Kunemisebenzi eminingi egqamayo ezincwadini zesiSpanishi. Ngaphandle kombhali ongaziwa, enye edume kakhulu futhi wafunda "El Lazarillo de Tormes". Ngaphandle kokungabaza, iwumsebenzi wobuciko ophawulekayo esikweni lase-Iberia. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhathi noma izindlela, akuwona wonke umuntu oye waba nenhlanhla yokuyifunda. Kungakho sizokhuluma ngeLazarillo de Tormes, kafushane.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi le noveli imayelana nani futhi sizobala zonke izingcweti umlingiswa wayo adlula kuzo, sigqamisa isiphetho enaso. Futhi, Sizophawula ngenjongo yencwadi ethi “El Lazarillo de Tormes”. Kodwa-ke, ngincoma ukuthi uyifunde yonke inoveli, njengoba ikufanele.
Isifinyezo senoveli ethi "El Lazarillo de Tormes"
Sizoqala ngokufingqa incwadi eyaziwa ngokuthi “El lazarillo de Tormes”. Uma ungakayifundi futhi awufuni umqashi, kungcono ukuthi usishiye lesi sihloko ngemva kokufunda. Njengoba abanye benu sebazi, lo msebenzi iyinoveli ye-picaresque eyabhalwa umlobi ongaziwa phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX.
Le ncwadi ilandisa ngokuphila kukaLázaro, umfana owayengenacala ekuqaleni, kodwa lowo, ukuze aphile kulomhlaba, agcine eseyisikhohlakali. Umama womlingiswa oyinhloko uyamphoqa ukuthi anxuse, ngakho-ke ukuzijabulisa kwakhe kuyaqala. Eshukunyiswe indlala nokoma, uLázaro unquma ukufuna umpetha. Kuyo yonke inoveli, udlula kubaphathi abahlukahlukene abamphatha kabi, futhi isikhathi ngasinye kufanele athole indlela yokuqhubeka.
Amakhosi kaLazaru
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, Baningi ongcweti okudlula kubo umlingiswa ophambili wale noveli. Ngezansi sizobabala bonke ukuze sithole umbono ojwayelekile womsebenzi:
- Izimpumputhe: Inkosi yokuqala kaLazaru iyimpumputhe. Ukuze adle futhi aphuze kakhulu, umfana usebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukene, esebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukuntula kwenkosi yakhe ukubona. Lokhu, ngemva kokuqaphela inkohliso, kujezisa umlingiswa oyinhloko ngokushaywa aze agcine ngokushiya.
- Umfundisi: Uthola uLázaro ngesikhathi ecela emgwaqeni. Umfundisi unesifuba esidala agcina kuso amanzi, ilayisi nesinkwa. Umfana usebenzisa ubuqili bakhe ukwenza ikhophi yokhiye futhi akwazi ukuthatha ukudla lapho. Lapho umfundisi ekubona lokhu, uLázaro umqinisekisa ukuthi isinkwa nelayisi kudliwa amagundane, njengoba umkhumbi ugcwele izimbobo. Nokho, le farce ayihlali isikhathi eside futhi uyamshiya umfundisi.
- I-squire: Edolobheni laseToledo, uLázaro uthola inkosi entsha. Kulokhu iwunga elibonakala licebile. Ecabanga ukuthi ngeke aswele lutho, umlingiswa oyinhloko uyamphelezela aze abone ukuthi inkosi yakhe entsha icwile osizini. Ngosuku i-squire engasakwazi ukukhokha irenti, uLázaro uyahamba.
- I-Friar of Mercy: I-friar iyakuthanda ukuhamba, futhi ngemva kokuhamba isikhathi eside, izicathulo zikaLázaro zigcina ngokuphuka. Ebhekene nalesi simo, inkosi yakhe entsha imthengela ezintsha. Kamuva, umlingisi oyinhloko, ekhathele ukuhamba kakhulu, uyamshiya.
- Itshe: Naphezu kokuba ukuhweba okuyinhloko ngaleso sikhathi, le buldero imane nje iwumkhohlisi oxoxisana nosherifu. Lapho uLázaro eqaphela ukuthi inkosi yakhe entsha iwumuntu onjani, unquma ukuhamba.
- Umfundisi: Umfundisi unikeza umlingiswa oyinhloko imbongolo namanzi ukuze adayise edolobheni. Ekugcineni thola umsebenzi okhokhelwayo. Kodwa ngemva kokuqoqa imali eyanele, uthenga izingubo ezintsha abese eshiya umfundisi.
Sasiyini isiphetho se-lazarillo?
Ngemva kwezigigaba eziningi uLázaro okuye kwadingeka akwazi ukuqhubeka kuzo, iphetha kanjani le ndaba kuye? Nokho, ekugcineni uthola umsebenzi ohloniphekile omvumela ukuba aphile kahle njengommemezeli wedolobha eToledo. Uthola nenkosikazi: Inceku yompristi omkhulu waseSan Salvador. Naphezu kwamahemuhemu akhona mayelana nobuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kompristi omkhulu kanye nencekukazi, i-protagonist ivala izindlebe futhi inquma ukuba nokuphila okujabulisayo nomkakhe. Ukuze, inoveli iphetha ngomuntu okuthi, ngemva kokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi, akwazi ukuzuza uzinzo empilweni yakhe.
Iyini injongo eyinhloko yomsebenzi othi “El Lazarillo de Tormes”?
Ngaphandle kwesifinyezo sikaLazarillo de Tormes, kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda incazelo edluliswa yilo msebenzi wokubhala. Ingqikithi enkulu kule noveli, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukuziphatha okungamanga. Ngomsebenzi, umbhali uyakwazi ukulahla ubuzenzisi nodumo lwamanga lomphakathi waseSpain wangaleso sikhathi.
Ngesikhathi sokufunda sibona ngokusobala ukuthi impilo imelelwa ngombono ongcolile. Abantu abathembekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kunalokho: Ukuze baphile, kufanele babe nesibindi. Kuwo wonke lo mphakathi owonakele, akekho osindisiwe: noma umfundisi, noma labo ngokusobala abacebile, noma umuntu othobeke kakhulu. Ekugcineni, bonke ongcweti uLázaro adlula kubo banesimo sengqondo sobugovu futhi benza ngaphandle kokungabaza. Lezi zici zifihlwe ngokuphelele ngesithombe sakho nesimo somphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphinde kuthintwa ezinye izinto ezibalulekile, njengenkolo noma indlala.
Embhalweni kucace kakhulu ukuthi akudingekile ukuba nobuhle, ukukhohlisa kwanele. Ukuze, inoveli izungeza umhlaba wokubukeka nokuziphatha okungamanga. Ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi, ngesikhathi sakhe, ukudayiswa nokusakazwa kwalencwadi kwakwenqatshelwa yiyo kanye iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki.
Ngithemba ukuthi usithandile isifinyezo sikaLazarillo de Tormes futhi wakukhuthaza ukuthi ufunde umsebenzi ophelele. Kuyigugu lesizwe eliyingxenye yesiko lethu okufanele siligcine. Ngokwami, ngiyithandile le noveli futhi ngincoma ukuthi uyifunde okungenani kanye empilweni yakho.