Simema umfundi ukuba azi inganekwane abaxoxa ngayo Intaba yemiphefumulo, isenzakalo esenzeka ngobusuku obugujwa ngosuku lwabafileyo. Yindaba lapho kubonwa khona uthando, ubumsulwa kanye nomzabalazo. Kuyathakazelisa, ungayeki ukuyifunda.
INtaba Yemiphefumulo: Synthesis
I-El Monte de las Animas, ingeyenye yezindaba ezakha iqoqo likaGustavo Adolfo Bécquer, owaziwa ngelikaSoria. Inganekwane ithi, okwenzeka kumfana ogama lakhe lingu-Alonso, lapho enza sengathi uvumelana nomzala wakhe, okuwubusuku obugujwa ngoSuku Lwemiphefumulo Yonke. Yashicilelwa ngoNovemba 7, 1861, iphelezelwa izinganekwane eziyishumi nesithupha ezengeziwe, ephephandabeni i-El Contemporáneo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uyasazi lesi sihloko I-Nightingale neRose
Isakhiwo
Intaba yesakhiwo semiphefumulo Kuyingxenye yalesi sihloko lapho zonke izingxenye inganekwane eyakhiwe ngazo zinemininingwane ecacile.
Inganekwane yakhiwe yisingeniso esifushane, izingxenye ezintathu kanye ne-synopsis.
[su_note]Esingeniso, umbhali ongumlandi uyakhuluma lapho ezwa inganekwane ngesi-Soria, kodwa ukuthi uyesaba ukuyiveza. Inganekwane idwetshwa kumuntu wesithathu, futhi inomhleli kanye nomlandi wezomlando. Umbhali ulandisa ngezenzakalo okwake kwaxoxwa ngazo naye ngaphambili.[/su_note]
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi, kungabonakala ngokusobala, lapho ebabaza ekuqaleni kwenganekwane, okulandelayo:
«Ubusuku babafileyo bangivusa ngabo angazi ukuthi insimbi ephindwe kabili nini. Ukuhlukumezeka kwayo okungapheli futhi okuphakade kukhumbuze leli siko engisanda kulizwa e-Soria. (...) Ngiyizwe endaweni efanayo lapho yenzeka khona, futhi ngiye ngabhala, ngezinye izikhathi ngiphendula ikhanda lami ngokwesaba, lapho ngizwa amafasitela evulandi yami eklabalala, enyakaziswa umoya obandayo wasebusuku.
Umlingiswa u-Alonso uxoxela umzala wakhe u-Beatriz izehlakalo ezenzeka ngesikhathi se-Templars e-Monte de las Ánimas. Ukuguqulwa kwesiteji, inqaba yezibalo ze-Alcudiel. Ukungabi nakuzisiza kukaBeatrice
Isiqubulo
Umbhali womlandi wengeza imishwana emisha kule nganekwane. Iqiniso livela phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, le nganekwane ilandiswa umlingiswa u-Alonso, ngaphakathi komsebenzi wakhe. Kungacaciswa ukuthi ngesikhathi ekhuluma ngaso, ukhumbula izehlakalo umlingiswa abesezazi.
Balandisa ngezinye izenzakalo ngendlela enemininingwane kangangokuthi zibonakala zinokwethenjelwa. Ngakho-ke, isizathu sokuthi kungani kukhiqizwa i-flash back, okusho ukuthi inganekwane eyenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi abaphila ngayo iyafika engqondweni. Ulandisa ngenkumbulo yakhe, okwenzeka emahoreni angamashumi amabili nane, kusukela ngehora lokuqala ekuseni kuze kuse.
Ukuxabana
Okusemqoka isiqephu sentaba yemiphefumulo Kuyisipho umzala ka-Alonso asilahla e-Monte de las Ánimas futhi ngemva kokuphikelela kakhulu, uyamphoqa ukuthi ayolanda iribhoni yakhe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuyilapho elele ngokunethezeka endlini. Ngezansi, sethula izizathu ezinemininingwane eyengeziwe zenganekwane.
Inganekwane yenzeka kumasipala waseSoria, eMonte de las Ánimas, usuku olunikezelwe ukuhlonipha umufi. I-Counts ka-Borges no-Alcudiel, ephelezelwa izingane zabo u-Beatriz no-Alonso, nezinceku zaqala indlela eya ekuzingeleni, zigibele amahhashi abo amahle.
U-Alonso uqala ukuxoxa inganekwane, leyo Monte de las Ánimas. Inkolelo, yokuthi le ntaba abayibiza ngokuthi imiphefumulo yayihambisana nama-Templars, okusho ukuthi amaqhawe nabezenkolo abangabe-Order of the Poor Knights of Christ of the Temple of Solomon.
Ngezikhathi lapho ama-Arabhu adingiswa khona eSoria, iNkosi yawaphoqa ukuthi abuyele ukuze avikele idolobha, iqiniso eladumaza izikhulu zaseCastile, lidala ukuncintisana phakathi kwabo.
Ngale ndlela, kwaqala umncintiswano, kwaze kwaba yilapho inkosi ngokwayo isimemezele ukuthi impi isiphelile; inani lashiywa ngemuva, futhi endaweni yezenkolo, izidumbu zabaningi zangcwatshwa. Inganekwane ilandisa ukuthi uma kufika ubusuku babafileyo, imimoya kamufi ihamba ihambisana nezilwane zasentabeni, ukuze kungabikho muntu othanda ukuba kuleyo ndawo ngalolo suku.
Lapho sebevele sebebuthene ekhaya, abakwa-Counts eduze nokubenyezela kokukhanya, abazala kuphela ababengayinaki inkulumo: u-Alonso noBeatriz, kwaze kwaba yilapho u-Alonso ephazamisa ukuthula okude, ebabaza umzala wakhe, owathi. ngesizathu sokuthi ngokushesha uzosuka kude naye, angathanda ukumnika isipho ukuze amkhumbule njalo.
[su_box title=”El Monte de las Ánimas – Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer” radius=”6″][su_youtube url=”https://youtu.be/y2byOtHKQ1E”][/su_box]
[su_note]Ngemva kokuncenga okungaka, intombazane yamukela itshe eliyigugu, ngaphandle kokuphawula, kuyilapho umzala wayo eyicela ukuba imnike okuthile okungokwakhe. UBeatriz wavuma futhi wamtshela ukuthi e-Monte de las Ánimas, ibhendi yakhe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ilahlekile, okuyiyona nto ayefuna ukumnika yona.[/su_note]
U-Alonso osemncane wazizwa eqinile futhi enamandla okubhekana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lweqaba, nokho-ke, umqondo wokuvakashela leyo ndawo edabukisayo uyamethusa, futhi nakakhulu ngalolo suku, washaywa wuvalo. Kodwa, ngenxa yobuqili bentombazane eyamkhuthaza ngokumomotheka okujabulisayo futhi waya endaweni, kodwa ngokwesaba, ukuhlenga iqembu elilahlekile ukuze ajabule umzala wakhe uBeatriz.
Kwahamba amahora uBeatriz engasabuthi quthu ubuthongo ecabanga ukuthi uzwe kubizwa igama lakhe ephusheni elibi. Uthe evuka akaphindanga wawavala amehlo okwenza ukuthi athandaze ashaywe wuvalo olugcwele uvalo.
Ekuseni, uzizwa edabuke ngesimo sakhe sengqondo ayenaso ebusuku, egcwele inkomo, ngokuzumayo, ubona ibhande lakhe elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ligezwe egazini futhi labhujiswa libekwe endaweni yokulala. UBeatriz wethuka, amehlo akhe ayengayikholwa into ababeyibona. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, izinceku zakhe zamtshela izindaba ezibuhlungu: U-Alonso wadwengulwa izimpisi zentaba, zamthola efile.
Inganekwane ithi ngemuva komcimbi, umzingeli kwadingeka achithe ubusuku bonke entabeni yemiphefumulo, futhi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wakwazi ukuphawula ukuthi wabona amathambo ama-Templars adumile kanye nezicukuthwane ezivela eSoria, ezazingcwatshwa endlini yesonto. ,abone nje ukuthi owesifazane omuhle odangele ehamba ephuthuma izinyawo zigcwele igazi,wajahwa amahhashi,wahayiza ezungeza ithuna lika Alonso.
imvelo
Inganekwane yeMonte de las Ánimas, yenzeka endaweni engaphandle komasipala waseSoria nasemaphethelweni omfula iDuero, esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Iberia.
Ngokunjalo, ezinye izakhi ezithile ziyavela kunganekwane, njenge:
I-Monastery yaseSan Juan de Duero, etholakala eSoria.
Idolobha laseSoria ligqamisa iwashi le-Postigo njengereferensi. I-Puerta del Postigo, kwakungelinye lamasango akha udonga lwaseSoria, namanje lahlala ezikhathini zomlobi.
