I-Patagonian Mara iyigundane elikhulu elitholakala kuphela ePatagonia yase-Argentina. Iwuhlobo lwezilwane ezihlala umfazi oyedwa ezinomgodi ngaphansi komhlaba futhi ludla ikakhulukazi utshani. Ukubukeka kwayo kuvame ukudidaniswa nonogwaja. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngale gundane, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda lesi sihloko.
I-Patagonian Mara
Esifundeni sase-Patagonia e-Argentina kuhlala isilwane esifana kakhulu nonogwaja, kodwa okuqinisekileyo ukuthi igundane elinobukhulu obuphawulekayo. Sikhuluma nge-mara, isilwane esihlala njalo, esine-monogamous and herbivorous, njengezinja, ngokuvamile esihlala ngemuva, nemilenze yaso yangaphambili inwetshiwe.
I-mara, egama layo lesayensi i-Dolichotis patagonum, iwuhlobo lwegundane lomndeni wakwaCaviidae, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi iPatagonian mara, iPatagonian hare, kanye noCreole hare, nakuba ingeyona ingxenye yokuhleleka konogwaja bangempela (Lagomorpha) . .
Ibhekwa njengenye yamagundane amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-8 esingafinyelela ku-16 kilogram. Ingenye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezivamile e-Argentina ukuthi, ngaphezu kokuba zikhulu, zinemilenze emide neqinile ezisebenzisayo ukugijima ngokushesha lapho izizwa ishushiswa.
Izici Zomzimba
Incazelo elula yePatagonian mara isiza ukuthola umbono wezimpawu zayo zomzimba:
- I-Largo: kusuka ku-60 kuya ku-75 amasentimitha.
- Isisindo: kusuka ku-9 kuya ku-16 kilogram.
- Uboya: ugqinsi olumpunga olunsundu.
- Ikhanda: Ngevolumu namehlo amakhulu, izindlebe ezinde kanye nekhala eliyisicaba, eliyindilinga. Udebe olungenhla lunomfantu.
- Iziphetho: mncane. Ezakamuva ziningi kunezangaphambili; futhi ubonise izinzwane ezine ezimfishane ngaphambili nezithathu ngemuva, kanye namaphedi aqhumile ukuze asekele.
- I-Cola: kufushane futhi kufihlwe uboya. Ithiphu ayinaboya.
Habitat
I-mara ihlala emathafeni asogwadule nayincithakalo asentshonalanga, enkabeni, naseningizimu ye-Argentina lapho kukhona izihlahla ezinameva kuphela, amakhambi namahlozi. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kwehlile ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwendawo yayo yokuhlala, ikakhulukazi ethafeni lasePampas nasezifundeni ezisogwini, ngenxa yokwanda kwentuthuko yasemadolobheni.
Isakhiwo somphakathi
Isakhiwo sabo senhlalo sichazwa isimo sazo sokushada nomuntu oyedwa, okuyinto eyivelakancane phakathi kwamagundane, njengoba eshada impilo yonke, ngaleyo ndlela andise impumelelo yawo yokuzala. Laba babili bafika bazohlala endaweni engaba amahektha angama-40, isiphephelo sabo singaphansi komhlaba futhi ngokuvamile bayakha besebenzisa izidleke ezilahliwe ngaphambili ezazimbiwa ezinye izinhlobo zezikhova zasePatagonian.
Eyeduna ivamise ukulandela insikazi, iyivikele ezincintisaneni nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Omunye umqondo wendawo awucacile, kodwa abesilisa babonakala benesistimu yokubusa yesigaba.
Ama-maras achitha isikhathi esiningi nophathina wawo, behambela ukuvakasha njengombhangqwana. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi zihamba ngamaqembu amakhulu anezibonelo ezingu-70 noma ngaphezulu lapho zithuthela ezindaweni zamachibi lapho kunokudla khona, ziyizidalwa ezenza imisebenzi yazo usuku lonke.
Ukudla
Iwuhlobo oludla uhlaza, njengoba idla utshani nezinye izitshalo, futhi ingaphila ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi ngenxa yemetabolism yayo.
Ukukhwelana Nokukhiqiza
Ukuze baqome abashade nabo bakusasa, abesilisa kufanele benze umzamo omkhulu wokubajaha isikhathi eside. Ehlangothini lazo, ezinsikazi zingena ekushiseni njalo ngemva kwekota noma izinyanga ezine. I-Maras ivamise ukuzala umdlwane o-1 ukuya kwa-3 ilitha ngalinye, ngokuzala okuthathu kuya kwezine unyaka ngamunye kanye nokumitha okungahlala izinsuku ezingama-96.
