USanta Bernard waseClairvaux, ungcwele waseFrance, ophuma emndenini ohloniphekile, owanquma ukuzinikela ekushumayeleni ngenkolo. Sikumema ukuthi wazi lapha kulesi sihloko, konke mayelana nalommeleli omkhulu wamabandla amaKhatholika, amaSheshi namaLuthela.
I-Biography kaSaint Bernard waseClairvaux
San Bernardo de Claraval, owazalwa ngo-90 wekhulu le-XNUMX, eFrance. Ngokusho kwalokho okushiwo ngaye, wayehlala nabazali bakhe nabafowabo abayisithupha enqabeni, ngoba uyise wayeyingxenye ye-duchy yesifunda saseBurgundy.
Njengoba ekhuliswe futhi efunde endaweni engokwenkolo, wafunda esikoleni saseChâtillon-sur-Seine kusukela eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, lapho afunda khona nesiLatini nezincwadi. Kamuva, lapho uBernardo esemncane kakhulu ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle lapho umama wakhe eshona futhi ngosizo lomzuzi wakhe, uMbusi waseBurgundy, wakwazi ukungena endlini yezindela njengengxenye ye-Cistercian Order.
Kuleyo ndawo, waphila impilo ehlanganisiwe enobunzima obukhulu kanye nokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemithetho eyasungulwa kusukela ekusekelweni kwayo ngu-abbot kaMolesmes. Kuthiwa kuleli qembu lezenkolo kwakukhona nabafowabo abane abangani bakhe abambalwa kanye nomalume, okwathi ngaleso sikhathi uyise nomunye wabafowabo bahlanganyela naye.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, ngekhulu leshumi nambili, enye yemishini yakhe emikhulu, njengokwakhiwa kwenye inkonzo eClairvaux, yaphathiswa umphathi-dolobha wangaleso sikhathi uStephen Harding, ngenxa yokwanda nokugcwala kwabalandeli benkolo ebaluleke kakhulu. okuhle okwakuthola abalandeli abaningi ngokwengeziwe, lapho, uSaint Bernard uzosebenzisa ubuholi obuphezulu kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe.
Kuthiwa, ngenxa yokulangazelela kwakhe ukuthobela izibopho zakhe eziqinile ezingokwenkolo, impilo yakhe yathinteka, kangangokuthi isithunywa sebandla uWilliam de Champeaux samcebisa ukuba athathe umhlalaphansi isikhashana aye kwenye indawo ukuze athuthukise izinkinga zakhe, ngaphambi kokuba athathe umhlalaphansi. ukuwohloka okukhulu okungokomzimba ayenakho ngenxa yokuvinjelwa ukudla kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okunonya ayezibeka kuye, okwakuyizenzo ezazivamile ngaleso sikhathi.
USaint Bernard waseClairvaux uhlonishwa ngokusungula izindela ezingamashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili eYurophu, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana neJalimane, iSpain neNgilandi. Futhi, waziwa njengomuntu ongaqondakali kakhulu, ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe okujwayelekile okungokomoya kanye nokuxhumana kwakhe okuphezulu kwaphezulu, athathwa njengomunye wabasunguli bemfihlakalo yenkathi ephakathi, ikakhulukazi ithonya lakhe elingavamile ekusakazeni ukuzinikela eNcasakazini.
Obunye ubuhle bakhe obufanelekile kwaba ukuhlanganyela kwakhe ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo semithetho yezempi, ukuvikela abathembekile abazinikele endleleni eya eZweni Elingcwele, kanye nokulwa ne-Islam. Ngakho-ke, iminikelo yakhe igqamile emibhalweni yezimiso zendalo nokwandiswa kwe-Order of the Temple kanye nethonya ayenalo ukuba iSonto LamaKatolika lamukele ngokusemthethweni ibandla lamaqhawe anamandla, okwenzeka eMkhandlwini WaseTroyes ngonyaka ka-1128. .
USanta Bernard waseClairvaux, kwesinye isici sokuphila kwakhe, wangena kwezombusazwe iminyaka eyisikhombisa, kusukela ngo-1130, ngesinqumo salowo obizwa ngokuthi u-antipope Anacletus, kwadingeka aphazamise ukuthanda kwakhe inkolo esigodlweni sezindela, ngoba akazange avume. yokwesekwa okunzima komphakathi akunikeza uPapa Innocent II, kodwa akuzuza ukuthi loNgcwele waba omunye wabameleli bezombangazwe ababenethonya kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Wayengumvikeli omkhulu walokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi isayensi engcwele ngokuphambene nesayensi engcolile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wagqama ngokuba ngomunye wabagqugquzeli bokushunyayelwa kwebandla ezikhathini zasendulo, okwathi, ohambweni lwakhe oluningi lwezifunda zezwe lakubo, iFrance, aqokomisa umusa wokwenza izifungo zesonto nokuhlanganisa ibandla lomgodi, ezuza ngezwi lakhe elimnandi namandla amakhulu okukholelwa, ukuthi izindela zanda kakhulu.
Ohambweni lwakhe ukuze asakaze leli zwi, indela eyayihamba naye yashiya konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwayo ngokubhala, kubhaliswa okukhethekile okuhlobene neqiniso lokuthi wamukelwa kahle ezindaweni eziningana eningizimu yeFrance, kodwa ukuthi wamukelwa kahle. futhi yenqatshwa yiqembu lenkolo elibizwa ngokuthi amaCathar noma ama-Algeria, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kwaba nempi yengcindezelo ngemva kokuba kuthiwe bayizihlubuki.
USanta Bernard waseClairvaux, waba nenjabulo enkulu nenjabulo ngenxa yokuthi umlandeli wakhe ongavamile wezimfundiso zakhe, umNtaliyane uBernardo de Pisa, ngonyaka we-1145 futhi owayephethe izindela ezingamashumi amathathu nane ze-Order, waba isikhulu esiphezulu senkolo, U-Eugene III.
Imizamo yokuphila konke okuzinikele okholweni, yaba nesithiyo ngemiphumela yalokho okwakuyiMpi Yenkolo Yesibili, nokwehluleka lokhu okwakumele ngenxa yethonya layo elikhulu elishukumisayo elalibhekisela ekubeni namandla amakhulu enkolo nezombusazwe ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukuphela kokuphila kwakhe kwafika eneminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nantathu, ngo-Agasti 20, 1153, ngenxa yesifo sesisu esasimphethe isikhathi eside, izinsalela zakhe ziseCathedral yaseTroyes. Ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nanye, wagcotshwa ngoJanuwari 18, 1174 nguPapa Alexander III, kwase kuthi uPius VIII ngo-1830 wamenyezela njengoDokotela weBandla.
Imikhosi eyisikhumbuzo kaSan Bernardo de Claraval igujwa ngo-Agasti 20, ungusanta ongumvikeli waseGibraltar, Algeciras, abasebenzi bezolimo kanye nekolishi laseyunivesithi yaseCambridge. Isethulo salo se-iconographic ipeni, incwadi, inja, udrako, isidleke sezinyosi kanye neNcasakazi uMariya.
Ukungenelela Komphakathi Okuyinhloko
Lo Ngcwele waziwa njengomgqugquzeli omkhulu wokubhalwa kwemihlahlandlela ebusa i-Order of the Templars. Futhi ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe okubalulekile ekuxazululeni ukuhlukana kopapa okwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuma kwakhe okuqinile okwakungabaza ukuphathwa kokucabanga ezindabeni zenkolo kuyaphawuleka, kanye nokushumayela kwakhe okumangalisayo empini yesibili yenkolo. Ngezansi imininingwane yokungenelela kwabo ngakunye:
Inhlangano Yohlelo Lwethempeli
Ngo-1099, iziMpi Zenkolo zaphinde zathumba iJerusalema nezindawo ezingcwele zasePalestine. AmaPilgrim ayecashelwe ezindleleni zawo zokushumayela, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ibandla lamaKnights of Christ lanquma ukwelula izifungo zalo futhi linikele ukuphila kwalo ekuzivikeleni. Ngo-1127, umsunguli wama-Templars, u-Hugo de Payens, wacela uPapa u-Honorius II ukuba aqaphele inhlangano yakhe.
