Izingane amaqhawe Kungumcimbi ongaphakathi komongo womlando wezwe laseMexico, owenzeka eMpini Yase-Chapultepec ngoSepthemba 13, 1847, ngokubamba iqhaza kwama-cadet ayisithupha ase-Mexico. Yazi ukuthi izingane zingobani amaqhawe, indaba okufanele ifundwe.
Izingane amaqhawe: umlando
Iqala umlando wezingane amaqhawe neqembu lama-cadet aseMexico, elixoxa indaba yokuthi bafa bevikela inani labo lezwe ngesikhathi se-Battle of Chapultepec, umcimbi owenzeka ngo-September 13, 1847 ehlathini lase-Chapultepec noma le-Chapultepec, ipaki yasemadolobheni etholakala ehholo ledolobha laseMiguel Hidalgo. , eDolobheni laseMexico phakathi neMpi YaseMexico NaseMelika. Sincoma ukuthi wazi umlando womlingiswa waseMexico Pancho Villa
Ngonyaka ka-1852, utshela umlando kazwelonke, ngesikhathi sePorfiriato, inkathi yomlando elandisa ngeMexico ngonyaka we-1947, waguqula izenzakalo ngezigaba eziningana ngenhloso yokushisekela izwe ukuze zigqame, ngoba okuningi okwakukhona. itshelwe yenziwe ngendlela yenganekwane ekhumbulekayo. Ngakho-ke, kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-6, isihloko esithi Ninos Heroes sanikezwa ama-cadet angu-XNUMX we-Mexican Army.
Ingqikithi eyinhloko yomcimbi wamaqhawe, njengoba iphawulwe umlando, yakhiwe isenzo salawa ma-cadet ayisithupha, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwamanye ama-cadet angama-40, ayethole iziyalezo ezivela kuNicolás Bravo, ukuba ashiye i-Castle of Chapultepec, isikhathi somcimbi bekuyikomkhulu leKolishi Lezempi nendawo elizungezile.
Kodwa, abafana bakushaya indiva, futhi banquma ukuhlala beqapha indawo ngokubheka inqubekelaphambili kanye nokusondelana kwamalungu eButho Lase-United States.
Kunezinganekwane eziningi ezizungeze lesi sigameko futhi ezilethwe emcabangweni womphakathi, zigcinwe njengezehlakalo zangempela, naphezu kokungabi nesisekelo somlando. Kodwa-ke, ukubamba iqhaza kwama-cadet angu-6 emcimbini ohlomile kuyalandiswa, ngokusobala ojabulela ubuqiniso obugcwele, icala lama-cadet uMelgar, Montes de Oca noSuárez.
Ngokunjalo, ngaphakathi komlando ofanayo wamaqhawe, nangokuhamba kwesikhathi nokudlula kweminyaka, kwenezelwa izipheleliso ezikhohlisayo, njengoba kubonakala endabeni, ukuthi la ma-cadet yiwo afa ekugcineni phakathi nempi, kanye iqiniso lokungabi nazo izinhlamvu, babulala amasosha ase-US aphikisanayo ngama-bayonet angaguquki, futhi cishe yindabuko kunazo zonke eMexico.
Ngemva kokuba uMontes de Oca, noJuan Escutia, bezibona belahlekile, uziphonse ekujuleni egoqwe ifulege laseMexico, ukuze alivikele kumaMelika elithatha, efela emadwaleni osebeni lwegquma laseChapultepec.
Ibutho laseMexico lanquma ngo-1947 ukwenza uchungechunge lophenyo olungasekelwe imibhalo esemthethweni kanye nochwepheshe besayensi. Bathi bathole futhi bakhomba isibalo sezigebhezi zabantu abayisikhombisa, endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Ahuehuetes de Miramón, baqinisekisa ukuthi bangamalungu e-cadet, athathwa abekwa ukuthi ayokhokha iminikelo esemthethweni e-altare le-Fatherland. Kubhekiselwa etsheni lesikhumbuzo osebeni lweNqaba, eduze kukaColonel Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl.
Nokho, abukho ubufakazi besayensi obusekela ukuthi lezi izinsalela zama-cadet ayisithupha.
Uchwepheshe kanye nochwepheshe wezemfundo waseMichoacán ogama lakhe linguJosé Bravo Ugarte, ubonisa esigabeni esikhuluma ngeMpi ngokumelene neMexico yase-United States, encwadini yakhe ethi History of Mexico, ukuthi ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-16 ememezela impi ngokumelene neMexico, ngoMeyi. 13, 1846, amasosha ase-US Army aqhubekela phambili enhloko-dolobha yaseMexico.
Ngokunjalo, yengeza ukuthi ngemva kokuhlolwa kabusha kweziphathimandla zaseningizimu yeMexico, uGeneral Winfield Scott wamisa, esikhundleni sakhe njengomphathi omkhulu webutho elihlaselayo, ukuba aqhube ukuhlasela kweMexico City yiChapultepec, ngo-September 11 wonyaka we-1847 nge. ukuqhuma kwamabhomu okunzima.
Indawo yokukhosela yedolobha laseChapultepec yayigcinwe ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwama-cadet angamakhulu amabili avela eKolishi Lezempi, owathola imiyalelo evela kuJenene uNicolás Bravo noMariano Escobedo; Ngokunjalo, amasosha angama-632 eSan Blas Battalion abambe iqhaza, ngaphansi kwemiyalo kaColonel Santiago Xicoténcatl.
I-SEGOB, njengoba kuhlonzwa uMnyango Wezangaphakathi WeRiphabhulikhi yaseMexico, ikhumbula ukuthi ukuze kuqiniswe leli butho elincane, uGeneral Antonio López de Santa Anna wathumela amadoda angaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu amane namashumi amahlanu phansi kwegquma, kodwa Ukuba khona kwabahlaseli kwakungaphezu kwenani lamasosha ahlaselayo ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa.
Ngokufanayo, babonisa ukuthi ngemva kokucekela phansi ibutho, amasosha e-US Army abuyela egqumeni angena eNqabeni, lapho iningi lama-cadet aseMexico aphakathi kweminyaka engu-15 ne-18 alwa ngaphandle kwesihe aze abulawa.
Ingemuva
Ngenxa yokudingeka ukuthi bangene e-United States Federation yesifunda saseTexas, futhi ngesicelo sezifiki nabafuduki base-Anglo-Saxon abangekho emthethweni, ngokuhlukaniswa neCentralist Mexican Republic ngonyaka we-1837, kanye nezaba edinga ukuhlukaniswa kwesifunda sase-Coahuila, futhi sizimise njengombuso ohlangene.
Kanye nokusungulwa kabusha koMthethosisekelo Wezwe WaseMexico wonyaka we-1824, nokuthi ngaleso sikhathi wawumenyezelwe njengeRiphabhulikhi yaseTexas, ngakho-ke, uhulumeni waseMexico waphula ubudlelwano bezokuxhumana ne-United States, lapho nje ingena eMelika. Inhlangano.
Kusukela kuleli qiniso, uhulumeni wase-United States uthumela amasosha ezempi ukusiza isifunda saseRio Bravo, ukuqinisekisa ubunikazi besiqephu sendawo eyayiphikisana phakathi kwesifunda saseTexas nohulumeni wamanje. Iziphathimandla zaqaphela kuphela uMfula iNueces, osenyakatho, njengomkhawulo.
Amasosha Ezempi Yase-US akha inqwaba yezinqaba kuyo yonke indawo, okwabangela ukuhlangana okuningi nabaqaphi bezempi abavela eButhweni Lezempi LaseNyakatho Yebutho Lesizwe LaseMexico.
Lena yindlela uhulumeni wase-United States aphinde wenza ngayo izidingo zawo kuhulumeni waseMexico ngenhloso yokuvumelana ngokudayiswa kwezindawo ezisenyakatho yeMexico. Kodwa, uma kungekho sivumelwano, kodwa ukwenqaba kwakhe, kuvula indawo yezinhlelo eziningi zikahulumeni nezizimele zokuthatha iSan Francisco ngonyaka we-1845.
Kulokhu kwenezelwa ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe okungavunyelwe kwabantu abaningi beSonto LamaMormon beya eSalt Lake, ehambisana nezindawo zaseMexico zaseNew Mexico ngo-1846, futhi kamuva eyayizoba indawo yase-Utah.
Izwakalise impi ngohulumeni wase-United States, ngoJulayi 25, 9, nangemva kokuvinjezelwa kweNqaba yaseTexas, esenyakatho yeRío Bravo, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kweMexico, ngoMeyi 1846, ngo-23, ukuhlasela okuningi kwenqaba. ibutho elivamile lase-United States laqala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, lisekela ukuvukela kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ngokungemthetho base-Anglo-Saxon, ababeqashwe emadolobheni ahlukene aseMexico eCalifornia naseNew Mexico.
Ube nesibindi sokumemezela amazwe ukuthi angamazwe azimele ngokungeza kwawo e-United States maduze.
Ngenxa yemali encane futhi akukho ukulungiselela engxenyeni yamabutho aseMexico, lokhu kuhlasela kwaphumelela, nokho, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ifa lomhlaba, kwadingeka kuqale ngokuhlaselwa emadolobheni aseMonterrey, naseMexico City ukuvimbela amandla angavamile. kusukela ekufinyeleleni enyakatho.
Kulapho i-United States Army, ithatha lesi sikhathi, futhi iholwa uWinfield Scott, ithatha itheku laseVeracruz, futhi iqhubeka nendlela abayibiza ngokuthi uMzila waseCortés.
Ngenxa yempendulo, i-National Army yaqinisa i-Rock of the Baths, konke ngoba ngaleso sikhathi umnyango wawuvela empumalanga yedolobha phakathi kwamachibi ase-Texcoco nase-Xochimilco. Kodwa-ke, amasosha ase-US athatha umgwaqo omude kunayo yonke, ezungeze iSierra de Santa Catarina eningizimu, indawo lapho iMpi yaseChurubusco kanye neMpi yasePadierna yayizokwenzeka khona.
Impi yaseChapultepec
Ngalezo zikhathi, iDolobha laseMexico laliqiniswa imisele namasango amaningana ayesebenza njengesiko edolobheni. Indawo yokungena ekahle kakhulu yayidlula e-Chapultepec ngenxa yokuthi izindawo zenkathi yomile, ngokuphambene kakhulu nenyakatho, empumalanga naseningizimu lapho kwakusenamachibi nezinye izindawo ezishelelayo.
Ngenxa yalesi senzakalo esingokwemvelo, uhulumeni wathatha isinyathelo sokuqinisa igquma laseChapultepec, ngaleso sikhathi elalingasetshenziswa ukugcina isibhamu, ngaphezu kweKolishi Lezempi, kuyilapho imboni yezibhamu eyayiseSanta Fe yaxoshwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqala. Nokho, kamuva lacekelwa phansi amabutho ezempi ase-United States.
Njengoba izikhungo zaseKolishi zazisebenza njengekomkhulu, ngaleso sikhathi uColonel Nicolás Bravo wayala ama-cadet ukuba aphume endaweni, ayebunjwe ngamaqembu ahlukahlukene abantu abasha abaneminyaka ephakathi kwe-12 ne-19 ubudala.
Abaningi abebekule ndawo bawuthobele lo myalelo, abanye basuswa yimindeni yabo, kwasala abafundi abangu-46 kuphela ngenhloso yokuvikela isikhungo sabafundi. Kuhle ukuveza ukuthi leli qembu lama-cadet lahlanganiswa namanye ama-cadet asanda kuthweswa iziqu, awazange athole inkokhelo ku-National Army; namanye amalungu okuphatha ayi-19 okuhlanganisa nomqondisi wesikole, othisha, abafundisi ngisho nomuntu ophethe ikhempasi yezempi.
Ngenyanga kaSepthemba wonyaka ka-1847, amaqembu amaningi eButho Lezempi YaseNyakatho ayeyishiyile indawo, elalela iziyalezo ezatholwa ku-Antonio López de Santa Anna, aphephela endaweni eseduze nehlathi negquma laseChapultepec.
Khona-ke, i-US Army yathatha ithuba lokuthatha isigodlo sangaphambili soMbhishobhi Omkhulu esiseTacubaya njengesizinda sezempi sokusebenza, siqhuba inqubo yezempi ngokumelene namalungu eSan Patricio Battalion.
Bafika ngoSepthemba 11, baqhubekela phambili bathatha i-casemate, lapho ilanga lalicashe khona ehlathini, ngo-12 banquma ukuqhumisa i-Castle of Chapultepec nezinye izikhala, kodwa ngo-September 13, izikhali zase-US zathatha ngokuhlasela inqaba. ukusuka eningizimu kuya lapho ilanga licasha khona egqumeni, ababelithathe ngobuhlakani ntambama, beqhubekela eGarita de Belén.
Kule ndawo baboshwa amabutho ezempi aseMexico, aqoqwe eLa Ciudadela, ukuze abhalise futhi avikele idolobha, nokho, ebusuku bathola imiyalelo evela kuSanta Anna ukuba ashiye insimu, owayengahlanganyeli emncintiswaneni.
Kodwa, ekugcineni, ibutho laseMelika lithatha izintambo zokulawula i-Chapultepec Castle, liwisa ifulege lesizwe laseMexico okungelesikole.
NgoSepthemba 15, lapho lonke idolobha laseMexico lithathwa ngokuthula, amasosha e-US Army azinikela ekuqoqeni bonke abalimele ababelele endaweni yempi. Bahlanganisa zonke izidumbu, futhi bayavuma ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseMexico neziboshwa zempi zasebenzisa imisele njengamathuna amaningi, njengoba abaningi bamasosha babehlukaniswa emazweni abo okuqala.
Ngenkathi i-United States ingcwaba umufi wayo endaweni esemakhoneni e-Circuito Interior neCalzada de Tacuba, emenyezelwa njengendawo yesikhumbuzo nguhulumeni wase-US, futhi okwamanje iyingxenye yenxusa laseMelika. .
Igama labafundi abalimele, izikhulu neziboshwa
Uhlu oluqukethe amagama abantwana amaqhawe Itholakala etsheni lesikhumbuzo elingenakulibaleka elingaphansi kwegquma laseChapultepec. Ungabona amagama ahlukene aqala ngokuthi:
Iziboshwa zeNkampani Yokuqala
Kule ngxenye, inamagama alandelayo namazinga ezempi: UCaptain Domingo Alvarado; OLieutenants: José Espinosa, Agustín de la Peza; UCorporal José T. de Cuellar; Isigubhu uSimón Álvarez; Ama-Cadets: uFrancisco Molina, u-Mariano Covarrubias, u-Bartolomé Díaz León, u-Ignacio Molina, u-Antonio Sierra, u-Justino García, u-Lorenzo Pérez Castro, u-Agustín Camarena, u-Ignacio Ortiz, u-Manuel Ramírez Arellano, u-Carlos Bejarano, u-Isidro Hernágo Zamora, u-Santa Hernández, u-Santa Hernández, u-Santa Hernández, u-Santa Hernández, San Francisco kanye noRamón Rodríguez Arangoiti.
Iziboshwa zeNkampani Yokuqala
Kule kholamu kuvela amagama namazinga ezempi ka: Lieutenant Joaquín Argaez; 2nd usayitsheni Teofilo Noris; Ikhonethi: Antonio Rodríguez; Ama-cadet abafundi: Joaquín Moreno, Pablo Banuet, Ignacio Valle, Francisco Leso, Antonio Sola, Sebastián Trejo, Luis Delgado, Ruperto Pérez de León, Cástulo García, Feliciano Contreras, Francisco Morelos, Miguel Miramón, Gabino Montesdedca, Adolfo Becerra, Luciano UManuel Díaz, uFrancisco Morel, uVicente Herrera, u-Onofre Capelo, uMagdaleno Yta no-Emilio Laurent.
Iziboshwa Zabasebenzi
Kulolu hlu, amagama nezikhundla: Okujwayelekile. Kor. Umqondisi weSikole saseMariano Montede; UCaptain Professor: Francisco Jiménez; OLieutenant: Manuel Alemán, Agustín Díaz, Luis Díaz, Fernando Poucel; ULieutenant Wesibili: Ignacio de la Peza, Amado Camacho, Luis G. Banuet, Miguel Pouncel; kanye ne-Grocer Eusebio Llantadas
Abalimele
Amagama ama-cadet abafundi aqoshiwe: u-Andrés Mellado, u-Hilario Péres de León no-Agustín Romero, no-Alejandro Algándar.
Uhlu lwama-cadet ashonile
Lolu hlu lwakhiwe ngamagama alandelayo: Agustín Melgar, Fernando Montes de Oca, Francisco Márquez, Juan Escutia kanye noVicente Suárez. Naphezu kokuthi kwakukhona ama-cadet afile angu-5 kuphela, ngaphezu kwabanye abalimele neziboshwa, kwaqashelwa abangu-6 kuphela, ngoba uLieutenant Juan de la Barrera ngesikhathi sempi wayesanda kuthweswa iziqu futhi wayengenaso isikhundla e-National Army.
Ukwakhiwa kwenganekwane
Izingane amaqhawe Chapultepec Banikeze okuningi ukukhuluma ngakho. Bathi le ndaba imane nje iyinganekwane, ngoba kubantu abaningi baseMexico, bacabanga ukuthi kunzima ngeqembu labafundi abasha abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-13 nengu-18 ukuba balwe namasosha eButho Lezempi Lase-US, isizathu esikhiqizayo. izinganekwane Eziningi ngakho.
Isazi-mlando sesazi uSergio Miranda, sidalula ukuthi lezi zinguqulo zenziwe idrama ukuze kwakhiwe umuzwa wokushisekela izwe kubantu baseMexico, besebenzisa amaqhawe ezingane njengengxenye kahulumeni ngenhloso yokuhlanganisa amandla eziphathimandla. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi inganekwane ichazwa kabanzi ngokusekelwe ku-romanticism kanye ne-idealization yezibalo, ukuba yiqiniso, ukuthi zazimi e-Castle of Chapultepec, esikhundleni sokuyishiya, zithola isihloko samaqhawe ezingane.
Khonamanjalo, inganekwane iyaqhubeka ikhula phakathi nenkathi kahulumeni kaMongameli uMiguel Alemán, owaqinisa indaba ngokudalula ukuthi bathole izingebhezi zekhanda eziyisithupha emithambekeni yegquma laseChapultepec, ethi zingamaqhawe Ezingane.
Ukuqhubeka nendikimba yenganekwane ye-Children Heroes, emashumini amabili eminyaka alandelayo ayengacacisi kakhulu ngendaba yama-cadet nokusebenza kwawo. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka we-1847 emibhalweni yempi kuvela i-valence kaMelgar, Montes de Oca noSuárez. Ngonyaka ka-1848, encwadini ethi Notes for the war between Mexico and United States, eyabhalwa uRamón Alcaráz, ubonisa ukuthi “abanye abafundi” baseKolishi Lezempi bavikela ifulege laseMexico.
Ngonyaka we-1852, owasebenza njengomqondisi we-Mariano Monterde Military School, ukhumbula okokuqala ama-cadet afa empini engabantwana.
Ngonyaka we-1878, iqembu elihle lama-cadet asinda emcimbini walowo nyaka we-1857 lakha i-Association eyaziwayo yeKholeji Yezempi, eyasungulwa ngonyaka we-1871, eyaqala ngaphambi kukahulumeni wojenene uPorfirio Díaz noManuel González. , isikhumbuzo sokungafi kwabashonile, abalimele neziboshwa ama-cadet empi yase-Chapultepec.
Lesi sicelo safezwa phakathi neminyaka ka-1880 no-1881, kanye nokwakhiwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo elisesimweni se-obelisk ngonyaka ka-1884, ngaphansi kokuqondisa komdwebi wezakhiwo uRamón Rodríguez Arangoity, owayengumfundi walesi sikole ngo-1847. .Itshe lesikhumbuzo okukhulunywe ngalo lakhiwe egqumeni elinamandla eliseningizimu yesango elikhulu lesikole, kanye nasemhlabeni wemisele eyayisebenza njengamathuna amaningi okungcwaba amasosha aseMexico anesibindi.
Izingane Amaqhawe Review
Ngokukhuthazwa imibhalo ehlukene nama-akhawunti omlando, abalingiswa abalandelayo baphinde bahlangana, okuyilezi:
Cadet Francisco Marquez Paniagua.
UFernando Montes de Oca, owayeneminyaka engu-18 ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sigameko, washona ohlakeni lomnyango ayewuvikela, ewa lapho isosha laseMelika likwazi ukudlula ngefasitela lambulala ngonya ngemuva.
UCadet Francisco Márquez, owayeneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, washonela kulesi sigodlo lapho iqulu lamasosha liza kuye, limsongela ngokuthi uzocela umaluju, kodwa wadubula omunye wabo, wawa wafa, futhi kamuva wabulawa ngenxa yokudubula kwabanye ababemelene naye. .
I-Corps of Engineers uLieutenant Juan de la Barrera wayeneminyaka engu-19 ubudala ngesikhathi eshona. Ushone evikela inqaba yangaphandle, eseningizimu yegquma, lapho kamuva kwatholakala khona izidumbu eziyisithupha ezazingaziwa, ezazihlonzwe njengamaqhawe Ezingane.
UJuan Escutia wayeneminyaka engu-20 ubudala ngesikhathi efa. Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando esinguchwepheshe uJosé Manuel Villalpando, lokhu ngokusobala kwakungelona i-cadet, njengoba kuboniswe uphenyo lwakamuva lokuthi wayeyisosha lebutho laseSan Blas. Igama lakhe eliphelele lihambisana noJuan Bautista Pascacio Escutia Martínez. Washonela phansi kwentaba, owazenza umdubuli esicongweni sewa, washaywa ngenhlamvu wawa elimele, wasala phezu kwedwala, okwabekwa kulo ibhodi lokumhlonipha ngo-1970.
UCadet Vicente Suárez, owayeneminyaka engu-14 ubudala ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe. Wafa esikhundleni sakhe somlindi, ezitebhisini zokuhlonipha elwa ne-bayonet ngokumelene namasosha ebutho laseMelika.
I-cadet enamathiselwe u-Agustín Melgar, owayeneminyaka engu-18 ubudala ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe. Washona ngakusasa. Wayesezilungisele omatilasi ekamelweni lakhe esikoleni, wabeka insabule yakhe esibhamu sakhe waya empini.
Izinganekwane Zomntwana Wezinsizwa
Inganekwane eyanwetshwa kakhulu yileyo ekhuluma ngezingane, ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu yalokho okwamanje okubhekwa njengokuthomba kanye nokukhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nangalezo zikhathi kwakungacatshangwa ukuthi lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala. , izingane amadoda ayashada futhi azakhele owawo umndeni.
Ezinye izinganekwane zasungulwa ngokuzibulala kwe-cadet u-Juan de la Barrera noma u-Juan Escutia, ngokusho kwemibhalo okuxoxwe ngayo. Lokhu kube okudume kakhulu, ngoba uJuan Escutia, uzisonga efulegeni lesizwe, leli elazungeza phezulu eKolishi Lezempi, futhi uyazibulala ukuze avimbele ifulegi laseMexico ukuthi lingabanjwa ezandleni zamasosha aseMelika.
Ifulege lesizwe, eliwuphawu lokushisekela izwe lomlando waseMexico, ngokuqinisekile ifulege lathathwa abantu baseMelika, abalithatha njengendondo yempi e-West Point Military Academy, eyabuyiselwa kubantu baseMexico ngo-1952, ezenzweni zokuvulwa. ye-altare le-Fatherland, kanye namanye amafulegi esizwe saseMexico, athathwa phakathi nempi yonyaka we-1847.
Nokho, leyo eyayigcizelelwa kakhulu futhi ehlala ikhethekile yileyo eyayigqokwe ngalolo suku.
Nokho, phakathi neMpi yokugaya iNkosi, eyabulawa ngo-September 8, ukaputeni wezikhali okuthiwa uMargarito Zuazo, ngeshwa wawa elimele ngezenzo zamasosha ase-US futhi wadluliselwa esitebeleni, lapho athola khona ngaphansi kwamaphakheji amakhulu, ukuthi ifulege. lebutho lakhe lalifihliwe, lelo ayengafuni lithathwe amaMelika.
Wayikhipha esigxotsheni sayo wayicosha wayifaka ejakhethini yakhe yagcinwa waze wayiswa ekhaya ukuyolapha amanxeba.
Phakathi nohambo, wahlangana nomqashi wakhe enikeza ifulegi, elalibekwe endlini yeDivision Chief uLuis Salcedo. Ukaputeni ushone ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa efikile ngenxa yamanxeba amakhulu.
Ngokusho kwenganekwane, indaba yokuzibulala yavela khona kanye emcimbini wesikhumbuzo sonyaka ka-1878, lapho uManuel Raz Guzmán edalula enkondlweni ekhazimulayo ekukhulumeni kweMpi yaseMolino del Rey, ayiveza ngokusankondlo njengo-Agustín Melgar, hhayi. njengoJuan Escutia noma uJuan de la Barrera.
…kodwa wena, Melgar…uzungezwe izitha, udubula isikhali sakho kuzo, futhi ungenathemba, kunokuba uzinikele, uzigoqa ngefulege lesizwe futhi uveze isifuba sakho sobusha ezinhlamvu zomhlaseli…
Akuzange kukhulunywe ngaye ukuthi seyethuliwe, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi izokwenziwa isongwe ngefulegi lesizwe. Kwakuyindlela yokuveza ukuthi wayefudumele futhi efudumele ezweni, elamukelwa ngokucacile ngumphakathi futhi lasakazwa kwaze kwaba sengathi lesi senzakalo sasiyiqiniso, ikakhulukazi emsebenzini kaJosé Peón y Contreras.
Njengoba kubonakala, kulesi siqeshana sezinganekwane, baningi asebelukwe kulesi sigameko esingokomlando. Ngokwesibonelo, bathi babengekho, ukuthi babengabafundi ababejeziswa, nokuthi Ibutho lase-US labamba lapho bedakiwe, ukuthi uJuan Escutia akazange aziphonse ukuze avikele ifulege lezwe, kunalokho, wakhubeka. . Kepha kukhona abagcina umbono wokuthi ama-cadet ayisithupha kuphela avikele iCastle.
Inganekwane ikhuluma ngeMpi Yase-Chapultepec, phakathi kwengxabano yeMpi YaseMelika YaseMexico, eyayibonisa indima ehamba phambili yezingane eziyisithupha zaseMexico ezanikela ngezimpilo zazo ukuze zivikele indawo yezwe.
Indaba yamaqhawe ezingane, Njengomlando wezingane zamaqhawe, ifundiswa ebuntwaneni emakilasini afundiswa esikoleni, ichaza usuku lwangoSepthemba 13. Imele umkhosi wokukhumbula impi Yamaqhawe Ezingane ase-Chapultepec, ngokumelene neButho Lase-US.
Njengoba kuye kwadalulwa, kwadalwa noma yiziphi izindaba eziphathelene namaqhawe ezingane. Ngomqondo wokwakha i-altare lezwe, abaningi benza ihaba, abanye bahlanekezela, kodwa bambalwa ngempela abasungulwa. Inkulumo ethi "amaqhawe ezingane" yaba isithonjana sothando lwezwe nobuqotho bomphakathi, embozwe uthando oluthile olude, olwafinyelela umvuthwandaba wokuphazamisa inhloso yokubuyisela umcimbi onjalo okhazimulayo.
Okokugcina, kungase kwengezwe ukuthi nakuba izinganekwane zikhona mayelana nalolu daba, ubukhona bazo buqinisekisiwe futhi bubhalwe kahle, amadoda amaqhawe afakwe ohlwini olusemthethweni lwabashonile be-Mexican Army, empeleni, izinsalela eziningi zalawa ma-cadet. kanye nabangasekho, bayophumula eSikhumbuzweni samaQhawe Okwezwe, ezansi kweSigodlo.
izinto eziyisikhumbuzo
Emlandweni Wamaqhawe Ezingane, uchungechunge lwezici ezivelayo oluholela ekubeni lukhumbuleke emlandweni wase-Mexico olwahlanganiswa kuzikweletu nezinhlamvu zemali zikazwelonke, okuyilezi:
I-altare Ezweni Lobaba
Uqwembe lwadalulwa endaweni okwenzeka kuyo izigameko, kanye nokutholakala kwezinsalela zezidumbu zamaqhawe ayisithupha eChapultepec ngonyaka we-1947.
Ngokunjalo, kunesikhumbuzo samaQhawe Ezingane, esibekwe emnyango weKolishi Lezempi Lamaqhawe lasePopotla. Yakhiwa ngo-1925 ngumdwebi wezakhiwo uVicente Mendiola, kanye nokubamba iqhaza komqophi u-Ignacio Asúnsolo.
I-altare Lezwe Lobaba, elalidideke njengetshe lesikhumbuzo lama-Children Heroes atholakala e-Bosque de Chapultepec.
Ngonyaka ka-1947, emithambekeni eseningizimu yegquma laseChapultepec, ithuna labantu abaningi likhona lapho kwatholakala khona izidumbu eziyisithupha, ezahlonzwa ngokusemthethweni njengezabafundi abayisithupha abafa ngonyaka ka-1847. yakhishwa futhi yafakwa e-sarcophagi, ngo-September 13, 1947.
Kamuva, ngo-September 27, 1952, ngemva kwemikhosi ehlukahlukene yomphakathi, efana nonogada basePlaza de la Constitución, eyenziwa ama-cadet amahlanu kanye nesikhulu sezikole ezihlukahlukene zezempi zaseMelika, kwavulwa i-obelisk, ngaphansi kokuqondisa umdwebi wamapulani u-Enrique Aragón Echegaray, owakhiwe ngendlela eyindilinga enamakholomu ayisithupha futhi etholakala endaweni eyayingase ibe i-Paseo del Emperador, okwamanje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Paseo de la Reforma.
Amabhokisi anezinsalela zomuntu abekwe ezinsikeni eziyisithupha, endaweni eyakhiwe kukholomu ngayinye, kanye naphakathi nendawo nangaphansi kwesifanekiso esikhulu kwabekwa izinsalela zikaColonel Felipe Santiago Xicoténcatl.
Kuyisikhumbuzo esinikezelwe kulabo abalwa nokuhlasela kwamasosha e-US Army phakathi neminyaka ye-1846 kuya ku-1848, lapho ungafunda khona ukubhala okulandelayo:
"Kubavikeli Bezwe Lobaba 1846-1847"
Ngesihloko esisemthethweni esithi "Altar to the Fatherland", eyaziwa kakhulu ngegama elithi "Isikhumbuzo sezingane zamaQhawe”, kuvamile kakhulu ukuthola imibhalo esemthethweni ngalokhu kuntuleka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona impikiswano enkulu mayelana nokuba yiqiniso kwezinsalela zezidumbu, ngokusho kwe-akhawunti ukuthi ukuhlonza okunembile okusekelwe ezifundweni zesayensi, ze-forensic noma ze-anthropological akuzange kwenziwe.
Izinguqulo ezisemthethweni zeziphathimandla zase-Mexico zibonisa ukuthi ama-cadet ayingxenye yefa lomlando elakhiwe ngokusebenza kwawo ngesibindi kokuhlonipha nokuzikhandla.
5000 peso bill
Ekuqaleni, isibalo sama-Children Heroes, sasiqukethwe ekwakhiweni kwezikweletu ze-5000 pesos, ezakhishwa phakathi neminyaka ka-1981 no-1989.
50 peso lwemali
Phakathi neminyaka ka-1994 no-1995, kwenziwa uhlamvu lwemali lwama-pesos amasha angama-50 aseMexico, olwalunesikhungo sesiliva, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwalo ensimbi yesiliva, lwalunenani elikhulu kunehlelo lalo lokuqala. Lolu hlamvu lwemali lwama-peso angu-50 lwalunomklamo Wamaqhawe Ezingane endaweni ephambene, njengalokhu: Juan Escutia, Agustín Melgar, Juan de la Barrera, Vicente Suárez, Francisco Márquez kanye noFernando Montes de Oca.
Kubalulekile futhi ukwazisa ukuthi eMexico City kunesiteshi seMetro esibizwa ngokuthi "Niños Héroes".
Ngokunjalo, imigwaqo yasendaweni yaseCondesa, eseduze neChapultepec Castle, inegama leqembu ngalinye elashona kulo mcimbi, kanye nezikole eziningi nezikhumbuzo kulo lonke elaseMexico ziqanjwe ngegama elithi "Izingane zamaqhawe" .
Ekugcineni, ukuhlonipha ama-cadet afela eMpini Yase-Chapultepec, kusukela ngo-1881, isikhumbuzo sasungulwa njalo ngo-September 13, njengeholide lomphakathi eMexico, ngaphandle kokuthi amagama abo ahlanganiswe nezinhlamvu zegolide ngaphakathi kwe-Wall. Ukuhlonishwa kweHholo Lemihlangano yeCongress of the Union.
Vakashela futhi Ungathandi ngo-1947
Ngonyaka ka-1947, esikhumbuzweni Seminyaka Eyikhulu Yokuthunjwa Kwenhloko-dolobha Yesizwe, iDolobha laseMexico, wabe esethola ukuvakashelwa okusemthethweni kwalowo owayengumongameli wase-United States ngaleso sikhathi, uHarry S. Truman, owahlonipha labo. owawa ngesikhathi seMpi yaseChapultepec. Enkulumeni yakhe uveze ukuthi uyawazi futhi uyawuhlukanisa umoya wokushisekela izwe kanye nesibindi sama-Children Heroes, nalapho aluxazulule khona usizi lwakhe ngalezo zigameko ezenzeke ngamasosha aseMelika kule mpi.
Ngokunjalo enkulumeni yakhe ukugcizelele ukuthi izwe eliqinile alinalo ilungelo lokujezisa esinye isizwe esibuthaka ngamandla aso. Ngokunjalo, wabeka umqhele wembali phansi kwetshe lesikhumbuzo, isenzo esathukuthelisa amalungu amaningi ebutho laseMexico kanye nezakhamuzi eziningi, okwabangela ukuthi ebusuku, ama-cadet amabili eKolishi Lezempi agibele amahhashi aye endaweni. , ukususa umnikelo wezimbali futhi wawuphonsa eminyango yenxusa lase-United States.