Kuso sonke lesi sihloko uzothola impilo nomsebenzi womlingiswa waseBhayibhelini owaziwa ngokuthi: UPawuli oNgcwele waseTarsu. Indoda okwathi ngemva kokuba umshushisi wamaKristu, yaba umshumayeli oshiseka kakhulu wevangeli leNkosi uJesu.
UPawuli oNgcwele waseTarsu
UPawuli oNgcwele waseTarsu noma uSawulu waseTarsu wayeyindoda eyingxenye yehlelo lamaJuda elaziwa ngokuthi abaFarisi. Abalandeli bale mfundiso yobuJuda yabaFarisi babengabashushisi abashisekayo bakaJesu waseNazaretha ngesikhathi ehlala emhlabeni.
USawulu waseTarsu waqeqeshwa emfundisweni yabaFarisi futhi ebusheni bakhe wahileleka ekushushiseni amaKristu okuqala kwamaJuda.
Uma uthole lokhu okuthunyelwe kuthakazelisa, sikumema ukuthi ufunde kabanzi ngalesi sihloko lapha Ukushushiswa kwamaKristu: indaba yokwesaba nobuhlungu.
Lapho ungathola khona ukuthi kwakunjani ukushushiswa kobuKristu, hhayi kuphela labo ababehlushwa ibandla lasendulo ngezikhathi zoMbuso WamaRoma. Kodwa uzokwazi nalabo abahlupheka ezikhathini zanamuhla, nalabo abantu abangamaKristu abasahlupheka nanamuhla.
Umsebenzi wokushushisa kaSawulu waseTarsu kumaKristu waphela lapho uJesu ovusiwe ebonakala kuye, lapho esendleleni eya eDamaseku. Ngemva kwalomhlangano wobuso nobuso kaSawulu noJesu, kusukela lapho ukuphendukela kwakhe ebuKristwini kwenzeka, ethatha igama elaqanjwa iNkosi kaSaint uPawulu waseTarsu.
Njengoba izelwe kabusha ngemva kokuba isipiliyoni siphila ebukhoneni bukaJesu, indoda entsha uPawulu waseTarsu yaba umgqugquzeli nommemezeli oshiseka kakhulu wokholo lobuKristu. Ukholo olwalunesibopho sokusakazeka hhayi eJerusalema kuphela kodwa nasezifundeni ezingalé kwalo, ngohambo lwezithunywa zevangeli.
Ngaloluhambo lwezithunywa zevangeli uPawulu waseTarsu wazuza ukuguqulwa kwenani elikhulu labantu bezizwe ebuKristwini. Le ndoda futhi yayingumsunguli wezimfundiso eziyisisekelo zezimfundiso zobuKristu.
Izimfundiso ezashuthelwa izizukulwane ngezizukulwane ezincwadini zabaphostoli eziyi-14 eziqukethwe eTestamenteni Elisha leBhayibheli.
Umlando kaSaint Paul waseTarsu
UPawuli oNgcwele waseTarsu igama lakhe lokuzalwa kwakunguSawulu wemvelaphi yesiHeberu futhi njengoba igama eliqanjwe igama lakhe lisho, wazalelwa eTarsu, idolobha elikhulu lesifundazwe saseRoma iKhilikhiya, okwamanje iTurkey. Ukuzalwa kukaSawule kukholakala ukuthi kwakuphakathi kuka-AD 5 no-10.
Ulwazi lwalenkathi yokuzalwa engenzeka lukhishwe ezinye izazi-mlando encwadini uPawulu ayibhalela uFilemoni ngesikhathi eboshiwe e-Efesu:
UFILEMONI 9 IBHAYIBHELI ELINGCWELE Ngincamela ukukuncenga egameni lothando. Mina, uPawulu, Indoda endala futhi manje futhi isiboshwa kaKristu Jesu,
Usuku lokubhalwa kwalencwadi lulinganiselwa phakathi kwawo-50s AD e-Efesu, noma ekuqaleni kwawo-60s eKhesariya noma eRoma.
Ngalezo zikhathi umuntu wayebhekwa njengomuntu omdala lapho efinyelela eminyakeni engama-50 noma engu-60 ubudala, kusukela lapha kulandela ukuthi uPawulu oNgcwele waseTarsu wazalwa eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu lokuqala, kangangokuthi wayephila ngesikhathi seNkosi uJesu.
Umvangeli uLucas encwadini yeZenzo, naye uqinisekisa ukuvela noma umsuka kaPawulu. Ulwazi olunekhredithi okufanele luthathwe njengeqiniso:
Izenzo 9:11 ZULXNUMX - Hamba, uye endlini kaJuda, emgwaqweni othiwa oQondile, ucele uSawulu waseTarsu. Uyakhuleka.
Kufakazela nokuthi isiGreki kwakuwulimi lukaPawulu lwebele, umkhiqizo wokwaziswa okwanikezwa ibalazwe lasePalestina ngesikhathi uJesu, ngokuhlakazeka kwamaJuda emazweni amaGreki nawamaRoma.
Funda kabanzi lapha mayelana ibalazwe lasePalestine ngesikhathi sikaJesu, lapho uzofunda khona inhlangano yabo yezombangazwe, izimfundiso zenkolo ezikhona, amaqembu omphakathi, njll.
ITarsu yanikeza ilungelo lokuba isakhamuzi saseRoma ngokuzalwa, ngakho uPawulu wayeyisakhamuzi saseRoma nakuba ayeyindodana yamaJuda.
Umndeni, isiko kanye nemfundo
UPawulu oNgcwele waseTarsu ekuqaleni uSawulu wazalelwa emndenini wamaJuda wezingcweti zezandla eziphumelelayo, uyise wawo wayengowehlelo noma iqembu elikhethiwe labaFarisi. Ngakho-ke uPawulu wayenesiko lamaJuda nelamaFarisi ngokozalo lwesizukulwane, kodwa lapho azalelwa khona ukuthi uyisakhamuzi kwakungumRoma.
Lapho eseqede izifundo zakhe eziyinhloko eTarsu, ngesiko lamaJuda, uSawulu wathunyelwa uyise eJerusalema ukuba ayoqhubeka nezifundo zakhe nezazi ezingcono kakhulu zomthetho wamaJuda. Lapho eseJerusalema, uSawule waba umfundi kaRabi uGamaliyeli, owayengumzukulu kaHillel, umanduleli wesinye sezikole ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimfundiso zabaFarisi, indlu kaBeit Hillel.
Ngale ndlela uSawulu uthola ukuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo okuhlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi kulokho okubhekiselwe emfundisweni yezenkolo, ifilosofi, umthetho kanye nezomnotho. Ngaphezu kokufundiswa ngezinye izilimi ngaphandle kwesiGreki esingumama, njengesiLatini, isiHebheru nesi-Aramu sasendulo.
USawulu waseTarsu umshushisi wamaKristu
Nakuba uSawulu ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe ebhekwa njengowayephila ngesikhathi sikaJesu; Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi wayengahlali eJerusalema ngesikhathi sokubethelwa kweNkosi, cishe ngonyaka wama-30 wekhulu lokuqala. Nokho, ngokuvumelana nokuqeqeshwa okuqinile ngokwedlulele kwemfundiso yabaFarisi uSawulu ayekutholile, wamenza umholi oshushisa amaKristu okuqala avela ngemva kokubethelwa kukaKristu Jesu.
Ngalezo zikhathi umphakathi wamaKristu osafufusa wawubhekwa amaJuda njengehlelo elihlubukayo, elinemfundiso ephikisanayo nemfundiso yamaJuda. Ngokungaguquguquki okungokwesiko uSawulu ayenakho, wamenza waba khona ekubulaweni komfel’ ukholo wokuqala ongumKristu owaziwa ngokuthi uStefanu.
Ukubulawa okwenzeka eJerusalema ngonyaka wama-36 ngemva kukaKristu, ngokwencwadi yezEnzo zabaphostoli, kwembula ukuba khona nesenzo sikaSawulu ekufeni komfel’ ukholo uStefanu:
Izenzo 7:58 ZULXNUMX - Bamkhiphela ngaphandle kwedolobha, bamkhanda ngamatshe. abamangaleli balaya izingubo zabo ensizwa egama layo linguSawule.
IzEnzo 8:1 (NIV): Futhi USawule wayekhona, evumelana nokubulawa kukaStefanu.
IzEnzo 8:2-3 (NIV): Abanye abantu abesaba uNkulunkulu Bamngcwaba u-Esteban bamenzela isililo esikhulu. 3 USawuleOkwamanje, kwadala umonakalo ebandleni: ukungena endlini ngendlu, wadonsa amadoda nabesifazane wabavalela ejele.
Ukuphenduka kukaSawulu waseTarsu
Ukuguqulelwa kukaSawulu waseTarsu ebuKristwini kulandiswe esahlukweni 9 sencwadi yezenzo eya kubaphostoli. Le nqubo iqala lapho uSawulu ehamba futhi evela phambi kompristi omkhulu, ukuze amnikeze izincwadi ezingokomthetho zokubuyisela eziya emasinagogeni aseDamaseku.
Inhloso kaSawulu kwakuwukufuna, ukubabopha futhi abayise eJerusalema bayoquliswa amacala, bonke labo ababethi balandela imfundiso yeNdlela, njengoba laziwa kanjalo ibandla lamaKristu okuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangamadoda noma abesifazane. Umkhandlu weSanhedrini yakwa-Israyeli wagunyaza ukuthunywa kukaSawule, futhi uya eDamaseku.
Nokho, endleleni eya eDamaseku, uSawulu uhlangabezana nokwambulwa okumangalisayo kwamandla kaNkulunkulu ngokubona uJesu ovusiwe. Ubukhona obuzibonakalisa ngendlela yokukhanya okungaqondakali, okunamandla kangangokuthi kuyamphuphuthekisa futhi kumenze aguqe phansi; Ngokwencwadi yezEnzo kanye nemibhalo kaPawulu eminingana ezincwadini zakhe, kwakunguJesu Kristu ovusiwe owabonakala kuye.
INkosi uJesu yamsola uPawulu ngokuziphatha kwakhe yathi: “Sawulu, ungizingelelani na?” USawulu naye uthola ubizo lokuba inceku yeNkosi njengomphostoli wabezizwe, abantu abangamaJuda, ukuze ashumayele isigijimi sakhe sensindiso phakathi bona.
Ngemva kwalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwaphezulu, kakade eguqulelwe kuSaint Paul waseTarsu, uthola ukuxhumana nemiphakathi yamaKristu esifundeni. Ube esechitha isikhathi e-cloister ogwadule, lapho ejula futhi eqinisekisa isisekelo sokholo lwakhe asanda kutholwa.
UPawulu emuva eDamaseku manje ushushiswa ngokungathi sína yilabo ababeshiseka ngokweqile abangamaJuda. Lokhu kumenza ukuba ashiye isinyenyela edolobheni ngonyaka wama-39 ngemva kukaKristu.
UPawuli oNgcwele waseTarsu umPhostoli kwabezizwe
Ngemva kokushiya umuzi waseDamaseku ecashile, uPawulu uya eJerusalema futhi uthintana noPetru nabanye abaphostoli bakaJesu. Ekuqaleni lobu budlelwane babungelula kakhulu ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe kwangaphambilini kokushushisa amaKristu eMzini Ongcwele.
Omunye wamadiyakoni ogama lakhe linguBernabé, ngenxa yokuthi wayemazi noma mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi wayeyisihlobo, wakhonza njengombambeli kaPablo de Tarso phambi komphakathi wamaKristu waseJerusalema; kamuva umphostoli ubuyela edolobheni lakubo futhi uzinikele ekushumayeleni isigijimi sikaJesu kuze kube unyaka wama-43 ngemva kukaKristu, lapho uBarnaba eza kuye. Inhloso kaBarnaba yokufuna uPawulu eTarsu kwakungenxa yokuthi babemiswe ukuya e-Antiyokiya ngaleso sikhathi besuka eSiriya.
I-Antiyokiya kwakuyidolobha lanamuhla nelichumayo lapho kwakuvela khona inani elikhulu labalandeli besigijimi sikaJesu, ababengabeZizwe noma abangemaJuda. Kukulo muzi lapho abalandeli bakaKristu Jesu banikezwa khona ukufaneleka kwamaKristu ngokokuqala ngqá.
Umsebenzi kaPawulu noBarnaba wawuwukusiza nokusiza umphakathi wamaKristu ase-Antiyokiya ngokusekelwa yilabo baseJerusalema. Izintshumayelo zikaPawuli oNgcwele waseTarsu azenza ngokulandelana ehambela amasinagoge ahlukene amaJuda; Ayemukelwanga kahle futhi cishe njalo yayiphela ngokwehluleka okuphelele.
Ekuqaleni ayembalwa kakhulu amaHeberu akwazi ukwamukela inkolo yobuKristu ekushumayeleni kukaPawulu oNgcwele waseTarsu. Nakuba izimfundiso zakhe zazisebenza kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bezizwe, kanye nabantu abangenandaba ababengazi lutho ngenkolo yobuJuda.
uhambo lwemishini
UPawulu oNgcwele waseTarsu, kanye noBarnaba, baqala uhambo lwezithunywa zevangeli ezintathu benqamula e-Asia Minor nakwezinye izifunda zensimu yasePalestina besuka e-Antiyokiya. Lolu hambo lwezithunywa zevangeli lwavakashela amadolobha achazwe ngezansi:
Uhambo lokuqala
Loluhambo lwayisa uPawulu noBarnaba eKhupro ngonyaka ka-46 ngemva kukaKristu, futhi kamuva baya emadolobheni amaningana ase-Asia Minor. Igama-mbumbulu elisha elatholwa umphostoli, okwakuyigama lakhe lesibili lemvelaphi yesiLatini elithi Paul noma uPaulus, ngenxa yokuthi linencazelo yalo yesiRoma, lamvumela ukuba athuthukise kangcono umsebenzi wakhe phakathi kwabantu bezizwe.
Umsebenzi kaPawulu wavumela isigijimi sikaJesu ukuba siphume endaweni yamaJuda, yasePalestine, ngaleyondlela sibe isigijimi sendawo yonke. Kulolu hambo lokuqala, imiphakathi yamaKristu noma amabandla nawo asungulwa ePherge, e-Antiyokiya ePhisidiya, eListra, e-Ikoniyu naseDerbe eLikawoniya.
Enye yempumelelo yalo msebenzi wokushumayela womphostoli uPawulu kwakuwukuvumela ukuba kubekwe umbono wokuthi amaKristu abeZizwe kufanele ahlonishwe njengamaJuda. Ngoba uPawulu wagomela ngokuthi ukuhlengwa ngomusa kaKristu kwakumelela ukushona kwelanga kokugcina koMthetho KaMose futhi kwakhulula abeZizwe esibophweni sokuhambisana nemikhuba ehlukahlukene yobuJuda.
Uhambo lwesibili
Kwenziwe phakathi kuka-50 no-53 ngemva kukaKristu, amasonto obuKristu ase-Anatolia avakashelwa, avakashela ingxenye yeGalathiya, kanye namadolobha athile esifunda sase-Asiya. Kamuva baya eMakedoniya nase-Akhaya, ukushunyayelwa kwevangeli kwenziwa ngokukhethekile emadolobheni anjengeFilippo, iThesalonika, iBereya neKorinte.
Ngokufanayo, i-Athene yavakashelwa uSanta uPawulu waseTarsu kuloluhambo, lapho akhipha khona inkulumo edumile yaseAreyophagu, elwa nefilosofi yamaStoyiku. Ngesikhathi uPawulu eseKorinte, ngokunokwenzeka waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomlobi, ebhala iNcwadi yokuqala neyesibili eya kwabaseThesalonika.
Ukuhamba kwesithathu
Uhambo olwathatha phakathi kweminyaka engu-53 no-58 ngemva kukaKristu, ngivakashela imiphakathi yase-Asia Minor. Kamuva waqhubeka edabula eMakedoniya nase-Akhaya, umuzi wase-Efesu ukhethwa njengesikhungo saloluhambo futhi uPawulu wahlala kuwo iminyaka engaba mithathu.
UPawulu ese-Efesu wabhala incwadi yokuqala eya kwabaseKorinte, lapho bubonakala khona ngokucacile ubunzima obubhekana nabo ukholo lobuKristu endaweni ekhululekile nengenangqondo njengaleyo yalowo muzi; Ezinye izazi-mlando zithi idolobha lase-Efesu laliyindawo uPawulu alobela kuyo incwadi eya kwabaseGalathiya kanye naleyo eya kwabaseFilipi. Kulolu hambo futhi ngemva nje kokuba eseMakedoniya, umphostoli ubhala incwadi yesibili eya kwabaseKorinte.
Kamuva, lapho eseKorinte, umphostoli uthumela incwadi ephathelene nezimfundiso kwabaseRoma. Kulencwadi, uPawulu ugcizelela futhi uthinta ngokujulile isihloko sobuhlobo phakathi kokholo nemisebenzi ngokuphathelene nensindiso, elungiselela imiphakathi yamaKristu ekuhambeleni okuzayo eRoma.
Iminyaka edlule
Lapho uPawulu eya eJerusalema eyoletha umnikelo omkhulu womphakathi wamaKristu othobekile wakulowo muzi, uthathwa njengesiboshwa. EJerusalema umphostoli uchitha iminyaka emibili eboshwe amasosha amaRoma.
Kamuva banquma ukumthumela egadwe kakhulu emkhunjini oya eRoma, ngenjongo yokuba izinkantolo zoMbusi uNero zikhiphe isinqumo ngoPawulu. Uhambo lwasolwandle lwaphawulwa ngeziqephu ezibalulekile njengokuphahlazeka komkhumbi kanye nensindiso eyisimangaliso.
Lokhu kusindiswa okuyisimangaliso kwabasebenzi bomkhumbi kwenza umphostoli waba udumo emehlweni abagcini bakhe. Phakathi kweminyaka yama-61 no-63, uPawuli oNgcwele waseTarsu wayehlala eRoma, ngesinye isikhathi esejele nesinye eboshiwe ekhaya ngokuvivinywa nokuboshwa kwangasese. Kulokhu kuthunjwa kwamaRoma, uPawulu wabhala incwadi eya kwabase-Efesu, kwabaseKolose, nakuFilemoni.
Izinkantolo zamkhulula umphostoli ngenxa yokungawabheki njengokuqina amacala ayebekwe wona. UPablo uqala kabusha inkonzo yakhe futhi ushumayela ivangeli eKrethe, e-Illyria nase-Akhaya; abanye bayaqinisekisa ukuthi angaba seSpain.
Kusukela kulolusuku incwadi yokuqala eya kuThimothewu kanye naleyo eya kuThithu, kulezi zincwadi umsebenzi wokuhlela ojulile weBandla ubonwa ngumphostoli uPawulu.
Ukufa kukaSaint Paul waseTarsu
UPablo waphinde waboshwa ngo-66, lapho esolwa umzalwane wamanga wenkolo yobuKristu. Isiboshwa saseRoma sibhala incwadi ethinta inhliziyo kunazo zonke, iNcwadi yesibili eya kuThimothewu.
Lapho umphostoli ezwakalisa kuThimothewu isifiso sakhe kuphela sokuhlushwa ngenxa kaKristu futhi anikele ngokuphila kwakhe ngenxa yeBandla. Eboshiwe, umphostoli wazizwa elahliwe yibo bonke ngokobuntu, wabe esegwetshelwa ukufa; njengoba lalifana nesakhamuzi saseRoma, esasinqunywe ikhanda ngenkemba, cishe ngonyaka ka-67 ngemva kukaKristu.
Umcabango kaSaint Paul waseTarsu
Umcabango kaSaint Paul waseTarsu wasungulwa ezincwadini zakhe, lapho asungula khona isisekelo semfundiso nenkolo yobuKristu. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe owawuncomeka ngempela kwakuwukuba umhumushi nomanduleli wesigijimi seNkosi uJesu.
UPawuli oNgcwele waseTarsu utuswa ngethuba lokuhlukanisa phakathi kobuKristu nobuJuda. Emsebenzini wakhe wokushumayela ivangeli, uPawulu wasakaza umcabango wakhe wemfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu, iphuzu lawo okwakugxile kuwo wonke umhlaba wokuhlengwa kanye nesivumelwano esisha ngaphansi komusa owamiswa nguKristu, oweqa umthetho kaMose omdala.
Qhubeka nathi ufunda Wazalelwaphi uJesu waseNazaretha?: Ukuphila, izimangaliso nokunye okuningi, ukwazi ngokujulile ukuphila kwendodana kaNkulunkulu.