Leli qembu lama-Templars lalisekelwa uBernardo de Claraval, owayehlobene nomunye wabadali, u-André de Montbard, nguye owakhuthaza umkhandlu waseTroyes ukuze ulawule inhlangano yabo futhi bathole ukuqashelwa yisonto.
Inhlangano yabavikeli babashumayeli abampofu ibuswe yimithethonqubo emibili, eyokuqala, ukubusa kwethempeli ngokufana okukhulu nemithetho eqinile yaseCistercian, njengoba yamukelwa ekubhalweni kwayo ngu-Abbot Bernardo.
Aqukethe izici ezivamile zemiphakathi yangaleso sikhathi, njengezinhlaka zezikhundla namandla obushiqela, ayelawula ukukhethwa kwalabo abayala futhi balawula ifa. Kamuva, i-Order of the Templars yaba nomthetho wesibili owawuphefumulelwe uMbhishobhi waseJerusalema, obizwa ngokuthi uMthetho wesiLatini.
UBernardo wabhala ngo-1130, omunye wemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu, ethi, Indumiso Yezempi Yethempeli Entsha, eyayihlobanisa izindawo zempilo kaMesiya nezinkulumo ezicashunwe emibhalweni engcwele, eqhathanisa izenzo nezinjongo zakhe nebutho lezempi laphezulu:
La masosha alwela ukuqeda abantwana bokungathembeki ... elwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ezinhlangothini ezimbili: ngokumelene nabantu benyama negazi kanye namandla omoya ababi.
Ukungenelela ekwehlukaneni kopapa
Lapho uPapa uHonorius II efa, kwaba nesenzakalo esiyimpikiswano njengokukhethwa kopapa ababili, okwabangela ukuhlukana kwesonto, njengoba ingxenye yesigodlo yakhetha uPietro Pierleoni, owamukela igama lika-Anacleto II; kuyilapho idlanzana lokhadinali lakhetha uGregorio Papareschi (Innocent II), uBernard avumelana naye ngokusobala u-Innocent II, njengoba enza kwaziwa kubefundisi abaphakeme kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ukungenelela kwakhe kwakubalulekile emhlanganweni wase-Estampes weziphathimandla zesonto, owawubizwe iNkosi yaseFrance uLouis VI. Ngokufanayo, ithonya likaBernardo lathanda ukuqinisekiswa kuka-Innocent II, ukuthola ukwesekwa kwamakhosi aseNgilandi, eJalimane, eFrance, eSpain namadolobha amabili ase-Italy, iGenoa nePisa. Kulo mkhandlu u-Anacletus wenqatshwa njengopapa futhi waxoshwa esontweni.
Ingxabano no-Abelard
UPeter Abelard, omunye wezazi zakuqala, wayeseqalile ukukhuluma futhi wagcina ukuthi "izisekelo zokholo kumele zifunwe ngokufana okusekelwe ekucabangeni komuntu." Ngakho wathi:
Nganquma ukuchaza izisekelo zokholo lwethu ngokufana okusekelwe ezingqondweni zabantu. Abafundi bami bangibuza ngezizathu zobuntu nezefilosofi futhi bafuna kimi lokho abangase bakuqonde hhayi ababengakwazi ukukubona.
Bathi akusizi ukusho amagama amaningi uma kungenziwanga ngobuhlakani; ukuthi akukho lutho olungakholelwa olungazange luqondwe ngaphambili; nokuthi kuyinhlekisa ngomuntu ukushumayela into yena nabafundi bakhe abangayiqondi ngokuhlakanipha.
Le mibono emisha ka-Abelard ayizange yamukelwe yisikhulu se-abbey nabo bonke ababecabanga ngokwesiko. Ngakho ngonyaka wenkulungwane nekhulu namashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye, uWilliam de Saint-Thierry wathola iziphakamiso eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye okwakucatshangwa ukuthi ziyizihlubuki futhi kwakunguBernard waseClairvaux owabathumela eRoma ukuba balahlwe. Emhlanganweni wesinodi noma umhlangano weSens, u-Abelard waphoqeleka ukuba ahoxe, futhi njengoba engazange, wagwetshwa njengembuka ekuthuleni okuphakade njengothisha.
UBernardo, encwadini ayibhalela u-Innocent II (Ngokumelene namaphutha ka-Abelard), waphikisa amaphutha ayecatshangwa ukuthi u-Abelard, njengoba ayekholelwa ukuthi ukholo kufanele lwamukelwe lulodwa kuphela, eveza lokhu okulandelayo:
Njengoba ayezimisele ukusebenzisa ingqondo ukuze achaze yonke into, ngisho nezinto ezingaphezu kwesizathu, ukucabanga kwakhe kwakuphambene nokucabanga futhi kuphambene nokholo. Ngoba kunokuthile okunobutha ekucabangeni kunokuzama ukunqoba isizathu ngenxa yesizathu? Futhi yini inzondo enkulu ekukholweni kunokwenqaba ukukholelwa lokho okungenakufezwa ngokucabanga?
KuBernardo, iqiniso elisekela ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu liyiqiniso elifakwe ngokuqondile ubunkulunkulu, ngakho-ke, elingenakuphikwa. Ngokuphikisana nokusho kwama-rationalists ukuthi imfundiso yenkolo kufanele isekelwe ubufakazi, wathi empikiswaneni eyaziwayo:
Siyazi (iqiniso). Kodwa sicabanga ukuthi sikuqonda kanjani lokho? Incazelo enemininingwane ayiqondi, kodwa ubungcwele, uma kungenzeka ukuqonda okungaqondakali.
Kodwa uma lokho mhlawumbe kwakungaqondwa, umphostoli wayengeke athi... “futhi kusekelwe othandweni, kuqondakala kanye nabo bonke abangcwele.” Ngakho-ke abangcwele bayaqonda. Uyafuna ukwazi kanjani, uma ungcwele, uzokuqonda futhi uzokwazi. Uma kungenjalo, yibani ngcwele futhi nizokwazi ngokuhlangenwe nakho.
Umbono kaBernard mayelana nokusetshenziswa kabi kwengqondo kuka-Abelard wazuza ukusekelwa kwabahlakaniphile nabangenangqondo, abavumelana naye.
Ukushumayela NgeMpi Yenkolo Yesibili
Phakathi neMpi Yenkolo Yesibili, wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile lezombangazwe kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wenkolo futhi waba umalusi weMpi Engcwele entsha. Kuze kube yilapho kuhluleka futhi kusho ukwehla kwamandla akhe ezombusazwe.
Engxenyeni yekhulu leminyaka ngaphambili, phakathi neMpi Yenkolo Yokuqala, izicukuthwane zaseFrance zafaka i-feudalism ePalestine. Ngo-1144, izinhlangano zamaSulumane zathatha idolobha lamaKristu lase-Edessa futhi ngonyaka ka-1145, uLouis VII waseFrance wacela uBernard ukuba alishumayele.
Waphendula ngokuthi upapa kuphela owayengamyala ukuba enze kanjalo, ngakho u-Eugenio III, ngesicelo senkosi, wacela uBernardo, owayengumeluleki wakhe esikhathini esidlule, futhi athola kuye izimfundiso ezinkulu, ukuba aphathe. kanye nezenzo zokunethezeka eziphuma kuyo.
UBernardo, owashumayela impi yenkolo, wabonisa ubuntu obuhlukile kunalokho ayenabo kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Wayeqonda ukuphila kwangaphakathi njengokuhlangana komphefumulo womuntu noNkulunkulu futhi waveza ukuphila kwangaphakathi okukhona kulo lonke ibandla, umbono wakhe wempi yenkolo wawuyimfihlakalo ngokuyisisekelo.
Wayekholelwa ukuthi iSonto LamaKatolika lalingakwazi ukubizela izizwe ezingamaKristu empini ukuze zivikele umyalo kaNkulunkulu. Kwakubonakala sengathi sasingekho isidingo sokuqonda i-Islam.
Ngokusho kwakhe, uma uNkulunkulu ekubona kudingekile ukuba amabutho avikele amandla akhe emhlabeni, uma yena kanye umphathi wenkolo emphathisa ukushumayela impi yenkolo, wayecabanga ukuthi kwakuwumsebenzi waphezulu. Ngakho-ke, watshela amakholwa angamaKristu athembekile ukuthi kwakuyimpi engcwele, ngoba wacabanga kanjalo.
Encwadini eyakamuva eya kuPapa, wacabanga ngempi yenkolo: futhi wamtshela ukuthi igunya lakhe lokumthumela empini yenkolo lenziwa ngokulalela okukhulu, futhi amazwi akhe ezwakala futhi enza ukuthi abalweli benkolo bande ukuze imizi nezinqaba. bekungaba nalutho , nokuthi kwakunzima ukuthola cishe amadoda kwabesifazane abayisikhombisa.
Ukushumayela okwenziwa eJalimane akuzange kucatshangelwe upapa, nokho, wahlanganisa izikhulu ngenxa yalokho. UBernardo wayebhekwa njengobaluleke kakhulu njengomshumayeli kunokuba isikhulu sombuso nosombusazwe esontweni, njengoba washukumisela amaKristu engeziwe ukuba ahlanganyele empini yenkolo.
Amasosha Enkolo anqotshwa kakhulu inkolo yamaSulumane futhi abangela ukuphelelwa ithemba okukhulu kulo lonke ubuKristu. UBernardo, owayengumshumayeli oyinhloko futhi owayeheha abantu, wayebizwa ngokuthi iqili nomprofethi wamanga.
Umphumela omubi wale mpi yesibili waba nomthelela emazingeni okwethenjwa kwesonto, futhi amandla enkolo yobuKristu abuzwa kabuhlungu. Lokhu kwehluleka kuphinde kwathinta inkomba enhle uBernardo ayenayo.
Nokho, ukuqiniseka kwakhe okujulile ngezizathu ezamshukumisela ukuba afeze indima yakhe kulowo mkhankaso wezempi, kwamholela ekubeni aqinisekise ukuthi ukugxekwa kwabantu abangamaKristu kwakungenxa yakhe hhayi uNkulunkulu, njengoba ashiya kulotshiwe encwadini eyayiqondiswe kubo. uPapa Eugene III.
I-oda lakhe le-Cistercian
Okulandelayo, sethula ukusebenza komlingiswa oyinhloko walesi sihloko, ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakhe kulolu hlelo lwenkolo.
U-Abbot waseCister
Lapho uSaint Bernard eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu ubudala, wajoyina i-Cistercian Order, kwathi eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu, wanikezwa ithuba lokuba ngomunye wabagqugquzeli bokwanda kwabalandeli baleli qembu lenkolo futhi wasungula iClaraval Monastery, lapho. waqokwa u-abbot, ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi kwakuyisikhundla sokuphila konke, wayekhona waze wahamba kulomhlaba.
Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungumphathi we-Esteban Harding Order, owanikeza uBernardo ibhodi yakhe siqu kanye nomthetho-sisekelo wenhlangano yosizo, owawubeka izindinganiso zomphakathi zobumpofu obuphelele, ukulalela ababhishobhi nokuzinikela ekukhulekeleni kwaphezulu, kanye nokulahlwa kwesimiso sezwe. isayensi.
UBernardo wayengomunye wabaqambi abakhulu bomoya kaCistercian, isibonelo sakhe esifanele kanye nemibono yakhe ejulile yamvumela ukuba abe umakhi wokusabalalisa okukhulu kwalolu hlelo lwenkolo, olwasuka ekubeni ukuphela kwesigodlo sezindela lapho ejoyina, kwaba nezintathu. amakhulu namashumi amane nantathu lapho efa . Ube nenhlanhla, ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima kwakhe, wokuba umsunguli wezinkonzo ezintsha ezingamashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili zekhulu namashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili eziphuma ekuxhumaneni kweClaraval.
I-Cîteaux yayiwukuthatha okuhluke ngokuphelele kokuphila kwezindela zenkathi ephakathi ne-Cluny. Umthetho wakwaCistercian wawuwukugxeka kwawo, ukhomba uBernard njengomkhulumeli walokhu kuphikiswa kweCluniacs, awuzwakalisa lapho ebhalela uWilliam isixoliso ngonyaka we-11124:
Ibandla likhanya yonke indawo, kodwa abampofu balambile. Izindonga zesonto zimbozwe ngegolide, kodwa izingane zesonto zisanqunu. Nkosi yami kungani ungajabhi ngobulima obungaka, okungenani uyaxolisa ngokuchitha imali engaka.
Kusukela ekuxoliseni kukaGuillermo, umbuso wakwaCistercian wasabela ekuchichimeni kwalowo omunye umyalo, ngokuthi uma abapristi babenendima ebalulekile esontweni ngonyaka ka-1100, bephethe izikhundla ezibalulekile nalapho babesebenzisa khona ithonya labo ebandleni. amandla civil, futhi ngekhulu leshumi nambili ihambisana Cistercians.
Umgqugquzeli wezakhiwo zeCistercian
Enkulumweni yakhe noGuillermo, uphinde wabeka imihlahlandlela yethiyori yokwakhiwa okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izindela zaseCistercian. Kulokhu kuxolisa, uBernardo wahlulele ukubukisa nokunethezeka kobuciko obujwayelekile besikhathi, ikakhulukazi ubukhosi bamasonto, izithombe zabo eziqoshiwe, imidwebo nezinye izici zobukhulu ezikhuthazwa enye i-oda.
Ngokusekelwe emoyeni weCistercian wobumpofu obuphelele kanye nokuzincisha okuqinile, okungukuthi, ukuhlala ngokuzikhandla nokuvinjelwa kuzo zonke izinto ezibonakalayo, waphetha ngokuthi izindela zakhe, ezazilahle ubuhle bezwe, azidingi noma yikuphi kwalokhu ukuze zicabange ngomthetho. kaNkulunkulu.
Ukugxekwa kwehlukanise izimbazo ezimbili. Okokuqala, ubumpofu bokuzithandela: izithombe eziqoshiwe nemihlobiso kwakuyizindleko ezingenamsebenzi: zazimosha isinkwa sabampofu. Okwesibili, wenqaba nezithombe ngoba zaziphazamisa ukunaka kwezindela futhi zizivimbela ekutholeni uNkulunkulu ngemibhalo engcwele.
Lapho sebenezindlu zezindela ezicishe zibe amashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ngonyaka ka-1135 futhi bekhulisa ijubane labo ngezintsha eziyishumi ngonyaka, uBernardo kwadingeka acabange ukuthi lo myalelo wawusuhlanganisiwe futhi usukhulile, nokuthi imodeli yezindela eyayizoqinisekisa ukufana kwe-oda yayiphuthuma. . Kwadingeka futhi abonise ukuthi lo myalelo wawungenakuqhubeka nezakhiwo ezibuthakathaka zokhuni kanye ne-adobe, okwakudinga izindela zamatshe ukuze zikhonze izizukulwane ezizayo zezindela.
UBernardo ubambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokwakhiwa kwezigodlo ezimbili zokuqala, iClaraval II neFontenay, lapho kwasetshenziswa khona izinto ezimelana kakhulu. Kulezi zinhlelo, wenza izinqumo eziphathelene nokuklama nokusebenza ngendlela efanele, njengoba eyokuqala yayiyi-abbot futhi eyesibili yayithathwe kuye, ngaleyo ndlela yaba umthombo wogqozi owawuchaza ukwakheka kwalolu hlelo lwenkolo.
Kuye, izakhiwo ze-Cistercian kufanele zibonise izingxenye zokuziphatha kosuku ngalunye lokuzikhandla nobumpofu obuphelele, futhi lokho kwakha umoya we-Cistercian, okumele uhambisane nokuthula nokuzindla, okungeminye imibono yalesi sikhungo senkolo.
Lezi zakhiwo zokuqala zenziwe ngesitayela saseBurgundian Romanesque, esasifake i-arch vault ekhonjiwe kanye ne-groin. Base bemukela eminye yemibono yesitayela esisha sesi-Gothic futhi bayifaka emiklamo yabo, bazuza izakhiwo lapho ukuncika kwe-Romanesque ne-Gothic kwakuhlala ndawonye ngesikhathi esisodwa, kwaze kwaba yilapho eyokuqala ilahlwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ithonya ku-Cistercian Pope Eugene III
U-Eugenio III wayebhekwa njengendodana yomoya kaBernardo. Sesikushilo ukuthi uchithe iminyaka eyishumi eClairvaux ngaphambi kokuba aqokwe njengoPhapha, njengendela ngaphansi kwegunya lika-abbot uBernardo. Khona-ke, eminye iminyaka emihlanu, wayengu-abbot egatsheni lesigodlo somfundisi wakhe.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwalaba ababili bagcina ukuxhumana okwakhiwe yilowo budlelwano bokuncika ngokomoya. Ngesinye isikhathi upapa wamcela ukuba abhale i-dissertation ngemisebenzi yomuntu osebenzisa lesi sikhundla esiphakeme esontweni, futhi wabhala incwadi ethi "De consideratione" ezincwadini ezingu-5.
Kuyincwadi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu futhi, nakuba ayibhalela uPapa Eugene III, wakwenza lokho ekwenza kubo bonke abalandela.
UBernardo waqhubeka ezizwa njengoyise ongokomoya, njengoba asho ngokuphindaphindiwe esanduleleni salombhalo, eveza ukuthi: “Uthando engiluvuma kuwe alukubheki njengeNkosi, lumqaphela njengendodana yakhe phakathi kwezimpawu nobukhazikhazi. yesithunzi sakho esiphakemeyo. Ngamthanda nisampofu, namanje njengoyise wabampofu nabacebile. Ngoba ngimazi kahle, hhayi ngoba usuzele abampofu, awusempofu emoyeni».
Kulo mbhalo, ugcizelela isidingo sokuqiniswa kwangaphakathi kanye nokuthandazela labo abanomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu eBandleni. Wabhala ngengozi yokubeka phambili izindaba zombuso nokudebesela ukuxhumana nokusondelana noPhezukonke.
UBernardo wambhalela egqamisa imisebenzi yoMmeli kaKristu, evikela ukuphakama kwamandla kamoya kanye nelungelo leBandla lokusebenzisa amabutho ezwe, ngokusekelwe emazwini abaphostoli abawasho kuJesu lapho bembopha, ababebuthene eVangelini likaJesu Kristu. ULuka oNgcwele , owahumusha ukusekela "imfundiso yezinkemba ezimbili", ekhona emcabangweni wobuKristu kusukela ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi:
Ukube inkemba yezinto ezibonakalayo yayingeyona eyebandla, iNkosi yayingeke iphendule ngokuthi “Sekwanele” kubaphostoli lapho bethi “Nazi izinkemba ezimbili” kodwa “Ziningi kakhulu”. Ngakho-ke, zombili izinkemba ngezebandla, kodwa eyokukamoya kufanele kusetshenzwe ngayo eyebandla, neyezinto ezibonakalayo eyebandla.
Uphinde wabhala ukuthi amandla kaPapa awanamkhawulo:
Ninephutha uma, njengoba ngikholelwa, nicabanga ukuthi amandla enu obuphostoli yiwo kuphela amiswe uNkulunkulu (kusho umphostoli) «Awekho amandla angaveli kuNkulunkulu... Wonke umuntu kumelwe azithobe emagunyeni aphakeme.
Alisho "igunya eliphakeme kakhulu", njengokungathi libhekisela kwelinye, kodwa "igunya eliphakeme kakhulu", njengokungathi libhekisela eziningana. Ngakho-ke, amandla akhe akuwona kuphela avela kuNkulunkulu, kodwa futhi avela "kuye", amandla aphakathi nendawo amancane.
USanta Bernard waseClairvaux wayenenkolelo yokuthi zonke izikhundla eSontweni zivela ngokuqondile kuNkulunkulu futhi wabhala lokhu kuPapa:
Bonisa ukuthi iBandla Elingcwele lamaRoma akulona inkosikazi, kodwa lingumama wawo wonke amabandla. Awuyona iNkosi yababhishobhi, kodwa ungomunye wabo.
imfundiso yakhe
Ongcwele wayengumuntu osekelwe emibonweni yakhe eminingi ezikhundleni ezahlukene, khona-ke sizochaza imfundiso yakhe:
Imfihlakalo
Waba ngowokuqala ukusungula izimiso eziyisisekelo zemfihlakalo futhi wasiza ekuyilolongeni njengomzimba womoya weSonto LamaKatolika.
Ukuzinikela kwakhe ebuntwini boMsindisi kwakuyinto entsha esekelwe kuKristu yobaba kanye noSaint Paul, indlela yakhe yokuxhumana noKristu yaholela ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zomoya ezisekelwe ekulingiseni yena.
Imfundiso yakhe yenkolo eyimfihlakalo yayinenjongo eyinhloko yokubonisa indlela eya ebunyeni obungokomoya noNkulunkulu; imfundiso yakhe yalokhu kucwaninga yayigqugquzelwe ukufunda imibhalo engcwele kanye nobaba bebandla, kanye nolwazi lwakhe lwezenkolo. Uhlelo lwe-Bernardian mysticism luhlongoza ukusuka ekujuleni kwesono sokuqala ukuya ekuphakameni kothando, ukuxhumana okungaqondakali noPhezukonke.
Ukufinyelela kulelo zinga eliyimfihlakalo kunamazinga amane othando kanti encwadini yakhe uveza lokhu okulandelayo:
Umuntu uzithanda yena, ngoba uyinyama futhi akakwazi ukuthanda noma yini engafani naye, lapho ebona ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukuphila yedwa, uqala ukufuna oPhezukonke ngenxa yokuzinikela nokumthanda, njengoba kudingekile kuye. . Ngakho-ke uthanda oPhezukonke ngezinga lesibili, kodwa hhayi yena.
Kusukela aqala, ngenxa yesidingo sakhe, ukumdumisa nokumnakekela, ezindla, ethandaza futhi emlalela, kancane kancane ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokujwayelana, oPhezukonke ubonisa uthando lwakhe.
Ngakho-ke, kuya ezingeni lesithathu, okuwukuthanda iNkosi ngokwayo, kuleli zinga umuntu uhlala isikhathi eside, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngokufinyelela leso sibopho esikhulu esingokomoya nesiphezulu naye, uyakhululwa zonke izifo zomzimba.
Ukuzinikela kukaMarian
ENtshonalanga YamaKristu futhi kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, isiko elidumile leNcasakazi lakhula kakhulu. UBernardo waba nendima evelele ekusakazekeni kwehlelo likaMarian. Imfundiso yakhe yenkolo kaMama Obusisiwe yamukelwa ngabathembekile futhi amazwi akhe asakazwa kuwo wonke amagatsha enkolo.
Imithombo yemfundiso yakhe
Imithombo esetshenziswa uSaint Bernard waseClairvaux isekelwe ikakhulukazi emibhalweni yeBhayibheli nangokwesiko lobuKristu, kuzo zombili lezi zinkulumo asusela kuzo izimpikiswano zakhe ezingavamile.
UBernardo wayekholelwa “esambulweni samazwi” semibhalo yeBhayibheli. Ngakho-ke, kuwo wonke amazwi ezindaba zakhe, wayefuna ukulihumusha kanye nezincazelo zalo.
Lapho engayiqondi imisho ethile noma incazelo yombhalo, wazithoba futhi wacela oPhezukonke ukuba akucacise, ngoba wayeqonda ukuthi, uma ebeke lelo gama noma umusho hhayi omunye, wayekwenza ngesizathu esithile. . Lokhu kukholwa ekwambulweni okukhulunywa ngomlomo kwabangela izinkathi ezibalulekile eziyimfihlakalo ezalotshwa emibhalweni yakhe.
Ukufuna kwakhe incazelo yombhalo wenkolo obaluleke kangaka, ngaphandle kokuzibekela umkhawulo encazelweni yombhali ongcwele, ukuze athole ukuthethelelwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngabanye, kujula ekuzindleni nasekucabangeni, ngendlela efanayo nesonto lokuqala nesiko eliyimfihlakalo. wamaGreki asendulo esikole sekhathekhisi sase-Alexandria.
Ukubaluleka kwalokho abaklami ababili abayinhloko benguquko yobuProthestani ababekucabanga kuye kuyaqokonyiswa, uMartin Luther ethi uBernard wayedlula odokotela bawo wonke amanye amasonto, futhi uJohn Calvin wamncoma, ephawula ukuthi u-Abbot Bernard ukhuluma ulimi olufanayo lweqiniso.
Izincwadi zeBhayibheli azicaphuna kakhulu ukuze asekele amaphuzu akhe yilezi: amaHubo izikhathi ezingu-1519 1388; Incwadi kaPawulu izikhathi eziyi-614; iVangeli likaMathewu izikhathi ezingama-469; KaJohane izikhathi ezingama-465; ekaLuka oNgcwele izikhathi ezingama-358; incwadi ka-Isaya izikhathi ezingu-241 nesiHlabelelo seziHlabelelo izikhathi ezingu-XNUMX.
Esinye isisekelo kuye kwakuyisiko. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakunezikole ezimbili eziphikisanayo zemfundiso yenkolo: isikole sasendulo noma sendabuko, ayeyisazi esihamba phambili, nesikole sesimanje, esasisekelwa u-Abelard, ngokusekelwe ekuqageleni nasekugxekeni kwefilosofi.
UBernardo wabheka ukuthi ifilosofi ayizange ibe neqhaza ukuze abantu bafinyelele umgomo wabo wokugcina. Ngafike ngadelela uPlato no-Aristotle ngithi abafundisi babo ngabaphostoli; ukuthi babengamfundisanga ukufunda eyokuqala noma ukuprakthiza izingxoxo zesibili.
Nokho, wayenombono we-neo-Platonic womphefumulo womuntu, ayewubheka njengodalwe ngomfanekiso nangokufana noPhezukonke futhi ohloselwe ukuxhumana naye okuphakeme.
Obaba beBandla ayebalandela kakhulu yilabo ababezibona bengabafundisi abanegunya elikhulu kunawo wonke, bezibiza ngokuthi ungumfundi othembekile kaSaint Ambrose noSaint Augustine, ngakolunye uhlangothi, wabhala ukuthi kwakuyoba nzima kuye ukuchezuka. ngokombono wakhe.
Ngokuqondene nokuziphatha, inkomba yakhe kwakunguGregory Omkhulu. Ngokulandelayo, wayesekelwe kuCassiodorus lapho ebhala umbono wakhe omangalisayo ngamahubo.
Phakathi kobaba abangamaGreki waphinda wacaphuna u-Origen no-Athanasius. Wayenokuzinikela okukhulu kuBenedict waseNursia kanye nokubusa kwakhe kwezindela. Lomsebenzi wafundisa inhliziyo yakhe nokuhlakanipha kwakhe, futhi wayeqiniseka ukuthi, njengeBhayibheli, yayiyincwadi ephefumulelwe ngokuqondile ngoPhezukonke.
Imibhalo kaSaint Bernard waseClairvaux
Imibhalo kaSaint Bernard waseClairvaux ifakwe emiqulwini 182 no-183 yokuhlanganiswa kwemibhalo yoFata beBandla nabanye ababhali babefundisi, eyanyatheliswa phakathi kuka-1844 no-1865, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo okukhulu kubalandeli benkolo. .
Izibopho zakhe eziningi azizange zimvumele ukuba enze umsebenzi obhaliwe omningi. Nokho, wabhala imibhalo emchaza njengomuntu ongavamile ophiwe ukukhuluma ngokushelelayo okukhulu, ozinikele enkolweni nakwezombangazwe, ephinde abe umvuseleli wamaCistercian, umgqugquzeli wezinguquko emphakathini wenkolo kanye nomvikeli wobupapa. Zibuye zibonise ukuzethemba kobuntu benkolo obunethonya elikhulu ekhulwini leshumi nambili, njengoSaint Augustine noSaint Thomas.
Ngenxa yemfundo enhle nezinkolelo azitholile, wathwebula isiLatini esihle kakhulu emibhalweni yakhe futhi wayengomunye wababhali abaphawuleka kakhulu besikhathi sakhe, okugqamayo phakathi kwabo: izincwadi ezingamakhulu amahlanu nezimfundiso eziningana ezinenani elikhulu elingokomoya eBandleni, ezathuthukiswa. ngendlela eqondile futhi engaguquki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezintshumayelweni ezingamakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu, phakathi kwazo, intshumayelo yezindela zeNkathi Ephakathi, eyayivuna ukwakheka kwendela nengokwengqondo.
I-Iconography kaSaint Bernard waseClairvaux
Kuthiwa azikho izithombe zakhe zangempela, kodwa kunezinhlobonhlobo zezethulo, ngokuvamile ezihambisana nezithombe zokuzinikela nokuzinikela. Ikakhulukazi, imidwebo lapho iNcasakazi imnika ubisi oluvela ebeleni njengomvuzo wokusabalalisa ukuzinikela kwakhe, ependwe ngu-Alonso Cano noMurillo, igqamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umdwebo kaKristu owamamukela ngumdwebi u-Ribalta.
Kweminye imifanekiso, u-Saint Bernard waseClairvaux ubonakala ephethe udondolo nencwadi, njengezimpawu zomsebenzi wakhe wobufundisi onekhono.
I-Divine Comedy kanye noSaint Bernard waseClairvaux
Ku-Divine Comedy, okuwumsebenzi omuhle wokubhala, uBernardo de Claraval uvela ePharadesi esuka ku-Canto XXXI. Ngenxa yomoya wakhe wokuzindla kanye nokuzinikela kwakhe kukaMarian, uyena ohola uDante ekupheleni kohambo lwakhe lokubheka uMninimandla onke nokugcina umbono wobuNkulunkulu, ebonisa imbongi imbali yendawo yabo bonke ababusisiwe, uCanto XXXII, futhi umema ukuthi abone uMama Obusisiwe njengobuso obufana kakhulu nobukaKrestu.
Ukuhlonishwa kukaSaint Bernard waseClairvaux
USanta Bernard waseClairvaux, ngenxa yokuthi wazalwa futhi ephila esikhathini lapho izinguquko ezibalulekile zenzeka khona eSontweni LamaKatolika, nokuhlanganyela kwakhe okungavamile kulezi zenzakalo, kwaqashelwa ezinye zalezo zindlela zokuthambekela njengomunye wabameleli babo abangcwele, bembonisa inhlonipho nokuhlonipha. ukwazisa, ngeqhaza lakhe elikhulu ekuziphatheni kwenkolo emabandleni amaKhatholika, amaSheshi namaLuthela.
Novena eya eSaint Bernard waseClairvaux
Njengawo wonke osanta weBandla lamaKhatholika, une-novena enamandla nenhle, okuwuchungechunge lwemithandazo okufanele iphindaphindwe esikhathini esiyizinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye zilandelana. Ngokulandelayo, sizofundisa amazwi akhe amahle.
Ngesibonakaliso se-Holy Cross ...
Umthetho Wokuphikisana
Nkosi Yami Yonke Indawo, ubaba wami onothando, wethule izindumiso nezibusiso zami kuwe; futhi ngiyazisola ngokuthi ngikonile. Ngiyethembisa ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwami futhi ngicela intethelelo yakho kuwo wonke amaphutha ami ngenxa yobuhle bakho obuhle. Nkosi, nginikela kuwe umzimba wami, izinzwa zami nomphefumulo wami kuze kube phakade, namandla akho, inkumbulo, ukuqonda kanye nentando yakho.
Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ungisebenzise, ngawo wonke amandla ami, enkonzweni nasenkazimulweni yakho. Ngibonga kakhulu ngezinzuzo zakho. Kuwe, Nkosi, umusa ongapheli, ngikuthanda ngawe, ngokuthanda komphefumulo wami; futhi ngifisa ukufunda ukuthi ngingakuthanda kanjani, njengoba zonke izingelosi nabangcwele ezulwini benithandile.
Nginikela kuMninimandla Onke, kanye nezimfanelo zakhe, kanye nalezo zendlovukazi yezingelosi kanye nalezo zikaBernardo omnandi kakhulu, yonke imisebenzi yami, amazwi nokuqonda, ngikugeza ngegazi likaKristu, umsindisi wami, okholo lwakhe nothando lwakhe engilubonisayo. ngifisa ukuphila nokufa. Amen.
Umthandazo Wokulungiselela wosuku ngalunye
O oNgcwelengcwele, uZiqu-zintathu okhazimulayo nobusisiwe kakhulu, uBaba, iNdodana noMoya oNgcwele, abantu abathathu engqikithini eyodwa, engibaqaphela njengoMbusi wami, ngiyakuthanda, ngiyakudumisa futhi ngiyakubusisa.
Ngiyakuthanda wena Somandla, wena owadala umkhathi nomhlaba, nakho konke okubonakalayo nokungabonakali. Ngiyakuthanda wena wedwa ngane, ukuhlakanipha kwengcebo, amazwi kababa, isithombe esiphelele nesingcwele emhlabeni.
Ngiyakuthanda, Moya oNgcwele, inhlanganisela yakho konke okuhle okuvela kumuntu ophakeme we-paten kanye nendodana, futhi uyisibopho sothando lweqiniso, induduzo emnandi kakhulu kanye nomcwengisisi wemiphefumulo omangalisayo. Ngiyakuthanda wena oPhezukonke nonesihe, ongenasiphelo nohlala njalo, wena odumisa bonke abangcwele nezidalwa zasezulwini.
Nginxusa abantu abathathu baphezulu, ngesithelo somphefumulo wami, ukuze wenze lezi zivivinyo engizenzayo ngokuhlonipha inceku yakho ethandekayo nommeli u-Saint Bernard, kanye neziNgelosi eziNgcwele, ezingayeki ukukunika udumo nenkazimulo. , kuze kube phakade.. Amen.
Umkhuleko Wokugcina
Bernardo othandekayo, ubaba kanye nommeli wami, lesi sipho esifushane engizoninika sona kulezi zinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi sivale ubuthakathaka bobuthakathaka bami, nginikhulumele ngobubele bukaNkulunkulu wami, ukuze ninganaki ubuthakathaka bami, noma ukuthi ngingubani, unginike, ngokuncenga kwakho, ukuthumela ngenjabulo isicelo sami ekusweleni kwami.
Ungalahli ithemba enginalo ngephethini elihle kangaka. Kuwe, baba omnandi, ngiyethemba; Ngilindele ukuncenga kuwe; futhi kini umusa kaNkulunkulu wami, ukuze ngimkhonze kulokhu kuphila futhi ngimthande kuze kube phakade. Amen.
injabulo
Uju olumnandi lodokotela, Lothando oluthambile uMaria,
Bernardo, ilanga elikhanyayo, Vikela izoni.Kuleli zwe wafika, waphucwa uJesu
Ngoba ngothando oluqhubekayo, uthwala ubuhlungu bakho:
Bernardo, ilanga elikhanyayo, Vikela izoni.Ezicukuthwaneni ezihloniphekile uthathe ubunjalo bakho
Futhi ukhanyiselwe kahle ekukhulumeni kwakhe ngokusobala
Bernardo, ilanga elikhanyayo, Vikela izoni.Ngentshiseko engcwele nengcwele. Uyala abantu abafayo,
Futhi qala ububi, yiba yisibonelo sobuhle
Bernardo, ilanga elikhanyayo, Vikela izoni.Inkolo yamaCistercian Engcwele
Umsunguli wakho uyakuthanda futhi njengoba ulula
Ngesibhakabhaka, sokucwebezela kwaso; UBernardo, ilanga elikhanyayo,
Vikela izoni.
Usuku lokuqala
Sisebenzisa ukuthobeka kwamaqembu okuqala ezingelosi ezingcwele, sabheka koPhezukonke iNkosi yethu, sasebenzisa kuwo, njengoba lemimoya emikhulu, evela esigodlweni sasezulwini, yayizothumela umsebenzi wayo ezindlini zamanxusa izinto ezincane.
Lobu buhle babonakaliswa nguSanta Bernard waseClairvaux ngobunye kangangokuthi, ngemva kokubeka yonke into futhi ecwiliswe kwalasha wokungabi nalutho kwakhe, akukho lutho olwalunganyamalala futhi lumphakamise: banikela ngababhishobhi abayisithupha nezinye izithunzi ezinkulu, futhi akekho owayefuna ukuzamukela, bezibona bengafaneleki kubo. Wayebheka njengokubalulekile ukuthi uNkulunkulu iNkosi yethu wamsebenzisa ukuze asindise imiphefumulo.
Ezikhalweni ezinkulu, akazange acabange ukuthi ucasukile ngakho-ke wathi akafuni ukuthobeka kodwa kunzima; futhi kusukela kulokhu wazalelwa ukwenza umkhuleko ngenxa yezitha zakhe eziningi nabamshushisi futhi wazama ngokuzithoba nangokuzithoba ukuze azithobe, futhi anikeze okuhle ngokubi, inzuzo ngokulinyazwa, nodumo kanye nenhlonipho ngokudelela nokuhlambalaza.
O Nkosi yami, isibonelo kanye nomklomelo wokuzithoba okukhulu, okuhlonipheke kakhulu ukunikeza inceku yakho ethandekayo uSaint Bernard, siyakuncenga ngobuqotho, ngokuncenga kwakho, ukuba usinike umusa wokudelela umhlaba nezinto eziyize zawo futhi unqobe ukuthambekela, udumo nokuhlonishwa, ukuze, endleleni yokwedelela, silandele isiphambano sakhe futhi sikwazi ukumjabulela eNkazimulweni. Amen.
Thandaza 3 Baba Wethu, 3 Dumisani uMariya kanye 1 Udumo kuChoir yokuqala yezingelosi ezingcwele.
Usuku lwesibili
Ubuhle bokulalela bukhanya emimoyeni Engcwele esiyibiza ngokuthi iziNgelosi Ezinkulu, hhayi ngenxa yobunye babo, ngoba zonke izidalwa zokukhanya zilalela kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yekhwalithi: ngoba iziNgelosi ezinkulu zinezithunywa njengezindaba ezibucayi kakhulu zebandla lasezulwini.
UBaba Wethu Okhazimulayo uSaint Bernard wayengumenzi othembeke kunabo bonke balobu buhle, hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi kwenkolo, lapho, ngokukhuthaza ukuvikela ukufika ngesikhathi kwezifungo ezintathu eziyinhloko, wayehlale enawo enhliziyweni yakhe futhi, ngokuvamile, ezindebeni zakhe, la mazwi, afanelekile. wokuphindwa ngokuqhubekayo yizo zonke izinkolo ngenxa yezibopho zethu: Bernardo, Bernardo, kungani naza enkolweni?
Kodwa nakwezebhizinisi wakwenza ngenjongo yeBandla elingaphandle kwenkolo: ngoba uSaint Bernard wayengeyena omunye walabo okwathi, ngaphansi kwesizathu sokuzinikela ekucabangeni, babalekela umsebenzi noma ngenxa yokunambitheka kwakhe okukhethekile, ngokuvamile kwavela kahle. , Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa isenzo nokucabanga, wabeka izindaba zomphakathi nokulalela ngaphambi kwezakhe, futhi ngisho nangaphambi kokuphila kwakhe siqu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, odokotela bamangala ngendlela ayezacile futhi ekhathele ngayo ngenxa yobunzima bokuzisola: wayekwazi ukunakekela noma yimuphi umsebenzi, ngokulalela, wahamba waya edolobheni lase-Étampes eMkhandlwini, owafaka konke ekuzimiseleni kwakhe, njengoba Yena. wakwenza lokho ngokumemezela u-Innocent II onguPapa oPhakeme noweqiniso noMfundisi weBandla ngokumelene no-Antipope Anacletus II.
Ngenxa yokulalela waya kabili eRoma, eMilan, eGascony; kanye nezinye izenzo eziningi ezingcwele azenza ngenxa yokulalela iBandla.
Oh Nkosi yami! Oh Nkosi yami! O, Nkosi yami!, ukuthi walalela kusukela ekuqaleni kokuphila kwakho okukhazimulayo kwaze kwaba sekufeni okuyihlazo kwesiphambano: senze ukuba sikhulumele inceku yakho ekhazimulayo uSanta Bernard elalela zonke izimiso zakho, ukuze ngokugcwaliseka kwesikhathi sifinyelele umvuthwandaba wokuhambela kwethu, enkonzweni yakho engcwele, futhi ngemva kwalokho sifanelwe ukujabulela injabulo oyinikeza abakhethiweyo bakho. Amen.
Thandaza 3 Baba Wethu, 3 Dumisa uMariya kanye 1 Udumo Ezingelosini Ezingcwele.
Usuku lwesithathu
Isikhundla sobuhle siwukuphikisa imithetho yemvelo futhi senze izimangaliso ngokuqhubekayo futhi kusukela ukholo lukaSanta Bernard waseClairvaux, njengokuqinisekisa lokho akushumayela, wenza abaningi, lolu suku lusebenza ebukhulu bokholo lwakhe.
Akulula ukusho, ngisho nokuvamile, indela yaseClairvaux, engumngane kaSaint Bernard, yabonisa ukuthi ngolunye usuku ngokubekwa kwezandla zakhe welapha izimpumputhe eziningana, izithulu kanye nabantu ababenobunzima bokuhamba.
Abanye abantu abangcwele bafuna ukubhala phansi izimangaliso ezenziwa ungcwele, futhi, eqala ukwenza kanjalo, bamshiya ehlulwe yisixuku sakhe. Ngolunye usuku wabusisa izinkwa ezimbalwa, futhi lapho esezaba, watshela labo abazithathayo, ubufakazi beqiniso engilishumayezayo buyoba ukuthi bonke abagulayo abadla lesi sinkwa bayoba nempilo.
Kwakukhona umbhishobhi owathi elungisa isiphakamiso sikaSanta wathi: Kumelwe niqonde ukuthi bayophulukisa uma bedla lesi sinkwa ngokukholwa, uNgcwele waphendula wathi: “Angikusho lokho, Nkosi, kodwa njengoba kusho amazwi ami, kubonakala sengathi. ukuthi bonke abagulayo Labo abathanda lesi sinkwa bayothola impilo, ngoba kuyaqondakala ukuthi singamanxusa asemthethweni nayiqiniso oPhezukonke.
Futhi njengoba esho, kwenzeka, ngoba bonke labo abadla leso sinkwa esibusisiwe, ngaphandle kokukhetha, baphulukiswa, ngoba uSaint Bernard wayenokholo oluningi.
Nkosi Somandla nomusa ngiyakudumisa futhi ngibonga kakhulu ngoba wangikhipha ezeni, ngoba wangihlenga ngegazi elinamandla lendodana yakho, ngoba wangenza umKrestu futhi wanikeza lonke ulwazi lokukholwa kwakho okungcwele nezimfundiso zakho. lebandla lakho.
Kukho konke lokhu, ngaphendula ngokungabongi, engizisola ngakho futhi ngicela intethelelo: Ngithandazela ukuncenga kwenceku yakho emangalisayo noyise uBernard, ngobuningi bezithelo, kanye nemisebenzi emihle yokuvuselela ukholo, ukuze sonke sibeke ithemba. futhi siyojabulela induduzo kulokhu kuphila nokuphumula okuphakade kokuzayo. Amen.
Thandaza 3 Baba Wethu, 3 Dumisani uMariya kanye 1 Inkazimulo Ebuhleni Bengelosi.
Usuku lwesine
Amandla yilabo buhlakani obungcwele, abathokozela ngesikhundla sokuyala izingelosi ezinhle ezengamele imibuso namandla, futhi zimelana nobunzima; yomibili imisebenzi yabonwa empilweni ebabazekayo kaSaint Bernard, enomona ngodumo lweNkosi Yethu, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sinikezela lolu suku kuleyo ntshiseko.
Ukuphikiswa akwenza emandleni aphikisayo, kwashiwo umhlubuki u-Abelard, osevele waxwayiswa nguSanta, ngokuzithoba nangokuyimfihlo, ukuba ahoxise imibono emisha, engamanga neyingozi ayeyisakaze; esevele ephethwe futhi eqiniseka ngoNgcwele, eMkhandlwini ogujwa kuleyo ndawo eFrance; Ake sithi uPorretano, owaphikisana noNgcwele eMkhandlwini waseReims, weza ezoveza amaphutha ayewafundisile.
Ukugcotshwa kwezingelosi ezinhle kunyatheliswa emibhalweni yakhe, njengencwadi edumile ayibiza ngokuthi Ukucabangela, umfundi wakhe uPapa Eugene III afundisa ngayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqiniso lishiwo ukuthi wasiza umfundisi waseTrier, owayeye eClairvaux, futhi waziphonsa ezinyaweni zikababa ongcwele, wamncenga ukuba alungise ukungaboni ngaso linye okungathi sína izimvu zakhe.
USanta Bernard wamphelezela, nakuba wayesembhedeni wakhe elungiselela ukufa, okwenza izindleko zaloluhambo zibe uMninimandla Onke weNkosi yethu, owamnika amandla ngokungazelelwe lolosuku, ngoba wakuthatha njengodumo nenkonzo yakhe.
O isibuko esikhulu sobuhle, ukuhlakanipha kweNkosi, ngenxa yentshiseko evuthayo yodumo lwakho oyinikeze inceku yakho ethandekayo uSaint Bernard, siyakucela ukuba usitshele umuzwa weqiniso wokuthi sisabela ngaphandle kokubonga ezinzuzweni zakho.
Nokuthi umhlaba wonke awukuthandi ngothando oluhambisana nezinzuzo ezingenakubalwa ozithola njalo emseni wakho omkhulu. Msebenzise, Nkosi, unathi manje, nangesikhathi esisilindeleyo, ekuhambeni kwethu. Amen.
Thandaza 3 Baba Wethu, 3 Dumisani uMariya kanye 1 Inkazimulo emandleni.
Usuku lwesihlanu
Abaphathi yileyo mimoya ekhazimulayo enquma ukuthi yini amakholwa okumelwe ayenze, engamele, futhi njengoba etholakala kuSaint Bernard onguyise okhazimulayo, imibhalo yaphezulu yezikhonzi zakhe, lolu suku lwesihlanu silunikezela kubo.
Kwakusekuqaleni kombuso wakhe lapho wayeqinile futhi eshiseka kangangokuthi lapho ethola i-novice, into yokuqala ayitshela ukuthi ashiye umzimba wakhe nayo yonke imikhuba yawo emibi ngaphandle kwesigodlo futhi angene nomoya wakhe kuphela.
Lapho evuma izindela zakhe, noma yiliphi iphutha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lincane kangakanani, lalibonakala lingathi sína kuye, futhi wacela kubo bonke ukuphelela okukhulu, abaningi babo okwasusa ithemba lokufeza isifiso sokukufuna. Kodwa ngemva kokubona umntwana, owayebonakala embethe ukukhanya kwasezulwini, wathola umusa omusha nesipho esiyingqayizivele sokuthamba nobumnandi.
O onomusa! O Mhlengi oNgcwele oNgcwele, Nkosi yami, isivikelo, ukunakekela kwami kuzo zonke izinkinga zami, ukukhanya kwami nokuqondisa kukho konke ukungabaza kwami! Ngenxa yezimfanelo zendodana yakho ethandekayo uSaint Bernard, kufanele ube nokuhlakanipha kweqiniso nokuqondisa ezindabeni eziyinhloko zomphefumulo wami, okuyinsindiso yakhe. Kulokho, ngiyakucela, Nkosi, ukuba uphile futhi ubusa noPhezukonke noMoya oNgcwele, kuze kube phakade. Amen.
Thandaza 3 Baba Wethu, 3 Dumisani uMariya kanye 1 Udumo Kuzikhulu.
Usuku lwesithupha
Ukubusa kunezici ezimbili emisebenzini yakhe yezentengiselwano, ngoba isetshenziswa eqinisweni lokuthi asicindezelwa, futhi ekulawuleni eminye imimoya, futhi njengoba enye nenye isemiphumeleni yomthandazo kababa wethu uBernard, usetshenziswa isikhundla saleyo mimoya yobukhosi.
Akugcinanga ngokukhulula umkhuleko kaSaint Bernard ebudloveni, kodwa yayala ngokuphumelelayo imimoya emibi ukuba ishiye imizimba yalabo ababenabo futhi yasuka ngaso leso sikhathi; futhi ngisho kanye esebenza njengesondo elinomzimba omangalisayo wenqola lapho ongcwele ayezoqamba khona ukuphikiswa okuthile, ukuze avimbele ububi bakhe kokuhle okwalandela ukudambisa lokho kungezwani.
O, intokozo yokuqonda, Nkosi yami, beka amehlo omusa wakho wobuNkulunkulu ekucabangeni kwakho owakhonzwa ukuba unikele inceku yakho enethalente kanye noBaba wami oNgcwele uBernard, futhi ngokuncenga kwakho, ngikhonze kuwe, unginike lowo ekwazi ukusiza umkhuleko, afundiswe imisebenzi engcwele, okuwukuvuka ukuze azuze umqhele wabakhethiweyo. Amen.
Thandaza 3 Baba Wethu, 3 Dumisani uMariya kanye 1 Udumo Ezimbusweni.
Usuku lwesikhombisa
Izihlalo zobukhosi ziyimimoya egcwele umusa, ukuze ubukhosi baphezulu buzwakale kuzo, ngakho-ke sizinikela ebumsulwa obubabazekayo bukababa wethu uSaint Bernard waseClairvaux namuhla.
Lokho ungcwele akwazisa ngalobu buhle, kungabonakala kakade kulokho kuzithoba nokuzola okungavamile ayevale ngakho zonke izinzwa, ngoba umbono wawunganele ukuchaza ichibi lapho ongcwele ayehambe khona usuku lonke, lokho kunambitha ayengakwazi. hhayi ukuhlukanisa ingilazi enkulu yamafutha ukuthi ungcwele waphuza amanzi.
Ngaleyo ndlela wayevala amafasitela, lapho babekwazi ukweba ingcebo yokubonga kwakhe okukhulu, inkulumo eyasetshenziswa uNgcwele lapho owesifazane odelelayo efuna ukungcolisa i-ermine yobumsulwa bakhe, ngoba waqala ukumemeza, amasela, amasela, futhi. abantu beza baqeda leyo ngozi.
Mninimandla Onke, sithandwa sokuhlanzeka okungcwele, owanikela ngakho inceku yakho ethandekayo uSaint Bernard, siyakuncenga, ozinikele enkonzweni yakho engcwele, ngonembeza ohlanzekile nokuhlanzwa kwenhliziyo, ugcine izingqondo zethu ukuze ulondoloze ngosizo lwakho ubuhle. yobumsulwa, ukuze, ngokunqoba phezu kwenyama, isitha esinonya semiphefumulo yethu, sifanele ukuzuza injabulo yaphakade. Amen.
Thandaza 3 Baba Wethu, 3 Dumisani uMariya kanye 1 Udumo Ezihlalweni zobukhosi.
Usuku lwesishiyagalombili
Amakherubi ahumusha ukugcwala kwesayensi, futhi ebheka lokho kukababa wethu okhazimulayo uSaint Bernard, lolu suku lumfanele. Ngesayensi yabangcwele, kwashiwo okuthile ngezinye izinsuku, ngesayensi yoMbhalo nezimfihlakalo eziphakeme zemfundiso yenkolo, wathi oNgcwele, ekade eyedwa ezikoleni zakhe, othisha bakhe izihlahla nokufunda kwakhe umthandazo. kanye nokuzindla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe, lapho amazwi nezeluleko zeNcwadi eNgcwele kwaziwa ukuthi ziphathwa ngokugqama, njengoba ebhala, hhayi njengowacaphuna, kodwa njengalowo okhethile, waqondisa futhi waguqula. .
O Nkosi, induduzo yeqiniso yomphefumulo wami, ukuhlakanipha okukhulu, oye wakhuluma ngakho nenceku yakho ethandekayo uSaint Bernard waseClairvaux, wamguqula waba udokotela weBandla onamandla futhi wamnika ubumnandi obukhethekile kulokho akushilo nakuloba mayelana nobuhle bakho obuhle kakhulu. Umama, Indlovukazi Yezingelosi, Inkosikazi Yethu. Amen.
Thandaza 3 Baba Wethu, 3 Dumisani uMariya kanye 1 Udumo kumaKherubi.
usuku lwesishiyagalolunye
Ngamaserafi avutha ngothando; noSaint Bernard wayeyiSerafi enyameni. Ofakazi abathembekile yilabo uthando olunozwelo okuthi, uma ecabanga ngezinhlungu nokuhlambalaza kweNkosi yethu ebethelwe esiphambanweni, encibilikiswe ukukhathazeka, wabenza lobo lusizi lwaba olwakhe uthando kangangokuthi lowo owamamukela wayemfanele, futhi esondelene naye, ahlangane naye. isithandwa sakhe..
Ufakazi othembekile yinjabulo emnandi ayefanele ukuphiwa ngayo igazi elivela ohlangothini lukaKristu kanye nobisi olumsulwa oluvela esibelethweni sikamama esingcwele kakhulu.
Izakhi zingofakazi abathembekile, akukhona ngaphandle kwezimfihlakalo ukuthi ingeyokuqala yazo zonke izincwadi zikaSaint Bernard, leyo ayibhalela umshana wakhe uRoberto, ngoba ngenkathi usanta etshela uketshezi oluyigugu oluvela ezulwini lwaqala ukuwa kakhulu futhi unobhala wayefuna. ukubuyisela iphepha wathi, nanku umsebenzi weNkosi, bhala ungesabi.
Wabe esebhala incwadi yakhe waqeda phakathi emanzini engasamanzi, ngoba uthando olwaholela uBaba ongcwele uBernard ongcwele ukuba asho incwadi, yilo olungenakucinywa ngamanzi.
O Nkosi yami, ngenze ngibonge umusa wakho ongapheli ngakho konke ukukuthanda komphefumulo wami kuwe, futhi ungiphe ngokuncenga kobuhle bami obungcwele kakhulu, ezithandweni eziyisishiyagalolunye zezidalwa zokukhanya, ngoSanta Bernard wakho othandekayo, the inzuzo engiyicela kuwe uma iholela ekusindisweni kwami.
Nika, Nkosi, ukuthula nokuzwana ezikhulwini ezingamaKristu; ngqo kohulumeni babo kuzo zonke izikhulu zesonto; nciphisa abangakholwayo emthethweni wethu ongcwele, abahlukanisi beBandla lethu eliNgcwele, nalabo abasesonweni ekuphendukeni kweqiniso.
Yiba nomusa Nkosi, wemiphefumulo ehlanza amaphutha ayo, thatha okuhle ukuze ungivikele, ungivikele futhi ungikhulule emaqhingeni, ezibopho nasebubini bezitha zami ezibonakalayo nezingabonakali, manje naphakade. Amen.
Thandaza 3 Baba Wethu, 3 Dumisa uMariya kanye 1 Udumo kumaSerafi.
Uma ubuthanda le ndatshana ngeSaint Bernard waseClairvaux, sincoma futhi izihloko ezilandelayo: