Ukuvela kweselula kusukela ekudalweni kwayo

Ubuchwepheshe beselula yinkampani ehamba ngokugxumagxuma nemingcele, ngena uthole ukuthi kanjani Ukuvela kwefoni mobile kuze kube namuhla

ukuvela kwefoni 2

Ukuvela kwefoni

Kukhona okutholakele kanye nokusungulwa okuye kwavumela ushintsho ekuziphendukeleni komuntu, njengokusungulwa komshini wokunyathelisa owashintsha izindlela zokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu ngaleso sikhathi futhi wavumela ngokungenakuphikwa ukuthi ulwazi lusakazwe ngendlela yombhalo.

umakhalekhukhwini evolution

Kulezi zikhathi zokuqhuma kobuchwepheshe, sesibe ofakazi abakhethekile bokusungulwa okubaluleke kakhulu embonini yezokuxhumana ngombhalo, idatha kanye nezwi, okuhlanganiswe kudivayisi eyodwa encane esebe ithuluzi elibalulekile ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke. amadoda akanye.

Lesi sihloko sikhombisa ukuvela komakhalekhukhwini kanye nezici zabo, eziye zakha ukuziphatha komuntu emhlabeni wokuxhumana, ibhizinisi, ulwazi, imfundo kanye nobuhlobo babo bomphakathi. Kuyaxaka ukuthi ithuluzi elincane kangaka seliphenduke umhumushi wezikali emhlabeni, uma siqhathanisa lokho, ngokuchofoza nje iselula, sinawo umhlaba ezandleni zethu.

Ukuqala Ukuvela kwefoni

Omakhalekhukhwini ekuqaleni kwawo: Ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuyinhloko kwakuwukukhulumisana ngezwi, okwaqala inkathi entsha yokuhamba, inzuzo enkulu uma siyiqhathanisa nekhompyutha yethu yomuntu siqu.

Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu sihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwalolu cingo ekusebenziseni izinto ezibonakalayo, okungukuthi, kanye nemibhalo yethu yomuntu siqu njengomazisi, amaphasipoti, amakhadi esikweletu noma edebhithi, ilayisense yokushayela noma ikhadi lomuntu siqu lenkampani yethu noma isikhungo sezemfundo. , umakhalekhukhwini uthathwa njengomazisi owodwa ngaphezulu.

Ukuqala kweselula kucatshangelwe esimweni seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, umcimbi owaphawula isidingo sokuxhumana okude. Inkampani ye-Motorola idale idivayisi ebizwa nge-Handie Talkie H12-16, umsebenzi wayo wawuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamaza omsakazo kwibhendi yefrikhwensi engaphansi kuka-600 KHz.

Inhloso yawo kwakuyindlela yokuxhumana yezempi kuphela. Eqinisweni, le mishini yayingahambi kakhulu ngenxa yesisindo sayo esikhulu nobukhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakulinganiselwe ezimotweni zempi. Izici zayo zobuchwepheshe zaziyi-analog ngokwemvelo, enamabhendi e-HF ne-VHF, alawulwa yinkampani yaseMelika iBell.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Ericsson ukhangise i-Mobile Telephone System (MTS), elawulwa yi-Bell, izici zayo: Isisindo esikhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakusezinmotweni. Unyaka kwakungu-1955.

Okulandelayo, kwakhiwa i-Walkie-Talkie enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1,2 ekwazi ukuxhuma ku-1,5 KHz. Ukuklanywa kwayo kuthiwa kwaqanjwa umsunguli waseRussia uLeonid Ivánovich Kupriyanovich ngo-1955. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kwenziwa inguqulo ethuthukisiwe, enobukhulu obuncane nesisindo esincane futhi yelula ibanga layo elingu-2 km, ngonyaka ka-1957.

ukuvela kwefoni 3

Omakhalekhukhwini bokuqala bezentengiselwano Ukuvela kocingo

Ukuqala kwalo mkhakha kudalwe isiqephu esenzeka ngo-Ephreli 3, 1973, lapho uMartin Cooper, umqondisi weMotorola, ebiza imbangi yakhe kulo mkhakha, uJoel Engel weBell Labs ye-AT&T. Bekuyikholi yokuqala eyenziwa ngokungenantambo.

I-Motorola Dynatac Phone Evolution

Uthe ucingo lwenziwe nge-Motorola Dinatac 8000x (Dynamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage), kwakuyisibonelo esasetshenziswa u-Cooper, inobukhulu obulandelayo: 33 x 4,5 x 8,9 amasentimitha futhi inesisindo esingamagremu angu-800, inefoni yekhibhodi yezinombolo (ikhiphedi) , yayinokhiye abakhethekile abayisishiyagalolunye.

Ukuzimela kwalo mshini kwakuyihora elilodwa kuphela engxoxweni (eyisishiyagalombili ku-standby) futhi izindleko zayo zazingamadola angu-4.000 ngaleso sikhathi. Isici sayo esiyinhloko kwakuwumthamo wayo wokugcina, ikwazi ukugcina izinombolo zocingo ezingu-30 encwadini yayo yamakheli. Impilo yebhethri ibiyihora elingu-1. Izinga layo lokusebenza belilihle kakhulu ekwamukelweni nasekudluliseleni.

ukuvela kwefoni 4

I-Nokia Mobira Talkman

Ukusuka eFinland, iba yifoni yokuqala ephathekayo yakwaNokia. Idizayini yayo yayingafani nemibi ehlinzekwa yi-Motorola Dynatac 8000x, kodwa yayinkulu futhi isindayo (10 Kg) futhi inobhaka ohlanganisa ibhethri elikhulu. Izindleko zayo zazingama-euro angu-4.500, ngo-1984.

I-Motorola MicroCT.

Manje ake sibone ukwethulwa kwaleli qembu. Kwakuyinguqulo encishisiwe ngosayizi, isisindo futhi inokuzimela okungcono. Izinguqulo zayo zokuqala zazihlanganisa amafoni analogi ngaphambi kokufika kohlelo lwe-GSM. Okusha okukhulu kwaba ukuthi isipika sigoqe phezu kwekhibhodi.

 I-Motorola Startac

Lesi sibonelo sethulwa ngo-1996, kubhekwa njengefoni yokuqala eyanikeza ukubaluleka okukhulu ukuklama, idela izimfanelo ezithile zokusebenza, mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sici kwakungesosuku, iselula ethandwayo futhi efinyelelekayo ukuyithwala ngenxa yesisindo sayo esiphansi.

Ikhulu lama-XNUMX Ukuvela komakhalekhukhwini

Iminyaka yama-90's yayigcwele abakhiqizi i-Motorola ne-Nokia, okwaba umzabalazo wangempela wezobuchwepheshe. Phakathi kwama-prototypes avelele sine:

I-Motorola 2900 Bag Phone

Ngo-1994, kulo nyaka iMotorola Bag Phone yangena emakethe, yayibhekwa njengendawo yokugcina izimoto, isisindo esincane futhi iqukethe uhlobo lwesikhwama okwatholwa kuso ibhethri ne-transceiver, zazihamba kahle futhi zazithandwa kakhulu endaweni. imakethe.iselula.

 I-Motorola StartTAC Mobile Phone Evolution

Le selula yangena emakethe ngonyaka ka-1996. Ibhekwa njengomakhalekhukhwini wokuqala wangempela. Idizayini yayo yayinomumo we-clamshell owawunokuguquguquka kokugoqa izingxenye ezivikelayo eziyingxenye efana nekhibhodi nesibonisi esivela endaweni.

 8110 INokia

Unyaka ka-1996 wafika futhi inkampani yezokuxhumana iNokia yethula iselula yayo entsha. Kwakuwumshini owawuthandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, wawunesembozo sokuzivikela emiphumeleni noma ezingozini. Yayinezici ezilandelayo: Ikhono layo lokuvuselela i-firmware yayo nge-OTA (Over The Air). Intengo yayo yayicishe ibe ngu-$1.000.

 9000i Nokia Communicator

Ngokulandelana kwezikhathi, unyaka ka-1997 futhi abakwaNokia bayamangala ngalo makhalekhukhwini. Ibhekwa njenge-smartphone yokuqala emakethe, nakuba imboni yayisivele inikeze amanye amakhompyutha ephaketheni.

Ukucushwa komzimba kwefoni bekukusha. Abasebenzisi bangavula i-9000i ngokuvundlile ukuze bafinyelele isikrini esikhulu se-LCD kanye nekhibhodi ye-QWERTY egcwele. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakubhekwa njengomanduleli we-Smartphone. Umthamo wayo we-PDA, uguquguquka kakhulu futhi unikeza ithuba lemiyalezo yombhalo kanye ne-imeyili. Ngokufinyelela kuwebhu (okulinganiselwe), kanye nezinhlamvu ezingu-160 zomlayezo wombhalo we-SMS.

Nokia 3210

AbakwaNokia bayaqhubeka nokugcwala emakethe. Ngo-1999, wethula le selula entsha, eguquguqukayo kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Yayingenayo i-antenna yangaphandle, okubangela ukuthi yethule izinkinga zokwamukela. Iqukethe isofthiwe ekhethekile enikelwe imidlalo, amakhava ashintshashintshayo namathoni okukhala okuhlukile komuntu siqu. Kwakuyiselula ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi ngenxa yentengo yayo ephansi.

Ukuvela kocingo ku-SXXI

Inkampani yakwaNokia ihlanganiswe njengomkhiqizi ohamba phambili ohamba phambili emhlabeni, ama-prototypes ayo abe nezici ezikhethekile ezifana nalezi: Ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi yeselula, ukutholakala koxhumo lwe-WAP.

Okulandelayo, sinikeza imininingwane ngamaselula amakhulu ekhulu leminyaka lamanje, nezici zawo. Nsuku zonke ezintsha kakhulu:

BlackBerry

Ngalesi sikhathi, kwafika BlackBerry, ethandwa kakhulu labantu emkhakheni professional. I-RIM BlackBerry 5810 emangalisayo yangena emakethe ngo-2002. Kwakuyi-smartphone yokuqala, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo kokusekelwa kwedatha yeselula kanye nemilayezo yombhalo ye-SMS kanye ne-push imeyili, eyaduma njengesibaluli esihle sale smartphone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibinayo ikhibhodi ye-QWERTY eguquguquka kakhulu.

Iphuzu layo elibuthakathaka kwaba ukuthi yayingenamakrofoni noma isipikha. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kulungiswe lokhu kuphazamiseka, ukusetshenziswa kwama-headphones (izandla zamahhala) kwakuhlelwe.

Nokia 1100

Ngonyaka ka-2003, abakwaNokia bethula uhlobo lokuqala lwefoni eyongayo, eguquguqukayo, ekwazi ukumelana nobubi bendawo ezungezile. Yaba imodeli ethandwa kakhulu.

I-Nokia

Kulo nyaka ka-2007, iNokia iyaqhubeka, ikhombisa ukuvela komakhalekhukhwini. Leli thimba lithathwa 'njengeselula eshibhe kakhulu emlandweni'.

Intengo yayo yayenza yaba idivayisi ekhangayo kubantu abasha abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba futhi izimfuno zayo zaphikelela kangangokuthi uhlu lwezinkampani zezohwebo zale mikhiqizo lwathengiswa phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.

I-Apple iPhone smartphone

USteve Jobs, oyisikhulu esiphezulu embonini yakwa-Apple, wethula i-Apple iPhone smart phone yakhe edumile ngo-1997.

Lona idivayisi eyaguqula ngempela umhlaba wamaselula kuwo wonke umhlaba wezokuxhumana, yaba yisisekelo sama-Smartphones. Bekuyiqembu ebelifaka isikrini esingu-3,5-inch multi-touch, ebesimboze iphesenti eliphezulu lengaphambili leselula.

Phakathi kwezici zayo eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe sinobuchwepheshe be-quad-band GSM, obusekelwa ubuchwepheshe be-EDGE kanye nokuxhuma okungenantambo kwe-Wi-Fi.

Ukuqala e-United States, kwenzeka nge-giant telephony AT&T. Isistimu yayo yokusebenza yaba into entsha: i-iPhone OS, kamuva eyaqanjwa kabusha yaba yi-iOS. Isixhumi esibonakalayo saqanjwa ngaphansi kwefomethi yokukhohlisa eqondile, ngokwengezwa kwezilayidi, izinkinobho namaswishi okwenza ukuthinta okuningi.

Ekuqaleni kwayo, ubuthakathaka bayo buhlanganisa ukungabi nosekelo lokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kunalezo ezifakwe ekuqaleni. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi lesi simo sabuye salungiswa, saba isenzakalo sangempela somhlaba wonke emhlabeni wezokuxhumana.

I-smartphone yenkathi entsha - I-Google Android ne-Samsung

I-Android iwuHlelo Lokusebenza Lweselula, olwakhiwe isikhondlakhondla se-inthanethi i-Google, I-smartphone yayo yokuqala kwakuyi-HTC Dream, ngo-2008.

I-Samsung Galaxy SII Ucingo Evolution

Ithathwa ngochwepheshe njengeselula enamandla, ngenxa yehardware eqinile. Ukuba khona kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezikunikeza isizinda ekusebenziseni izinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nobuhle.

Idizayini yayo yacatshangelwa ngokuhlonipha izici ze-ergonomic, njengokuzivumelanisa nezimo entendeni yesandla nendlela yaso yokubuka ngomzamo omncane kakhulu ohlangothini lomsebenzisi.

Iqukethe ikhamera ethathwa njengenye ehamba phambili emakethe, ama-megapixel angu-8 nesikrini se-AMOLED, vele enoHlelo Lokusebenza lwe-Android, isisindo esilula kakhulu. Ukuvela kwayo emakethe kwaba ngo-2011.

I-Huawei Mate 20 Pro

Iqukethe i-smartphone enezici ezimangalisayo. Inekhamera enkulu eyinkimbinkimbi eyakhiwe amalensi amamegapixel amathathu angu-40, 20 kanye no-8, amabili okugcina asebenza njenge-engeli ebanzi kanye nelensi ye-telephoto.

Kulolu hlelo lwemibono, enye into eqanjiwe iqukethe inkokhiso ebuyiseleka emuva yebhethri lakho noma amanye ama-Smartphones ahambisana nokushajwa okungenantambo. Ibhethri layo lingu-4,200 mAh, elinokuzimela amahora amaningi okusetshenziswa kanye nomthamo ophezulu wokushaja ukululama ngemizuzu engama-30 nje.

Lesi sibonelo siphrezenta njengomsebenzi ongeziwe ukuba khona kwesithwebuli sezigxivizo zeminwe esikrinini kanye nohlelo olusha lokubona ubuso kukhamera engaphambili njengethuluzi lokuvikela lokuvula iselula ngokushesha nangokuphephile.

Ngesikhathi sibhala lesi sihloko, ukubusa okuphelele kwamaselula e-Samsung ane-Android Operating System kudlangile emakethe yomhlaba, kuguqule lezi zixhobo zibe "ihhovisi elisha elibonakalayo" wonke usomabhizinisi noma usomabhizinisi afisa ukuba nalo.

Isizukulwane Evolution of the phone

Kunzima ukucabanga ngokunwetshwa komakhalekhukhwini ngaphandle kokumiswa kanye nokuguqulwa ngokwamandla okugcina kanye nesivinini sokuphendula kanye nokwenza lula ukuguqulwa kwezinguquko kumaphrothokholi anikezelwe kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana nokusekelwa opharetha.

Inkulu inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe ngesikhathi esifushane, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwemizila yamaza omsakazo namaza angaphansi kuka-600 KHz, kwase kuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-AM ne-FM, izinsiza ze-Bell ne-Erickson, kuya ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwe-Samsung. Ake sibone ngezansi ukuvela kweselula ngesizukulwane.

Isizukulwane sokuqala 1G

Isici sayo esiyinhloko kwakuwukusetshenziswa kwamashaneli e-analog, nohlelo lwe-NMT. Inkampani yakwa-Ericsson yenza uhlelo lube lulusuku, lusebenza kumafrikhwensi angaphezu kuka-900 MHz, yandisa isevisi enanini elikhulu labasebenzisi. Kusukela ohlelweni lwe-NMT, ezinye izinhlelo ezinokuqina okukhulu nokuqanjwa okusha zathuthukiswa ezavumela ukusungulwa kwesizukulwane esibaluleke kangaka.

I-Japan yaba yizwe lokuqala elaphayona ekwakhiweni kweSikhungo Senkonzo Yocingo Lweselula, ngaleyo ndlela ihlinzeka ngohlelo lokumaketha lobuchwepheshe obusafufusa, obutholakalayo ukwanelisa izidingo zesevisi zabasebenzisi, ngo-1979.

EYurophu kwaba ngamazwe aseScandinavia (Finland) aqala umzila ngo-1981 futhi e-United States insiza yezohwebo iyasungulwa, ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-AT&T ngo-1983.

Isizukulwane Sesibili 2G

Kwenzeka kuma-90's, kufakwa uhlelo lwe-GSM, IS-136, iDEN kanye ne-IS-95. I-GSm yaba intuthuko efaneleka kakhulu, kwakuyinkomba yezobuchwepheshe eYurophu.

Maphakathi no-1992, amanethiwekhi aseYurophu asebenzisa uhlelo lwe-GSM-900 kanye namatheminali e-GSM, okwaba nomthelela omkhulu eLatin America, e-Asia, e-Oceania (i-Australia yaba iphayona lalobu buchwepheshe obusafufusa) kanye nengxenye enkulu ye-United States.

Ngakho-ke, ngokusobala ngalokho osekudaluliwe kuze kube manje, kulula ukucabanga ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwabasebenzisi emhlabeni wonke kanye nokudayiswa kwakho.

Isizukulwane sesithathu (3G

Njengoba ingcindezi ikhula kubasebenzisi ezimfuno zabo zokufinyelela kubuchwepheshe beselula obusheshayo, obuthembekile nobuthengekayo. Kuvela kubathuthukisi bomklamo, uhlelo lwe-UMTS luyacatshangelwa, olunqunywa ubuchwepheshe be-W-CDMA.

Isizukulwane Sesine 4G

Ngalesi sizukulwane, yethula iphothifoliyo yezinto ezintsha ezihlanganisa intuthuko enkulu ehlobene nokuvikeleka okungcono nokukhudlwana kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi (i-QoS) kanye nokuthunyelwa okuhle maqondana nesivinini, isici esingaphezu kuka-100 Mbit/s ekuhambeni kanye ne-1Gbit/s. Ikwimodi yokulala.

Kumele sisho ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe busekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-IP, ibe i-supersystem kanye nenethiwekhi yamanethiwekhi ngokuba nokutholakala kwendawo yokuhlangana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi anezintambo nangenantambo.

Ukuguquguquka kwalobu buchwepheshe kumingcele kokungenakucatshangwa ngokombono wempendulo leyo umsebenzisi ayidingayo ulwazi olunembayo nolusheshayo; Phakathi kwamazwe ochwepheshe ngalesi sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwama-Smartphones sekuyinto edingekayo futhi eyisisekelo yabathengi, cishe akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisana neqiniso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa leli thuluzi.

Isizukulwane sesihlanu 5G

Ubuchwepheshe obuqanjwe ezikhathini zamanje (2020) obumele umbono ogqugquzelwe ukuxhumana okungenantambo.

Kuhlanganisa iphrojekthi yokufisa ukuthi kwamanye amazwe, imelana nokushintshwa kobuchwepheshe obunjalo, ngoba ohulumeni babo babheka ukuthi kungaba nomthelela ezindleleni zokuphepha nezokuvikela, kuzenze zibe yisikhali esingase zibe yingozi yabo futhi ikakhulukazi, isithiyo ekwakhiweni nasekuklanyeni. ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo zomphakathi. Uma uthanda izihloko ezithuthukile kwezobuchwepheshe, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde I-Satellite Technology

Impilo kukhulunywa ngayo njengesibonelo, njengamanje ehlaselwe ubhubhane. Kuyisibopho sohulumeni ukwakha amasu ahlobene nobukhulu benkinga okuzobhekwana nayo.

Uhulumeni wase-United States uyanqikaza ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, usola izizathu zobukhosi kanye nezithakazelo zikahulumeni,

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazwe afana ne-Chile abonise intshisekelo yokusebenzisa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe ezinikezwa yile ntuthuko.

Ifoni yeselula isiphenduke isevisi lapho ulwazi luyimpahla engasetshenziswa ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kucwengisiswe imiphumela yalo ekuphenduleni ukukhathazeka okwethulwa yiqiniso lethu lomhlaba wonke.

Ubani owayengacabanga ekhulwini elidlule ukuba entendeni yesandla somuntu amasevisi Inthanethi, umbhalo kanye nedatha yezwi, imiyalezo, umthamo isitoreji othintana nabo, izithombe, umsakazo, TV, amavidiyo, Office, amafayela PDF, Whatsapp izicelo kanye nabanye? .

Yonke into eveziwe isinika umbono wesizinda nokuphepha njengemithombo ethembekile ukuze sibhekane nezinselele ikusasa elisiphathele zona.

Sikubonisa izinto ezilalelwayo nezibonwayo ezinweba lokho okuvezwe kulesi sihloko.

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