e-Andalusia, njengokuthi: arkausí, arresío, ehmoresío, arkatufa, arkansía, hamá, avela kakhulu kwisi-Andalusian Arabic.
- Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwamagama athi: “wena” esikhundleni salokho “wena”, ngaphandle kokuguqula indlela yokukhuluma, isibonelo uma bethi: Uya etiyetha?, lokhu kubonwa kuphela endaweni esentshonalanga. Olimini oluyinhloko lobuningi, kubhekwa ukuguqulwa okukhethekile, njengokuthi: "uvale umlomo", kuyilapho isiCastilian sizwakalisa: "uvale umlomo"
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imfundo kanye nezilaleli eziningi zemidiya yezindaba ezisebenzisa iSpanishi esivamile, kuzici eziningi ezishiwo ngenhla, ngokuvamile zigcina ukusatshalaliswa kwe-diglossia, phakathi kwazo ezinye zingasetshenziswa ekukhulumeni okusemthethweni. , yethula ngokulandela umkhondo wokuqhubeka okujwayelekile kwemodeli yaseCastilian. Sincoma ukuthi ufunde izincwadi ze-gaucho
I-Andalusian linguistic modality
Indlela yolimi lwesi-Andalusian iyindlela yokuziveza ehluke kakhulu kwezinye izindlela zezifundazwe ezahlukahlukene, ngenxa yezimpawu ezibalulekile:
Ukulinganisa uhlamvu "l" kanye "r" implosives
Ezindaweni eziningana e-Andalusia, kuvamile ukushintsha uhlamvu "l" ngohlamvu "r", ikakhulukazi uma litholakala ngaphakathi kwegama. Kodwa, le nqubo akuyona into evamile esetshenziswa kuyo yonke indawo yase-Andalusia, konke kuzoncika ekilasini namasiko omphakathi, kungaqedwa.
Ukungabikho komehluko phakathi kwezinhlamvu "s" kanye "o" engxenyeni yokuqala noma ye-intervocalic.
Kuyimodi engaxazululwa ngokusebenzisa i-ceceo, i-seseo ne-heheo. Iziphakamiso ezithile ezinwetshiwe ze-Andalusian, njengesiphakamiso se-EPA sokubhala kwe-Andalusian esakhiwe ngo-2017, sibhekisela ku-grapheme "c" ukukhombisa ukwenzeka kokungathathi hlangothi okukhiqizwa phakathi kwamafonimu amabili.
Ukulinganisa uhlamvu "ll" kanye nohlamvu "y", kubizwa ngokuthi yeísmo noma ukuphinyiselwa kohlamvu elle njengokungathi nguwe.
Ake sibone isibonelo ngale ndlela: Ubani ongenayo i-bîtto Çebiya no a bîtto marabiya, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi: ongabonanga i-Seville akazange abone isimangaliso.
Ukulahleka kohlamvu “s” kongwaqa
Kulokhu, umsindo wohlamvu “s” awufakwa uma usuphakathi kongwaqa. Akukho okushiyiwe ngokuphelele: ngesi-Andalusian, kukhona ukuphindaphinda komsindo wongwaqa ukuze kuzuze ukulangazelela, okuvame ukuthatha indawo yayo yokuphimisela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubambe ukulangazelela okuthambile ngaphambi kongwaqa.
I-Andalusia ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu
Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Occidental yakhiwe izifundazwe ezintathu ezidlulele, lapho ungwaqa onomsindo omkhulu uthatha izintambo, futhi ikwenza ngokulangazelela; kuyilapho eyasempumalanga yakhiwa isuka e-Córdoba iye e-Almería futhi ikhiqiza ongwaqa abanganaki bababhangqwana abahlanganiswe i-aspiration kanye ne-sonorous consonant; i-Central, ihlanganisa i-Costa del Sol kanye nohla lwezintaba zayo ezinqamula kancane endaweni esempumalanga nesentshonalanga, futhi iphinde ingenele ezicini zakho zombili.
Ukulahlekelwa yisikhathi kohlamvu “o”
Kunezimo ezimbili ezinokufana kokulahleka okunembile kohlamvu “o”
Ukulahlekelwa uhlamvu “e” ngezikhathi ezithile
Kulokhu, kungase kubonakale ukuthi isiqephu esisodwa sombhalo wesilisa esibhekisela ku-"the" singashiywa ngaphandle kohlamvu "e", lapho amagama andulelayo aqala ngonkamisa.
Ukuphinyiselwa kohlamvu elithi “s” predorsal noma i-coronal flat
Olimini lwesigodi sase-Andalusian, uhlamvu lwangaphambili elithi "s" lukhona ekubizeni kwalo, kanti uhlamvu oluyisicaba lwe-coronal "s", okusho ukuthi ungwaqa we-coronal yiwo ocaciswa nengxenye engaphambili yolimi, ephambi kwe " s" okwedlulele okwedlula yonke ingxenye yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Abantu abakhuluma ama-seantes njengalabo abahlukanisa izinhlamvu "s" kanye no-"z" kufanele basebenzise enye yama-eses.
Ngokunjalo, izindebe zomlomo kwesinye isikhathi zisebenzisa enye yazo, lapho zishintsha indlela yazo yokukhuluma ngezikhathi ezithile noma ngenxa yezehlakalo ezibaholela ekubeni benze kanjalo.
Ukuphinyiselwa kohlamvu "ch" fricative (ukuphinyiselwa ngezitho zomlomo womlomo)
Le nqubo ayenzeki endaweni esempumalanga, iwukusetshenziswa kongwaqa bohlamvu lwesiCastilian "ch", olungazwakala sengathi "ch" lwemvelaphi yesiFulentshi nesiPutukezi, isiNgisi "sh" noma isiNgisi. "sch". ” odabuka eJalimane.
Isifiso sohlamvu “x”
Kubhekiselwa kuyi-Castilian jota, ukuphimisela okufiselekayo kohlamvu u-“x”, i-orthographic jota, kanye nohlamvu elithi “g” lapho linomsindo njengokungathi liyijoti, liphimisa uhlamvu olufiselekayo elithi “h” ngo. ngendlela efanayo isiNgisi noma isiJalimane elithi “h”.
Isifiso sohlamvu “h” olusuka kuhlamvu lwesiLatini lokuqala elithi “f”
Kulokhu, ukuphinyiselwa okulindelwe kwencwadi ethi "h" kugcinwa, okuvela kuhlamvu lokuqala lwesiLatini elithi "f", okuyinto ngesiSpanishi engenawo umsindo. Ngezinye izikhathi, amanye "ama-haches" nawo aphefumula, angaveli egameni lesiLatini elithi "efe".
Le ndlela yokulangazelela ichazwe ngokwesiko njengesici esibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwedemoni yase-Andalusi, lapho ifinyelele khona inhlekisa e-Andalusia nangaphandle kwendawo yayo, iyisebenzisa emagameni angenawo ekuqaleni.
Isifiso sohlamvu lweSpanishi elithi “f”
Kungukuguqulwa okujwayelekile kwesifiso sohlamvu “f”, kuze kufike ohlamvuni “h” ukuya lapho iSpanishi esivamile singazange sihlupheke khona, ikakhulukazi ngamagama: kwakuwukuthi, nganginjalo, ukuthi ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile ze Ulimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi, babona ukulangazelela kokuqala.
Isifiso songwaqa obunamandla
Kule ngxenye sizokhuluma nge-implosive consonant aspiration, okuwukuqhuma okunamandla komoya, kanye nokuxegiswa kwemisindo evimbelayo. Ngokusekelwe kulo mqondo, labo okuthiwa ongwaqa abaphikisayo: “r, s, z, x, c, p, t, d, g, b, f kanye no-j” bayafunwa. Kuthe kusesesigabeni sokulangazelela, umsindo kangwaqa owulandelayo uyashintshwa ngokuwuphindaphinda ngendlela ehlukile ngokuya nomsindo wezimpawu ezikhomba ungwaqa.
Inhloso yohlamvu oluthi “r” olulandelwa uhlamvu “n”, kanye no-“l”
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi kule nqubo izinhlamvu "n" kanye nohlamvu "l" ziqondiswe futhi ziphindwe kabili. Uma kubhekiselwa ezixubeni zefonetiki elithi "rn" kanye "rl", kwenzeka ngesifiso sohlamvu oluphindaphindayo "r", kanye nokuphindaphinda uhlamvu "n", noma ukwehluleka lokho njengohlamvu "l".
Kungabonakala ngokucacile ukuthi ngenxa yokuphindaphinda, isifiso siphenduka ikhala futhi lokhu kukhishwa kwekhala kuthinta ngokuqondile unkamisa oza ezinhlamvwini "l" noma uhlamvu "r".
Ukulangazelela kohlamvu olungenangqondo oluthi “s” lwandulelwa izinhlamvu “p” kanye no-“k” (“cy qu”)
Njengomphumela wesifiso sezinhlamvu "s", "p", "k", eziphindaphindiwe, ziba ongwaqa abafisayo, futhi azimi.
Ukulangazelela kwezinhlamvu “s” noma “k/” («c») okuphuphumayo kwandulelwa uhlamvu “t”
Le nqubo yenzeka ngesifiso sohlamvu "s", "t", oluphindaphindwayo futhi lunikeze imisindo ye-alveolar, hhayi ngemiphumela ye-occlusive.
Isici esisha ukuguqulwa kohlamvu elithi "t", oluphindaphindwa phakathi kwesifiso somsindo wongwaqa, owaziwa ngokuthi i-affricate.
Kunezimo ezithile ezikhethekile lapho ongwaqa abaphikisanayo "f, s, no-z" ekuphindaphindweni bathatha indawo enkulu yesifiso.
Ukulangazelela kongwaqa ophikelelayo okwandulelwa ukuma kwezinhlamvu “b”, “d”, “g”
Kulokhu, esikhundleni sokukhiqiza kabusha, ukuyeka ukububula kuba yi-fricative.
Isifiso songwaqa wokugcina kanye ne-sadhi
Ongwaqa bokugcina "d, l, n, r, s, z" nabo bafiswa njenge- implosives, kuyilapho bekhiqiza imiphumela efanayo yemisindo yamakhala yonkamisa bokuqala, kanye nokuphindaphinda kongwaqa abalandelayo.
Kuvamise ukuphindwaphindwa ukuthi uhlamvu u-"s" alufiseleki ekugcineni, futhi uhlamvu u-n" aluphinyiswa ekugcineni kwegama, uma kwenzeka igama elilandelayo liqala ngonkamisa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungase kuvele ukushelela kwamagama ahilelekile, okusho ukuthi lapho igama ligcina ngongwaqa.
Ezikhathini eziningi, abantu base-Andalusia, bakhuluma ngendlela yokulawula yeSpanishi ongwaqa abafisa ukuwasebenzisa nsuku zonke, befuna ukuvimbela ukunemba okuhambisana nokuphimisela amagama amabili (i-homophony), noma ngenxa yalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i-diglossia.
Sekushiwo lokho, kuvamile ukuthi igama lokuqala elihilelekile linesibopho sokukhombisa ubuningi, ukugcina unkamisa ovela ekupheleni kwegama lesibili ongabandakanyeki emiphumeleni yesifiso.
heheo sporadic
I-Heheo yigama elingahlotshaniswa nendawo ethile, ligcina livela ngendlela yenhlanhla, okungukuthi, kuya ngesikhathi sengxoxo nezinga lesenzo labo abakhulumayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akukacwaningwa kahle okwamanje, ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengesici esivamile phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasezindaweni zasemakhaya, nokho, kunamagama athile anjengokuthi "heheantes", afakwe kusichazamazwi sawo, enza ingxenye yezwi lawo. izengezo, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Andalusia yizakhamuzi, zibuka ukubonakaliswa kwayo kwe-Heheo.
Njengoba sesishilo, izikhulumi zayo eziphimisa i-heheo, zihlala kusifiso sohlamvu u-"s" oluyisiqalo noma i-intervocalic, olukhiqiza umsindo ofanayo njengokungathi uphimisa uhlamvu "g" noma "j". Lokhu kungafakazelwa phakathi kwabantu abakhulumayo, kuye ngokuthi ingxoxo yenzeka nini.