Amawundlu akhulela emgodini womphakathi, owakhiwe ama-maras ngokwawo, nakuba engakwazi futhi ukulungisa lawo ashiywe ezinye izilwane; isibonelo, i-vizcacha. Kulezi zindawo zokukhosela omama abangaba ngu-15 bangakwazi ukunakekela udoti wabo.
Akhula ngokushesha futhi angaqala ukudla utshani phakathi namahora angama-24 echanyuselwe. Nokho, zihlala emgodini zize zibe nezinyanga ezine ubudala, kuyilapho omama beya khona izikhathi eziningana ngosuku beyozincelisa. Amabele ala magundwane abekwe ohlangothini olulodwa ukuze akwazi ukuncela imidlwane ehlezi. Ngaleyo ndlela, abakushayi indiva ukugadwa. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, i-mara isilungele ukukhiqizwa kabusha
iminyaka yokuphila
Ekuthunjweni, ama-maras ahlala njalo kusukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kwengu-7, naphezu kokuthi izibonelo zaziwa ukuthi ziphila iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nesigamu.
Maras Ekuthunjweni
I-Patagonian Maras ivamise ukukhuliswa eziqiwini noma njengezilwane ezifuywayo, naphezu kokufaneleka njengesilwane sasendle. Bakhuliswa kusukela ekuzalweni, bajwayelene kakhulu nabantu, futhi bakhuliswa kahle ekuthunjweni. Uma kungenjalo bavame ukwenza imisebenzi yasebusuku ukuze bagweme ukuhlangana nabantu.
Ukulondolozwa kwePatagonian Mara
Inani labantu basendle belilokhu lincipha naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i- mara ayifakwanga ohlwini lwezilwane ezisongelwa noma ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Zonke izifundazwe zasePatagonia ziwubhalisa njengomhlobo ovikelekile. Ukwehla kwenani labantu kusekelwe ezintweni ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Ukulahleka kwendawo ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo nezimboni kanye nokwanda kwesibalo sabantu.
- Ukuncintisana kokudla nonogwaja baseYurophu ( Lepus europaeus ), abalethwa eNingizimu Melika ngumuntu.
Isifundazwe sase-Argentina i-Mendoza sinqume njengesikhumbuzo semvelo sesifundazwe ngokomthetho ongunombolo 6599 owagunyazwa ngoMeyi 12, 1998.
Ezinye Izinto Ezikhethekile zePatagonian Mara
Njengoba izizwa ishushiswa, i-mara ingagijima ngokushesha ngesivinini esingaba amakhilomitha angu-60 ngehora, ikwazi ukugxuma ngobuchule obukhulu, yingakho abaningi beyazisa njengonogwaja. Futhi wukuthi ngokunyakaza okukodwa inganyakaza cishe amamitha amabili, okusizwa ngayo ngezinzipho zemilenze yangemuva ukuze ithole umfutho. Kodwa, ngokuqinisekile, leli gundane elikhulu lihlobene kakhulu nezingulube ze-Guinea, ezidume ngokuthi izingulube, njengoba zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyingxenye yomndeni wakwaCaviidae.
Lesi silwane futhi sidlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini we-ecosystem ye-Patagonian. Njengoba iyisilwane esidla uhlaza esihamba kakhulu, ibalulekile enqubweni yokusatshalaliswa kwembewu ezindaweni ezikude, ngenxa yendle yayo. Njengeqiniso elibalulekile, i-mara ayiwaphuzi neze amanzi, ngoba ithola amanzi adingekayo ngezimpande zezitshalo, eziyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwayo.
Izilwane Ezisengozini Ekhethwa Njengesilwane Esifuywayo
I-Mara ifakwe esigabeni esithi 'Vulnerable by SAREM' (Inhlangano Yase-Argentina Yocwaningo Lwezilwane Ezincelisayo). Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidla ezinye ezivamile zama-mara (ama-puma, izinyoni ezidla inyama nezinhlobo ezithile zezimpungushe), isitha esikhulu kunazo zonke enaso njengamanje umuntu. Izizathu ezenza abantu babeke lolu hlobo engozini zihlanganisa:
- Ukwandiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala zasemadolobheni, ukutshala nokuklaba.
- Ukuzingela okungekho emthethweni.
- Ukuhlala endaweni yawo ngunogwaja waseYurophu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, leli gundane selijwayele ukuphila ekuthunjweni. Eminyakeni edlule kwakuyinto evamile ukuyibona ema-zoo, futhi yayihamba ngaphandle kokwesaba eduze kwabantu ababezoyibona. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ezimweni eziningi, i-mara iye yamukelwa njengesilwane esifuywayo.
Sincoma lezi ezinye izinto: