El Iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali Kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ezisetshenziswayo ukuze kuzuzwe isenzo esifanele endaweni yokuxhasa ngezimali. Ukusetshenziswa kwaleli thuluzi ngendlela eyanele kudinga ukucatshangelwa kwamaphuzu ahlukene, azochazwa kabanzi kulolu lwazi.
Ibhalansi kuzo zonke izici endaweni yezezimali
Iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali
I-investment portfolio iqoqo le-elementi ngayinye esetshenziswa endaweni yezomnotho nezezimali ukufuna ukuzinza, okuqinile ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokhu, kumele ziphathwe ngendlela efanele futhi bathole ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nezingozi ezingase zivele ohlelweni.
Ukufaka
Ukuze usebenzise kahle iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi lesi sici kufanele sihlanganise nani ngokuphathelene nezidingo eziphakama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zibalulekile ukuzibona ngeso lengqondo nokukhomba empilweni, ngendlela yokuthi izinhloso zingasungulwa ngokuxazulula noma yiluphi uhlobo lwephutha elingenzeka, futhi kusukela endleleni yephothifoliyo konke kuzoba lula kakhulu.
Phakathi kwalezi zici, kungenzeka ukubalula ukwazi inani eliqondile lezezimali umuntu analo nokuthi iyiphi inani elizodingeka kunhloso ngayinye ebekiwe, ukuze inqubo yokuthobela ihlelwe futhi iqondiswe ngokujwayelekile. Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu ngoba kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuxazulula noma yiziphi izimo eziphuthumayo ukuba ne-liquidity ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukugcina okungenani u-10% wenani lemali kuphothifoliyo noma, uma kwenzeka liphansi, amanani omholo kufanele abe okungenani izinyanga ezine noma umkhawulo wezinyanga eziyisithupha. Endabeni yesikhathi esimaphakathi esihlanganisa iminyaka emihlanu, kuyanconywa ukuthi kutshalwe izimali zephothifoliyo futhi kuphakanyiswe umnyakazo emakethe ngezimali zayo.
Futhi isikhathi eside esidlula iminyaka emihlanu, ukutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe kuphothifoliyo kudinga ukusetshenziswa komkhathizwe, okuzophinde kubonakale isikhathi eside, lapho lokhu kunyakaza kugqanyiswa njengempahla. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izikhathi zesikhathi ofuna ukutshala izimali, ukuze amasu asetshenzisiwe afanele futhi kungenzeka ukufinyelela amaphuzu amisiwe.
Amasu okunciphisa ubungozi
Izinqubo mayelana nezenzo zokutshala izimali ziveza ubungozi obuthile obuhlobene ngqo nephothifoliyo, ngakho-ke, ziyizici okufanele zibhekwe ngakho-ke amasu ahlukene asetshenziswa ukuze lobu bunzima bunciphe. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesimo luzohlala luboniswa, ngakho-ke, kufanele lucushwe ukuze luxazulule ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene.
Phakathi kwazo, ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo kuyagqama, lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzinzisa kanye nokulinganisa noma yimuphi umphumela noma ukuhluka okungase kulethwe indawo yezimali ngqo ezimakethe; Kudingeka futhi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenqubo ngokuvamile, ehlanganisa zonke izingozi ezizovela, kanye nomkhathi wokutshalwa kwezimali eyethulayo.
Imisebenzi akufanele yenziwe njalo ngokuhlobene namanani aboniswa ngemali engenayo ebonakala ngokushintsha njalo. Kufanele kufakwe izinguquko ezehlukene kuphothifoliyo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kube nomthelela olungile futhi ekugcineni isu elisebenzayo liwukukhiqiza ukuhlola okuhlukile ezintweni noma amathuluzi azosetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwezimali.
Maningi amasu angasetshenziswa, ukuvikela ezezimali sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana hlukanisa utshalomali
Izici ezibalulekile
Ukutshalwa kwezimali akwenziwa entweni eyodwa kuphela, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinketho ezahlukene ukuze ubungozi bube buncane. Yazi iyini iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali Ivumela lokhu ukuthi kube lula kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izici eziphawulekayo ngokuklama kwayo okulungile, ngoba uma iphutha lenziwa khona-ke lingaholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uqale wazi ukuthi kukhona ezahlukene izinhlobo zamaphothifoliyo okutshalwa kwezimali, kuyiphuzu elibalulekile, njengamasheya ezinkampani, izintengo zemakethe, izimali ezihlukene, ama-cryptocurrencies, imisebenzi yezindlu ezithengiswayo nokunye. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezitholakalayo futhi kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi ngayinye yazo ihlukile, kube ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani kufanele kube nezinye izindlela ezihlukile zokumboza inani eliphezulu lemikhakha.
Umgomo uwukuba nempahla efanele uma kucatshangelwa izikhathi kanye nomkhathi wokutshalwa kwezimali, ukuze kube yiyona esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi kusukela lapho amandla angakhula kakhulu, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuhlale kunezingozi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuba nolwazi nge indlela yokwenza iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ibaluleke kakhulu.
Phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwakheka okujwayelekile kwephothifoliyo yokutshala imali ukubamba izinjongo okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo ohlelweni, ukwenza izenzo zokonga kanye nokusabalalisa ukuze kukhuliswe izimali, ngendlela yokuthi ukuxazulula zonke izikweletu eziphethwe noma uthole imikhiqizo ethile. Umthamo wokonga ungelinye iphuzu elibalulekile njengoba ukuze utshale imali, kufanele uqale ube nesamba sokuqala.
Ukulawula amanani asetshenzisiwe kuvumela ukusebenza kwephothifoliyo ukuthi kuqale ukuthatha indlela efanele, phakathi kwazo kukhona nokuba ne-liquidity, edingekayo ngamavelu amaphesenti ukuze ukwazi ukubhekana nanoma yisiphi isithiyo noma ubunzima. Ngalesi sizathu, ukuba nenani lemali okungenani lezinyanga eziyisithupha zomholo kuzobaluleka ukuze ube nenketho esheshayo.
Isikhathi esizothathwa yi-investimenti sibalulekile ukuze kufezwe imigomo ngendlela efanele nokuthi ubungozi obethulwa bungathathwa ngaphandle kwenkinga. Ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izici ezizosetshenziswa ekutshalweni kungenye indlela evumela ukutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe ukuthi kube okulungile futhi kungenziwa ngezinto ezingasebenzi ngempela.
Ukuba nesivikelo emiphumeleni ebangelwa ukwehla kwamandla emali kuyisici esivelele uma kuziwa ekutshalweni kwezimali, njengoba kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube ngaphezu kwezinga lokwehla kwamandla emali elibonisiwe, ukuba namathuluzi afanele kuzoholela ekulondolozeni izimali, kanye nokwehla kwamanani, okuba nephothifoliyo yakho. kubalulekile ukunqoba ubunzima, bagqama njenge isibonelo sephothifoliyo yokutshala imali.
Kuyadingeka ukugcina ibhalansi endaweni yezezimali, ngoba lokhu sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana amortization