IConvent of San Polo, etholakala emaphethelweni edolobha laseSoria, futhi okwamanje yindlu yesonto kuphela ekhona. Ukudalwa kwayo kunikezwe i-oda lama-Templars.
San Juan de Duero. Isigodlo sezindela sesitayela sothando, esiseSoria, esingese-Order of Malta.
[su_note]I-Monte de las Ánimas itholakala emaphethelweni e-Soria futhi osebeni lomfula i-Duero. Kwakunebandla elalidayisa izithelo zaleyo ndawo, ukuze liqoqe izimali ezazizonikela ngobuningi emiphefumulweni yabangasekho, okuqanjwe igama leNtabeni.[/su_note]
Ibhuloho elinikeza ukufinyelela kwedolobha.
INtaba iMoncayo, esemngceleni ophakathi kwedolobha laseSoria nedolobha laseZaragoza.
Personajes
I-Los abalingiswa abavela entabeni yemiphefumulo yizo ezenza ukuba kuthuthukiswe yonke indaba, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwalezi, inganekwane ibingeke ibe nesiqalo futhi ingasaphathwa eyosiphetho.
Endabeni ye-Monte de las Ánimas, abalingiswa abalandelayo babamba iqhaza:
Alonso
Uyindlalifa yezwe lapho inganekwane ivela khona. Ungumfana ojabule futhi othembekile. Uthandana noBeatriz omuhle. Ufela ezinzipho zezimpisi, ngokumtotosa efuna ibhendi yakhe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elahlekile.
Beatriz
Ungumzala omncane ka-Alonso, indodakazi ye-Counts of Borges. Uhambisana nobuhle nobusha, unezinwele ezinhle ezinde ezimnyama, nezindebe ezincanyana namehlo amakhulu aluhlaza.
Ezinye izinhlamvu
Baphinde babambe iqhaza emsebenzini: I-Counts, yasekhaya, abazingeli, ama-Templars, ezenkolo kanye nabahlukanisiwe.
themes
Inganekwane ye-Monte de las Ánimas, inokuqukethwe ezinye izihloko ezifana nalezi:
Uxhumano olukhona olulingana amatimu amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umbhali u-Bécquer, uqoqa ingqikithi yomlando wendawo yonke, lapho ebhekene nama-Templars futhi ngokumelene namakhosi ahloniphekile wedolobha laseSoria, futhi wengeza enganekwaneni into ebalulekile emele abesifazane, lapho ekhaphela indoda ukuze ifeze izinhloso zayo futhi ngakho yishaye. Zombili izindikimba zixhumene emsebenzini, yizona ezingabonwa ngokusobala, ezimayelana nomzabalazo nothando.
Okuwusiko nobuciko kuphakama, nezici eziphawulekayo, njengokuthi uma kukhala izinsimbi ebandleni, nje ngehora leshumi nambili ebusuku ukwazisa abantu ukuthi usuku lweMiphefumulo Yonke. Ngokunjalo, zonke izinhlobo zemisindo eyinqaba zigqanyiswa emsebenzini, njengomsindo wezinyathelo ezazizwakala kukhaphethi ekamelweni likaBeatriz, kanye nokuklabha kokhuni; ukushaywa kwamafasitelana e-balcony; amanzi aconsa kunganqamuki, ukuhhewula kwezinja, nesiphepho somoya.
El monte de las ánimas isifinyezo esihlobene nesihloko
Ukufingqa i mount of souls indaba ephathwayo kuwukuziphindiselela kwabo bonke abafileyo abakhona kuleyo Ntaba njengesizathu sokugconwa abantu bakuleyo ndawo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthiwa futhi mount of souls indaba ephathwayo ifuna ukwenza abantu bacabange ngazo zonke izimo ezingase zivele ngokugcwalisa okufiswayo kanye nemodeli ye-narcissistic yomunye umuntu.
Ngaphakathi indikimba yentaba yemiphefumulo, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi kusekelwe ezinsukwini ezihamba kusukela ngo-Okthoba 31 kuya kuNovemba 1, okuwubusuku lapho kunamathuba amaningi okubukeka kwezipoki noma imiphefumulo.
Intaba yemiphefumulo icela isifinyezo
Impela esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokufunda le ndaba uke wazibuza Kwenzekani ekuqaleni kwendaba intaba yemiphefumulo? Ukuze wazi le mpendulo, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda mayelana Isifinyezo senganekwane ye-el monte de las ánimas kanye neminye imininingwane esikubonisa yona ngezansi.