I-aspiration nasalization
I-nasalization inqubo ehlanganisa ukwenza imisindo, ngokuvamile onkamisa, ukuvumela umoya ugeleze ngamakhala, esikhundleni somlomo. NgeSpanishi, i-nasalization ayimeleli into ebalulekile, ngoba awekho amapheya wamagama ahluke kakhulu ngenxa yemiphumela ye-nasalization.
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ochwepheshe abathile ocwaningweni lwezilimi zesigodi baye babonisa umphumela wokukhishwa kwe-nasalization ngama-Andalusians, kodwa ucwaningo oluthile alukenziwa ngokubhekisela kulesi sihloko ngokolimi lwesi-Andalusi.
I-nasalization by aspiration kwenzeka ngenxa yesifiso, kungaba ngamagama angawodwa, kanye nokuhlangana kwamanye amagama.
Ukukhishwa kwezikhala konkamisa abandulela uhlamvu lokugcina “n”
Njengoba nje umphumela we-nasalization wonkamisa uvela, ngenxa yesifiso songwaqa abangezwakali, kungase kutholakale isimo esengeziwe semiphumela ye-nasalization. Lokhu kungabonakala kulawo magama agcina ngohlamvu "n", khona-ke lo ngwaqa uyancishiswa ngokunyamalala, okukhuthaza kuzo zombili izimo inqubo yokuphuma kwekhala kankamisa elandelayo.
Ukuthambekela ekususeni nasekuhlanganiseni amagama
I-Elision iyinqubo yokumisa unkamisa ophetha igama elilodwa lapho igama elilandelayo liqala ngonkamisa. Ngenkathi ukuhlangana kuyinyunyana yezakhi eziningana. Edolobheni lase-Andalusia, ukuthambekela okukhulu kokukhishwa kwamagama kuyaqhubeka, ngaphezu kwezinye izindawo zase-Iberia.
Kanye nenqubo yokunyamalala kwe-preposition "de", esetshenziswa ngokuphelele ngolimi lwesiSpanishi. Ngokuvamile kuvamile, ukuthi e-Andalusia basusa uhlamvu "e" kusukela ku-preposition "en", uma kwenzeka kwandulelwa ngonkamisa.
I-Morphosyntax
Kule ngxenye ye-athikili, sizobe sikhuluma nge-Morphosyntax, ebhekisela ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezilimi ofunda imikhuba nemithetho ye-morphological ne-syntatic yolimi, futhi esimweni esithinta thina, sigxile olimini lwesi-Andalusi.
Ngakho-ke, singabonisa ukuthi lesi siyalo sivezwa ngokuhluke kakhulu kwezinye izindawo eziseNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia, i-demonym yase-Andalusi ikhombisa ulimi olusebenzisa i-etymologically izabizwana ze-atonic, okusho ukuthi zibizwa ngaphandle kwe-accent, njengoba ziba: le, i-la futhi bheka.
Kodwa-ke, ithonya lezilimi zesigodi ezihlukahlukene linomkhuba wokungena kwi-leismo ngamagama anjengokuthi: "Ngambingelela, esikhundleni sokuthi" Ngambingelela.
Ezindaweni eziningi ze-Western Andalusia nasezindaweni ezimbalwa zaseMpumalanga Andalusia, kuvamile ukusebenzisa izinkulumo ezithi: “ustedes” esikhundleni sokuthi “vosotros” nemininingwane yokuthi ilungiselelo elixubile lenzeka, okungukuthi, kusetshenziswa igama elithi tú elivelayo. kusukela kumuntu wesibili ubuningi, kulokhu igama elithi "wena".
Iqiniso elishayisanayo nendlela elisetshenziswa ngayo eLatin America, ngoba igama elithi wena kanye nezinhlobo zayo zenkulumo ezihlobene kuthathelwe indawo igama elithi "wena".
Kubhekiselwa endaweni efanayo yendawo, izinkulumo zolimi, futhi zibekwe ngokuphoqelekile kumuntu wesibili ubuningi, igama elithi “se” eliqhubekayo lisetshenziswa, kanti kwenye ingxenye yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia igama elingapheli elandulelwa izinhlamvu ezithi “os”.
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwezinye izindawo ezisentshonalanga ye-Andalusia, kwenziwa imizamo yokugcina ubuningi besabizwana esithi "que" ngokwemibandela yokumangala, njengoba kwenzeka ngolimi lwesiFulentshi, olungeza uhlamvu "s", okuyinto ezicini zefonetiki ikhiqiza. isifiso "h". Nakuba inqubo yokulangazelela ishelela, isabonwa kalula.
Ukusebenzisa igama elithi "ustedes", ukumela umuntu wesibili ebunyeni ngaphandle komehluko obonisa isimo, kwenzeka naseCanary Islands, okuwukuphela kwendlela esetshenziswa eLatin America, nokho, kuhle ukuphawula ukuthi kwezinye izindawo inamathiselwe ezinhlotsheni zezinkulumo ezibhekise kumuntu wesithathu.
Nakuba, ukwandulela kwesihloko kuvela egameni elifanele elinikezwe abantu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zomndeni. Kuyisici esivame kakhulu kwezinye izindawo zomdabu zemvelo yolimi lwebele lwase-Hispanic, kanye nakwezinye izilimi zesiCatalan, ngesiPutukezi nangolimi lwesiNtaliyane.
Kukhona nezinye izici zefonetiki ezingenelela ezingeni le-morphosyntactic, njengezimo ze-homophony ezingekho ngeSpanishi esisemthethweni, kodwa zibangelwa ukungabi khona kongwaqa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze mhlawumbe uxazulule ukunemba okungase kuvumele ukuthi kuchume, kuyadingeka ukuthi siphendukele kwamanye amaphethini okwenziwa ahlanganiswe nezinciphisi nezandiso.
Kwezinye izikhathi, ukufakwa okungamanga kukangwaqa kuyadingeka, okuvumela ukuphoqelela umehluko wefonethiki phakathi kobunye nobuningi begama eligcina ngonkamisa, nokuvimbela i- homophony ukuthi yenzeke.
Ngokuvamile, kungabonwa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kobulili bamagama athile kwenziwa, okufakazelwa ngokucacile eNtshonalanga Andalusia.
Ngokwezitatimende zikaLorca, e-Andalusia kukhona ukuthanda okunembile kokusebenzisa izinciphiso olimini lwabo, okwazi ukudlulisa ukusetshenziswa kwebizo ukuze kuzuzwe izinkulumo.
Ezinye izici ezibahlukanisayo
Mayelana nesihloko se-morphosyntax, bayenza ihluke ngokusetshenziswa kwesijobelelo esithi "emos" ngezikhathi ezithile, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa elithi "amos", ukusho ubuningi bomuntu wokuqala wesandulela esiphelele esiphelele, ezenzweni ezinomusho ongapheli othi "ar" , ngenhloso yokuyihlukanisa nenkomba yamanje. Lona umphumela owenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene eSpain.
Ngokufanayo, kungabonakala ngokucacile ekusetshenzisweni kwesandiso esithi "de" phakathi kwesenzo esihlanganiswayo, kanye nesinye isenzo esiphetha ngokungapheli.
Ngokunjalo, kubhekwe ekusetshenzisweni kwesenzo “ukuba” esikhundleni sesenzo esithi “ukuba”, ukusikhombisa ngesandulela esiphelele kakhulu sendlela yomlomo yokuveza isenzo.
Ukuguqulwa kokuhleleka kwama-elementi angenelela ezilimini ezinciphayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamafomu athile afanayo ahlukile kwalawo eSpanishi ngokujwayelekile
I-Semantics kanye ne-lexicon
Ulimi lwesi-Andalusian luphinde luthokozele ukuba nezinto ezihlukile ezicini ze-semantic lexical.
Ngakho-ke, kulolu limi lwesigodi, inezingxenye zolimi maqondana nezinkulumo zayo, ngokugcizelela ngokukhethekile amagama avamile e-Andalusia, njengoba kwenzeka kwamanye amagama asetshenziswa kulolu limi lwesigodi, nakuba ephuma kumagama esi-Arabhu, isiMozarabic, isiLatini, nesiRomani. ., phakathi kwabaningi.
Singaveza ukuthi olimini lwesigodi sase-Andalusi kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinkulumo ezivamile kwezinye izindawo futhi ezibonakala ngokuba nezakudala.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene, lesi silulumagama singenelela nezinye izilimi zesigodi zaseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa, kuhle ukwazisa abafundi ukuthi akulona lonke uhlu lwamagama olimi lwesi-Andalusi oluvezwa kusichazamazwi se-Royal Spanish Academy, i-RAE.
Isizathu sokuthi inani elikhulu lamagama ajwayelekile e-Andalusian Castilian aboniswe, aqukethwe kuhlu lwamagama, futhi aqashelwa ngobuhlakani ngaphansi kwe-Argentina, Aragonese, Castilian, Chilean kanye nolunye ulwazimagama.
Nokho, kukhona evelele eyaziwa ngokuthi El Vocabulario Andaluz, eyanyatheliswa imbongi, isazi sefilosofi nombhali ogama lakhe lingu-Antonio Alcalá Venceslada, ngo-1933.
Manje, ngokwendlela ye-semantic, amakhono e-lexical aqukethe ulimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi cishe angaba makhulu, ngoba amagama anencazelo ehlukile kunejwayelekile avame ukusetshenziswa, nalokho okusele engxenyeni enkulu yeSpain.
Uhlelo lolimi ngolimi lwesi-Andalusian
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusi aluqukethe uhlelo lolimi oluhlelekile oluhlukile kuhlelo lolimi lokusetshenziswa kweSpanishi. Kodwa, phakathi nomlando wolimi lwesi-Andalusi, iziphakamiso eziningi zohlelo lolimi mayelana nesilulumagama sase-Andalusi sezilungisiwe, kodwa aziphumelelanga ngokugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni.
Isiphakamiso sokugcina salungiswa ngesikhathi seRiphabhulikhi Yesibili YaseSpain, eyalethwa eCortes kanye neSitatimende Sokuzimela esikhethekile se-Andalusia, kodwa, ngenxa yokungena kweMpi Yombango YaseSpain, yonke into yamangala, futhi ukuhlanganiswa akuzange kuphumelele. okuzuziwe.
Kulesi sici, kukhona okukhethekile, okubona kusengaphambili okwenzeka eMelika, ngokushintshwa kwesabizwana esithi "vosotros" ngokuthi "ustedes" ngolimi lwesi-Andalusi olusetshenziswa engxenyeni esentshonalanga. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezikhethekile zokuveza ubuningi besibili ziyaqhubeka nokulondolozwa, okuyinto engxenyeni enkulu yeMelika ezothathelwa indawo umuntu wesithathu.
Ukupela
Isipelingi simelela isici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho siveza imibono ngokubhala, futhi esimweni esithinta ulimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusian, zibhalwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, sinakho ukuthi kusukela phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, idemoni yase-Andalusian, okwamanje ayinayo ezandleni zayo uhlelo oluqinile nolwendawo yonke, olusungula ukubhala ngendlela ehlukile ku-orthography, eyaziwa kuze kube manje nokuthi lokhu kugxilile. ulimi lweSpanishi.
Njengamanje, amaqembu athile amasiko e-Andalusia enze iziphakamiso zokujwayelekile ohlelweni lokujwayela, ukusebenzisa kanye nokwenza ngcono ezikhona ngolimi lwesi-Andalusi, singabala lezo ezasungulwa ku-EPA ezisekelwe ku-Er Prinçipito Andalûh, okumayelana neqembu elingakahleleki lezifundo kanye abalandeli abanambitha inkulumo yesi-Andalusian.
Ngokufanayo, esiphakamisweni esenziwe i-ZEA, okuyiNhlangano Yocwaningo Lwesi-Andalusian, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Zoziedá pal Ehtudio'el Andalú, okuyinhlangano yamasiko ezinze eMijias-Spain, esebenza ngenhloso eyodwa yokuphenya ulimi lwesi-Andalusian. .
Imisebenzi yemibhalo
Ngemva kokucwaninga okuphelele nokuhlaziya kwazo zonke izincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Rhetoric and Poetics, eziye zanyatheliswa ekhulwini le-XNUMX, kuye kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi kunemisebenzi eyanele, enokuqukethwe okukhulu okubalulekile kwezinhlobonhlobo zemibhalo yakhe.
Imibono eminingi ehlukene yemibhalo iye yaqashelwa, phakathi kwazo izihloko ezinjengalezi: I-Sensualism, Sensualism, Mitigated Sensualism noma imizwa, Eclecticism, Eclectic Spiritualism, Traditionalism, Neoscholasticism, Idealism, Krausism kanye nemisinga eminingi efana ne-Utilitarianism kanye neRomanticism.
Ngaphakathi kolimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi, kunezincwadi ezibalulekile eziye zaphawula umlando we-idiosyncrasy, ezibuye zisetshenziswe kusilulumagama sesi-Andalusi, phakathi kwazo okukhulunywa ngazo:
I-troubadour-drama: Izingane zikaMalume uTronera: Sainete. Umbhali: U-Antonio Garcia Gutierrez
Umgundi, umdlalo we-The troubadour. Umbhali: U-Antonio Garcia Gutierrez
Umthengisi wezincwadi: Uthando lomthakathi. Umbhali Gregorio Martinez Sierra
Umthengisi wezincwadi: Impilo emfushane (i-opera). Umbhali: UCarlos Fernandez-Shaw
U-Entremés: Isifiso sokulwa. Ababhali: U-Álvarez Quintero Brothers
Ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo yezici zayo eziyisici
Ngokwazi kwethu, ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusi lunezici zefonetiki nefonological, ezisatshalaliswa ngokwezindawo ngendlela ehlukile. Ngalesi sizathu, sibona amanani alezi zici akhona kwezinye izakhamuzi zolimi lwesiSpanishi ezisuka eSpain.
Ukulingana kwezinhlamvu “l” kanye “r” implosives
Lesi sici sokulinganisa phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezikhonjisiwe sijwayelekile ukuthi senzeke engxenyeni enkulu yendawo yase-Andalusi. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezithile, ukushintshwa kwencwadi ethi "r" ngohlamvu "l" kugcinwa, lolu hlobo lolimi luvela ngokuphindaphindiwe eDominican Republic, ePuerto Rico naseCuba.
Bangavezwa njengesibonelo ezincazelweni zabo: umzimba, esikhundleni sokuthi bathi umzimba, noma i-saltén, esikhundleni sokuthi ipani lokuthosa. Ngokufanayo, kwenzeka kwezinye izinhlobo ngendlela eyeqisayo ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, nokho, lezi zinkulumo zithathwa njengezibalulekile kangako.
Ukulingana kwemisindo yezinhlamvu “s” kanye no-“θ” isiqalo noma i-intervocalic
Ngokuphambene nokwazisa okuvamile kwe-lisp njengento yabalimi, kunengxenye enhle yezakhamuzi zase-Andalusia ezinenani elihle lokukhuluma. Njengoba iMalaga, idolobha elisendaweni yesibili njengelikhulu e-Andalusia, igcina ingxenye enhle yabantu abaziveza ngezindebe zomlomo.
Kodwa i-sese enohlamvu elithi "s" iyisici sezindawo eziseduze eziseduze ezaziwa ngokuthi i-La Caleta noma i-El Palo, futhi ukwehla kwama-lips kuthanda umehluko, ngenxa yethonya labantu bokufika abavela ezindaweni ezingezona i-lips.
Idolobha lase-Jerez de la Frontera linesibalo esiphezulu sabantu esinabantu abaningi esifundazweni, okuyilona elinezindebe eziningi, nokho-ke, kunobufakazi bokwenyuka kwezikhulumi ezine-seseo; ngenkathi i-lisp iqhubeka nokunqoba.
Ngokuphambene, nalokho okwenzeka enhlokodolobha yesifundazwe i-Cádiz, indawo lapho i-seseo ibusa khona, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ijabulela ithonya elikhulu kwabanye omasipala besifundazwe abanezimpawu eziqinile zokukhuluma lisping. Kumelwe ukuba u-Huelva walibona ithonya lalabo abafika ne-seseante Andévalo, kanye nabantu abaningi, hhayi abajwayelekile base-Andalusia, abafika ezikhathini zamuva. Naphezu kwaleli qiniso, i-lisp isahamba ngamandla kuleli dolobha.
Kukhona namanye amadolobha ase-Andalusia, anendlela yokuxazulula i-lisp iningi lawo: Marbella, Dos Hermanas, Puerto Real, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Utrera, Algeciras, San Fernando, Chiclana de la Frontera, El Puerto de I-Santa María, i-Vélez-Málaga, noma i-El Ejido.
Phakathi kwamadolobha ase-Andalusia lapho i-seseo idla khona yile: Cádiz, Seville kanye neCórdoba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi e-Cádiz, njengase-Seville, kusetshenziswe uhlamvu lwe-predorsal “s”, nakuba e-Córdoba kusetshenziswe uhlamvu oluyisicaba lwe-coronal “s”, luchaza izinhlobo ezimbili ze-seseo yase-Andalusi, ekhona emadolobheni amathathu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-seseo inkulu e-El Andévalo noma e-El Campo de Andévalo, yaseHuelva, eSierra Norte de Sevilla, kanye nedolobha laseSeville ngokwalo, kanye nengxenye enkulu yendawo yedolobha elikhulu ngenxa yokubusa kwamanje kwenhloko-dolobha.
Ngokunjalo, kwenzeka ezifundeni ze-Alta ne-Baja Campiña yase-Córdoba, kanye ne-La Subbética eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Córdoba.
Ngokufanayo, e-Llanos de Antequera, esenyakatho yesifundazwe saseMalaga, i-seseo iyanqoba, naphezu kokuba khona kanyekanye kwe-ceceo, ngokwesifunda nangendlela abantu abakhuluma ngayo. I-seseo phenomenon yethulwa enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe saseGranada, ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga kanye naseGuadalquivir Valley esifundazweni saseJaén, futhi ngendlela esemthethweni e-Almería.
Manje, uma kubhekwa konke okushiwo mayelana nezigigaba ze-lisping ne-seseo, angeke kushiwo ukuthi noma yimuphi wabo uvela engxenyeni esentshonalanga, futhi omunye uvela engxenyeni esempumalanga, njengoba kungase kuqinisekiswe ebalazweni.
Ngaphandle kokuthi kunezifunda e-Andalusia, lapho umehluko phakathi kwezinhlamvu "s" kanye "θ" uvela, ngenxa yokungenelela kwezilimi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezikhona phakathi kolimi lwesi-Andalusi nesiCastilian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinombolo zabantu base-Andalusia abahlukanisa uhlamvu u-"s" kanye no-"θ", ngenxa ye-diglossia ekhiqizwa uhlelo olusemthethweni lokuqeqesha lwezemfundo olusungulwe kuyo yonke indawo.
Manje, uma sikhuluma nge-seseo, kuyenzeka futhi ezindaweni ezithile esifundeni sase-Murcia, eCastilla-La Mancha nase-Extremadura, umphakathi ozimele waseSpain. Kanye nasesifundeni saseCartagena umphakathi ozimele wesifunda sase-Murcia, nase-Extremadura, lesi simo siyatholakala, kwezinye izindawo eziseduze nemingcele yamaPutukezi naseFuente del Maestre.
Lesi sigameko esaziwa nge-ceceo, sidumile futhi eMalpartida de Plasencia, idolobhana laseSpain nomasipala, esifundazweni saseCáceres, umphakathi ozimele wase-Extremadura. Kumelwe kwaziwe ukuthi i-canary seseo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Hispano-American, zibhekwa njengolimi olulinganiselwe lwaseMelika. Umsuka wayo uzalwa ngephethini yokungahlukaniswa kwezinhlamvu "s" kanye no-"θ" ezitshalwe edolobheni lase-Andalusia.
Ukulahlekelwa kwe-intervocalic kanye nohlamvu lokuqala "d"
Lesi simo senzeka kuyo yonke indawo yase-Andalusia, ngokufanayo, sivamile kulo lonke elaseLa Mancha nase-Extremadura, nakwezinye izindawo zaseCantabria. Ukuwohloka okubangelwa uhlamvu "d" lapho kwakhiwa izingxenye nezichasiso ezandulelwa zona, ngokwesijobelelo esisetshenzisiwe, isibonelo: "ado", kuvamile kulo lonke elase-Peninsula yase-Iberia, lapho ukunyamalala kwenzeka kwezinye izimo ezithile.
Ukulahleka kongwaqa bokugcina “r”, “l” kanye “d”
Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka kuyo yonke indawo yezilimi zesigodi, ukunyamalala kwezinhlamvu ezithi "d" ekugcineni, kuyinto evamile ezindaweni eziningi zeSpanishi. Kwezinye izindawo izinhlamvu ezithi “r” kanye “l” zihlanganiswa kuhlamvu “l” esikhundleni sokuthi zilahlwe.
Ngemva kokulahlekelwa uhlamvu “l” noma “r”, unkamisa uvuleka kakhulu, ngokugcizelelwa okukhulu eMpumalanga Andalusia.
Ukuphinyiselwa kwezinhlamvu “tf” njenge-fricative
Ngokuphathelene nokuphinyiselwa kwezinhlamvu okufingqiwe kwezinhlamvu ezithi "tf", zisaqukethe umugqa ongaqhubeki, osobala ezifundazweni zaseCádiz, eSeville naseMálaga nase-El Llanito, ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zesifunda esiseningizimu yeGranada, futhi ngokuqinisekile eningizimu ye-Almería. Emadolobheni ase-Huelva, e-Córdoba nase-Jaén, ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kuphimisa kukhawulelwe ezifundeni ezithile ezithile.
Ikakhulukazi eLatin America, uhlamvu "f" njengendlela yokubulawa kwefonimu "tf" ivela emazweni asempumalanga njenge: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Chile, enyakatho yeMexico nasePanama.
Ukususwa kwegama elithi “h” kwefonimu “x”
Maqondana nokuhlukahluka kwezilimi nokuhlukahluka, ukuphinyiselwa kwefonimu “x”, okuvamise ukumelwa yizinhlamvu “j” kanye “g”, ngaphambi kwabonkamisa “e” “i”, njengokuthi “h”, kwenzeka kuyo yonke indawo. yaseWestern Andalusia.
Lokhu kungena ezifundazweni ezintathu ezisempumalanga, esiphambanweni esicatshangelwayo: enyakatho-ntshonalanga eningizimu-ntshonalanga, enyamalala emgqeni ocatshangelwayo womugqa, ovumelana kakhulu nesifunda sokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlamvu "s" kanye "z", ezibonwayo. enkabeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yedolobha laseGranada, entshonalanga ye-Almería nasezindaweni ezithile zaseJaén.
Endaweni yase-Jaén, umphumela ophambene ne-aspiration uyenzeka, lapho bephimisa uhlamvu "j" njengongwaqa ophinyisiwe kanye nomsindo wongwaqa othi "x", kuwumsindo ofana nokugquma.
I-Andalusian emculweni odumile
Umculo wase-Andalusi wadlala indima enkulu ekhulwini le-XNUMX, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Golden Age of Spanish Music. Cishe azikho izindawo emhlabeni ezinefa lomculo elihlukahlukene nelicebe njengalelo lase-Andalusia.
Idolobha lase-Andalusia, kusukela ekuqaleni komlando walo, linengqikithi yomculo eyiqiniso neyingqayizivele, engumkhiqizo wengxubevange yesigqi, imiculo, imikhosi, imidanso kanye nezinsimbi zabo zomculo, ezivela emadolobheni ahlukene nasezindaweni zomlando ezixazulula le nkinga. ulimi lwabo lwesigodi lwase-Andalusian lwangempela.
I-Andalusian inekhono lokusebenzisa njengengxenye yomculo wakhe amazwi ahlanganisa uhlobo lwe-flamenco, kanye nomculo odumile wase-Andalusi ovela kwesinye isici.
Umbhali u-Antonio Martín Moreno ukhombisa ngokusobala emsebenzini wakhe othi "Demófilo", El folk-lore andaluz, kusukela ngonyaka we-1883, i-flamenco nomculo wase-Andalusi. Ngokufanayo, encwadini yakhe ethi History of Andalusian music, ukhuluma ngezinsalela zePaleolithic Ephakathi, lapho kukhona amathambo aqoshiwe noma ama-radederas, izinsimbi zokuklwebha, ezihambisana nokushaywa komculo nesilulumagama sakhe sokuqala sase-Andalusi.
Ngokunjalo, iqembu elidumile lomculo we-pop yaseSpain elasungulwa ngo-1986 "Unganginyatheli ngoba ngigqoke ama-flip-flops" ekuqaleni kuka-1990, lashicilela "Isichazamazwi se-Agropó", esiqukethe ngefomethi ehlekisayo, izinkulumo, amagama. nemishwana yoqobo yesi-Andalusian, nayo enohlelo lolimi nesipelingi esijwayelekile, futhi kamuva yahunyushelwa esiSpanishi esisemthethweni.
Kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukwazisa abantu mayelana nohlobo lwe-Andalusian rock, njengesithonjana sokuqala somculo nezamasiko, esizinikezele ekucwaningeni nasekubuyekezeni i-Andalusian genesis kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kolimi lwesi-Andalusi, phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Medina Azahara, Triana, Mosque. , nabanye abaningi.
Abantu base-Andalusia bazizwa begxilile emasikweni abo nsuku zonke, ngakho-ke kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amaqembu omculo ase-Andalusi avela nsuku zonke, anquma ukudala imikhiqizo yawo yomculo esekelwe olimini lwesi-Andalusi.
Lawa maqembu ahlanganisa: i-Chambao, i-Los Delinqüentes, i-Mojinos Escozíos, i-Jesuly, i-O'funk'illo, i-Er Koala, i-Hora Zulu, i-El Lunatico, i-El Barrio, i-SFDK, i-Ojos de Brujo ne-Canteca de Macao, i-Abocajarro noma i-Triple XXX.
Kanye nokwakhiwa kweqembu le-Fundación de Raperos Atípicos de Cádiz, nengoma yalo ebabazekayo ethi “Denomination of Origin”
Futhi uchwepheshe waseCatalan ogama lakhe linguJaime Pahissa, lapho ekhuluma ngezici zomculo waseSpain, uqinisekisa ukuthi lezi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, zifana nomculo odumile wase-Andalusi.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-puellae gaditanae de las Gades, okubhekisela kumdanso odumile, futhi kuze kube yilapho abameleli bokugcina be-romanticism yomculo ka-Albeniz, uFalla noTurina, kukho konke lokhu bekulokhu kukhona kusukela ekukhulelweni kwayo, abantu base-Andalusi. zibe khona futhi zikhombisa imvelaphi yazo kanye nokubalulekile kwayo.
Umlando wolimi lwesi-Andalusian
Ilandisa ngendaba yolimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi, olwazalwa njengokwehluka okuvamile kolimi olwalethwa amaCastilian anqoba futhi ahlala esigodini saseGuadalquivir, kusukela eJaén kuya eCádiz, ekhulwini le-XNUMX.
Khona-ke, ngonyaka ka-1942, lapho nje aMakhosi AmaKatolika eqeda ukubusa kweGranada, ulimi lwesiCastilian lwasakazekela kuso sonke isifunda, kuhlanganise naseSeville, eCádiz noma eCórdoba, futhi ngaleso sikhathi izici ezithile zaziqashelwa ngokunaka okukhethekile ku-seseo, lisp.
Kusukela lapha, kwasungulwa isitayela solimi engxenyeni enkulu yensimu, eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, eyayizoqhubeka ezindaweni eziningi, ngokungafani namaCastilian aseToledo, eValladolid noma eBurgos.
Phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, izikhathi lapho indlela yolimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi yacaciswa ngokucacile, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka amandla ezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle namasiko ayejatshulelwa yiSeville ngaleso sikhathi, eyamukelwa abantu base-Andalusian, uhlobo lolimi oluhlukile , ithande ukusungulwa kwayo e-Andalusia.
Isici esisodwa esingenelelayo ngolimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi ukuba kude kwezinye izindawo zejografi, njenge-Sierra Morena, eyathanda, njengenkambiso yolimi evela e-Toledo noma e-Madrid, isingeniso esiyinkimbinkimbi e-Andalusia iminyaka eminingi.
Ulwazi lokuqala mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kolimi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi luvela ekhulwini leshumi nanhlanu, kulezi zikhathi, kunemibhalo yezigaba ezahlukene ezinjengokuthi: inkondlo nezomthetho, nesipelingi esingalungile esasibonisa ukuba khona kwe-seo-cessation, ukulinganiswa kwemisindo yasendulo efanekiselwa. ngo : “ce , ci , ç , z , futhi ngo ss , s”. Njengoba nje kunezinkomba lapho ama-Andalusians aqashelwa khona ngendlela yawo yokuziveza.
Lonke lolu lwazi lwanda ekhulwini le-XNUMX, ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, futhi phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho ochwepheshe abaningana abanjengabafundi bohlelo lolimi nababhali bekhuluma izikhathi eziningi indlela yokukhuluma abanayo e-Andalusia, befaneleka njengabahlukile, inhloso yokumgxeka, nokho, ukugxekwa okuhle kwaba khona.
Lo mkhuba okukhulunywa ngawo unomphela waziwa ngokuthi yi-seseo-ceceo, okuthi phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX lengeze ukuphinyiselwa okulindelwe kwezinhlamvu “ge, gi, j”, ngokwezinganekwane ezihlukene zamagama acatshangelwa ngaphakathi kolimi lwesi-Andalusian.
Kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalombili, kucatshangwa ukuthi umongo wezilimi zase-Andalusia uzocishe ufane, nokho, izincwadi zesifunda zekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kanye nokukhula kolimi lwesigodi olukhona ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, alunalo ulwazi oluningi.
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, inkolelo yokuthi ukuqala kolimi lwesi-Andalusi noma inkulumo kungumkhiqizo wokungenelela kwezinye izilimi, kuchithwa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kunencazelo yakho, okokuqala, ngoba zonke izici zolimi lwesi-Andalusi, ngemvelaphi yalo nokukhiqizwa kabusha, zingena emlandweni weSpanishi esisemthethweni.
Esicini sesibili, kungashiwo, ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza okuthembekile akunakwenzeka: isiLatini se-Hispalis noma i-Corduba, eqhubeka nokuthandana kwamaMozarabs aseMedithera, yacindezelwa ku-al-Andalus phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, ikhulu leminyaka. ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwamaCastilian ngolimi lwawo; ukushiya ama-Arab akhohliwe endaweni engaphansi kwe-Christian Andalusia kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nantathu kuya kweleshumi nanhlanu, ngenxa yokuxoshwa kwengxenye enkulu yabantu abangamaSulumane, ngemva kokunqotshwa.
Ukuba khona kwalaba, kanye nokungenelela kwabo, kwashiya iCastilian eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Andalusian", futhi ekugcineni, izinkulumo zamagypsies, ezafika edolobheni lase-Andalusia ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nanhlanu, abashiya izinkulumo ezimbalwa, ezinye zikhangayo..
Ngokomlando, inkulumo yesi-Andalusi ibhekwa ngokusemthethweni, njengolimi lwesiCastilian, ngoba kuthiwa iwumkhiqizo wolimi wenqubo yomlando yokuhlukana kolimi, ngokuba yizo zonke izinkulumo ezikhona kule nhlonhlo, ulimi lwesi-Andalusi kuphela ezihlukahlukene zesifundazwe. akusona isiqalo esidala noma esothando.
Isho inqubekelaphambili efanele yeCastilian, eyethulwa ezindaweni zase-Andalusia ngabakhi bamakoloni kanye nezifiki kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nantathu. Ulimi lwesi-Andalusian lugoqwe ngaphakathi kwemodi yolimi okuyindawo ekhuluma iSpanishi.
Ulimi lwesi-Andalusian namuhla
Njengamanje, kunezazi ezimbalwa ezingongoti ngale ndaba ezilokotha ziveze ngokusobala imibono mayelana nesi-Andalusian, esibizwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesigodi lwesiCastilian Spanish. Konke kwenzeka ngenxa yokubaluleka okukhulu ukuthi i-Andalusian inophawu lwayo njengento ephansi phambi kweCastilian, okwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kokubili kube nzima.
Kunombono ojwayelekile ngesi-Andalusian, okwamanje okwaziwa njengolimi olukhulunywa kabi, emazingeni ahlukene futhi kuye ngeziguquguquko eziningi, ukuze ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Andalusi luvela ku-Castilian Spanish hhayi olimini lwakudala lwesifunda.
Kungaphethwa ngokuthi e-Andalusia, uhla lwezichazamazwi olusobala lusaqhubeka, kodwa, ingxenye enkulu, luwuhlelo lwamagama lwakudala, olungaziwa abantu abaningi esifundeni. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuthi abahlali esifundeni noma ngenxa yesimo senhlalo, noma ngenxa yokuthi abagxilile endaweni yendabuko nesemakhaya.
Kodwa-ke, ukuchaza okwengeziwe ngomlando noma umsuka walesi simiso solimi, umuntu kufanele abheke izikhathi ezaziwa ngokuthi isi-Andalusian, lapho isi-Arabhu esivamile esikhulunywa e-Al-Andalus sathuthuka kwaze kwafinyelela olimini lwesi-Alyamia, esavezwa abantu. ka-Al-Andalus, ababengahlobene nabantu bokuzalwa okuphezulu ababebusa ngaleso sikhathi. Ngolimi lwesi-Alyamia, ungathola imikhondo eyanele okwamanje eyisici sama-Andalusians.
Okokugcina, izikhulumi eziningi zase-Andalusi zisebenzisa amagama avela kusiko lwazo ukuze ziziveze asasebenza ngolimi lwesi-Andalusi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukuphikisana futhi zikwenza ngokukhululekile.
Ilukuluku lolimi lwesi-Andalusian
Lolu limi lwesigodi sase-Andalusi luzungezwe yizimo ezivusa ilukuluku, njengokuthi uhla lwezinhlelo zolimi ezibhekiselwe "kolimi lwesi-Andalusian" lulungiselelwe kuwo wonke umlando walo, ngenhloso yokuvikela nokugcina ukuhlukana kwalo, nokugwema ukuxubana kwalo neSpanishi, nokho. , abaphumelelanga ukuvunyelwa ngokomthetho.
Ukuba wuhlelo lolimi lokugcina olunemininingwane, ngesikhathi se-Second Spanish Republic, futhi lathathwa ukuze ligunyazwe ngaphambi kukaCortes, enkampanini ye-Autonomous Statute ye-Andalusia, engazange izuzwe ngenxa yokungenelela kweMpi Yombango YaseSpain.
Umbono: E-Andalusia abantu abakhulumi ngendlela efanayo
Njengoba siqokomisa, e-Andalusia akukhulunywa ngendlela efanayo, ingxenye enkulu yolimi lwesi-Andalusian ikhona ezindaweni ezithile, kanti ezinye azibonakali.
Isizathu sokuthi kungani i-lisp ingaba yisibonelo, esisabalele ezifundazweni eziningi zaseSeville, eHuelva, eCádiz, naseMálaga, eCórdoba, eJaén, eGranada, kuyilapho e-Almería i-sese ibusa kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, isifiso sohlamvu "j", kanye nokuchazwa kwegama elithi "ch" okuyizimo ezithile ze-Andalusia, futhi akwaziwa eNtshonalanga.
I-Andalusian linguistic modality, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Andalusian dialect, noma i-Andalusian nje, izinhlobonhlobo zeSpanishi ezivezwa edolobheni lase-Andalusia, eliseningizimu yeSpain. Izikhulumi zale modi zinezici eziningi ezivamile, okuthi, kanye nenani lazo elikhulu, zibe phakathi kwezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zolimi.