The Mount of Souls ka-Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer isifinyezo
Le ndaba iqala ngo-Alonso ezingela nezingane zakhe ezinhle, ngenkathi ebatshela ngama-Templars ayekhona ngesikhathi esithile kulezo zintaba; babengamaqhawe enkolo afa ngenxa yokubulawa kwamasosha eNkosi yaseCastile.
Ngokusho kwabadumile inganekwane intaba yemiphefumulo isifinyezo imimoya yamaqhawe nezilwane ibonakala kuyo yonke intaba, ngobusuku Babo Bonke Abangcwele; ngenxa yalesi sizathu, asikho isakhamuzi esasondela kuleyo ndawo ngalolo suku.
Bahambe bonke baye endlini bayodla isidlo sakusihlwa ,lapho afike umzala ka Alonso amvakashele baqale bakhulume ngaseziko. Umtshela ukuthi ufuna ukumnika isipho; igugu elihle ukuze ungalibali futhi uhlale likhona kuzo zonke izindawo oya kuzo.
Ukuqhubeka gustavo adolfo becquer intaba yemiphefumulo isifinyezo
Ngemva kwalokhu, u-Alonso ucela umzala wakhe ukuba amkhumbule njalo; uyamukela kodwa uveza ukuthi iribhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka afuna ukumnika yona ilahlekile e-Monte de las Ánimas.
Ngaphakathi kwemicabango ka-Alonso yayingayi eMonte ngalolo suku, noma kunjalo, ngemva kokuba umzala wakhe ephikelele kakhulu, wanquma ukwamukela futhi ahambe naye. Ngalobo busuku ekhaya, uBeatriz wafikelwa ubuthongo, njengoba ezwa amazwi, waqala wathandaza waze walala.
Ngakusasa, uma evuka, wabona ku-nightstand i-ribbon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayeyifuna kakhulu kodwa igcwele igazi. Ngokushesha inceku yendlu iya ekamelweni lowesifazane ukuze imnike izindaba zokuthi umzala wakhe u-Alonso ufile udliwe izimpisi zaseMonte.
Kodwa noBeatriz wayeseshonile. Ngemva kwazo zonke lezi ziqephu, ngolunye usuku umzingeli owahlala ubusuku obubodwa eMonte de las Ánimas futhi wafa; Wathi ubonile ukuthi imimoya isuke kanjani kuleyo ndawo futhi wabona owesifazane egcwele igazi ezinyaweni zakhe, eduze kwethuna lika-Alonso.
Ubudlelwano neminye imisebenzi
Isijeziso saphakade sowesifazane oziqhenyayo siyindikimba evame kakhulu kwezobuciko nezincwadi. U-Giovanni Boccaccio, ubhekisele endikimbeni efanayo endabeni enesihloko esithi Historia de Nastagio o degli Onesti, engumlingiswa oyinhloko ohlukunyezwa umgibeli wehhashi.
U-Botticelli wathatha imisebenzi yakhe yokudweba emidwebeni ehlukahlukene, esekelwe emlandweni we-Boccaccio.
Ngokunjalo, isixhumanisi singakhiwa ngemisebenzi yomculo, okungukuthi: Umakhi wezakhiwo waseGalician u-Rodríguez Losada wenza i-debut yakhe ku-opera ebhekisela emsebenzini.
Ngo-2008, ibhendi yensimbi ye-minstrel yaseSpain iSaurom yalungisa itimu yomculo esuselwe kunganekwane ye-Monte de las Ánimas.
Eqenjini lama-XNUMXs i-Gabinete Caligari, le ntaba kukhulunywa ngayo engomeni yabo enesihloko esithi "Camino a Soria", eminye imishwana efana nokuthi: "Uma ubona intaba yemiphefumulo, ungayibheki, yeqa, futhi ugcine. ukuhamba" noma "u-Bécquer wayengeyena isilima."
Mayelana noMlobi
Igama lakhe langempela ngokusobala kwakunguGustavo Adolfo Claudio Domínguez Bastida. Isibongo sika-Bécquer, kwakuyisibongo sikayise sikayise, owayenomdabu waseFlemish kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX, futhi wasebenzisa ubuciko ngokulinganayo, ngoba wayengumdwebi odumile waseSevillian.
UBécquer wazalelwa edolobheni laseSeville ngoFebhuwari 17, 1836. Wazuza njengefa izipho zokudweba kuyise, kodwa ukufa kukayise akuzange kumvumele ukuthi aqhubeke nobuciko bokudweba.
Kusukela esemncane, lapho eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, wayekhuthazwa izincwadi nezinkondlo, ekanye nomngane wakhe wasekilasini. Wabumba izincwadi zakhe zokuqala zemibhalo, zohlobo lwedrama, enesihloko esithi: “The Conjured” kanye nomdlalo wamahlaya; "I-desert bujarrón"
[su_note]Ngaso leso sikhathi sasehlobo wafunda ukubhukuda e-Guadalquivir, kanye nokusebenzisa inkemba. Lapho eneminyaka engu-18, waya eMadrid, efuna udumo njengendoda ebhala izincwadi, wathola imisebenzi ethile njengomhumushi wesiFulentshi, waze wakwazi ukuzimisa njengomhleli ephephandabeni elisha elaziwa ngokuthi "El Contemporáneo". /su_note]
Curiosities
Ngaphambi kokuba ngumpetha wezincwadi, ngo-1.854 waya eMadrid eyosebenza njengentatheli futhi wayephethe nokulungisa yonke imidlalo yendabuko yangaphandle.
Ngonyaka ka-1.858 wagula kakhulu engazi imbangela (isifo sofuba noma ugcunsula) futhi wachitha izinyanga eziyisi-9 esibhedlela embhedeni. Umfowabo u-Valeriano nguye owamnakekela futhi wamsekela kulo lonke lolu hlelo, ukuze ekugcineni ashicilele inganekwane yakhe yokuqala " El caudillo de las Manos Rojas ".
Ngaleso sikhathi waphinde wahlangana noJulia Espín okukholakala ukuthi nguye owabangela le milolozelo, nokho, abanye bacabanga ukuthi u-Elisa Guillén.
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu nesikhiqiza kakhulu sika-Adolfo Bécquer owaziwayo senzeka engxenyeni yokuqala ye-1.860s, yingakho ingxenye enkulu yazo zonke izinganekwane zakhe zabhalwa ngalesi sikhathi, esebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza ayenalo.
Ngo-1.861 washada nendodakazi encane kadokotela okuthiwa uCasta Esteban, ayishada futhi nakuba kwakungewona umshado ongcono kakhulu, babe nezingane ezingu-3 futhi babonakala bewumndeni omuhle.
Futhi, waqala umbhalo wakhe wesandla onemvumelwano futhi wasebenza ekwakhiweni kwemibhalo yezintatheli. Kamuva ngonyaka we-1.866 ukhethwa njengomhloli osemthethweni wamanoveli ngakho-ke wayekwazi ukuzinikela ngokugcwele emibhalweni yakhe.
Ngazo zonke izenzakalo zonyaka ka-1.868 kanye nenguquko, ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wakhe futhi umkakhe unquma ukumshiya. Ngenxa yalokho, wathuthela eToledo lapho umfowabo ayekhona futhi ekugcineni waya enhloko-dolobha yaseSpain.
Uma esekule ndawo, uphethe ukuqondisa umagazini "I-Illustration of Madrid". Konke kwakuhamba kahle kwaze kwaba sekufeni kukaValeriano ngonyaka ka-1.870 ngo-September kwambangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu futhi wafa ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu.
Ifa
Umbhali uGustavo Adolfo Bécquer waziwa kanye noRosalía de Castro njengomunye wabameleli abakhulu kakhulu bezincwadi ze-post-romance, kusho izinkondlo ngendlela engokwemvelo enezinkulumo zokukhuluma kodwa ezihlotshisiwe kancane kunasendabeni yezothando.
Futhi, kwaba nethonya elikhulu kubaculi abafana noRubén Darío, Antonio Machado, Juan Ramón Jiménez, phakathi kwabanye abaningi.
Umsebenzi othi El Monte de las Ánimas uwodwa umele ingxenye ebalulekile yezincwadi futhi ushiya nefa elithile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi livela ezindimeni zomculo nakuma-opera abaculi uRodríguez Losada, ibhendi yensimbi ye-minstrel »Saurom» naseqenjini uGabinete Caligari, owayedume kakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-80s.
Iqiniso elibalulekile ukuthi okwamanje kukhona umzila wonke wezivakashi ongavakashela eSoria nokuthi uphefumulelwe ngokuphelele inganekwane yombhali uGustavo Adolfo Bécquer.