Izinganekwane zamaGreki nezamaRoma zigcwele izinganekwane ezihlaba umxhwele eziheha abafundi. Lezi zindaba zikwazile ukusinda ezigidini zeminyaka kanti ezidume kakhulu nazo sezizuze ukuqashelwa kwazo emhlabeni wanamuhla. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko mayelana i-hercules inganekwane, ukuze ufunde konke odinga ukukwazi ngalo mlingiswa.
Ubani u-Hercules?
Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi inganekwane kaHercules, leli qhawe elidumile empeleni liyizinganekwane zamaGreki, uHeracles. Igama lakhe liyinhlanganisela yegama Kleos okusho inkazimulo negama likankulunkulukazi Hera, I-Hēraklḗs Ngakho kusho ukuthi "Inkazimulo kaHera"
Leli qhawe lidume kakhulu ngezindaba zalo ezahlukene. Eqinisweni, uHercules, noma uHeracles, ubhekwa njengomunye wabalingiswa abaziwa kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki nezamaRoma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uHercules wayeyindodana kaZeus, unkulunkulu wokuduma, no-Alcmene, indlovukazi efayo. Wamukelwa ngu-Amphitryon kanye nesihlahla somndeni wakhe, kukholakala ukuthi wayengumzukulu kaPerseus ngozalo lwakhe lomama.
Lokho abaningi abangakwazi mayelana nenganekwane kaHercules ukuthi igama lakhe langempela aliyona i-Hercules. Okusho ukuthi, lapho ezalwa, wathola igama elithi Alceo (kwezinye izinguqulo Alcides) ukuhlonipha umkhulu wakhe u-Alceo. Wathola igama leqhawe empilweni yakhe yomuntu omdala, ngakho-ke lingathathwa njengesidlaliso. U-Apollo wamnikeza igama ukukhombisa ukuthi unesikhundla njengenceku kaHera.
Inganekwane kaHercules isitshela ukuthi ukuphila kwakhe kwakungelula, kwadingeka adlule ekuvivinyweni okuningi nokuhlupheka ukuze akwazi ukuphila phakathi konkulunkulu base-Olympus. Eyaziwa njengomunye wabantu abafayo abanamandla kunabo bonke, amaGreki asendulo ayenombono wokuthi amandla akhe angaphezu kwawomuntu ayeyisipho esivela konkulunkulu ukuze avalelise ukuntula kwakhe ukuhlakanipha nokukhalipha.
Uma lesi sihloko usithandayo, sikumema ukuthi ufunde ezinye ezifana nalesi mayelana nenganekwane kaHercules. Eqinisweni, sincoma ukuthi ufunde izinganekwane nezinsumansumane zaseMexico esigabeni Sezinganekwane nezinsumansumane.
Inganekwane kaHercules
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezindaba eziningi ezimayelana no-Hercules, zinezinguqulo ezihlukile noma zishintshiwe ukuze zivumelane nokulandisa kwesimanje. Kodwa-ke, izinganekwane zikaHercules zinhle kakhulu futhi zihluke kakhulu kulokho wonke umuntu ayekulindele eqhaweni.
Itshela inganekwane kaHercules, ukuthi umlingiswa wakhe wawumubi. Ngolunye lwezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu emhlabeni, wasongela ilanga ngomnsalo wakhe, njengoba amazinga okushisa ayemkhathaza.
Abanye abalingiswa bagqama ngobuhlakani babo, indlela yabo yokubusa noma umusa wabo. U-Hercules waziwa ngokuba nesimo sengqondo esishintshayo, ingqondo yakhe yokungena enkingeni, nemigomo yakhe yobugovu.
Umehluko ocacile ongabonwa uma uqhathaniswa nabanye abalingiswa ukuthi ngaphakathi kwenganekwane kaHercules, akazenzi unkulunkulu, akaziphathi kanjalo. Ukuthandwa kwayo akungenxa yokuthi iphelele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ethatha amandla akhe, u-Hercules wayeyindoda evamile, enezinkinga ezivamile, uhlamvu oluqinile nokuziqhenya.
Isidalwa esingumuntu ngemuva kwenganekwane
Umzala wakhe nomngane uTheus, wayehluke ngokuphelele, wabusa i-Athene, kuyilapho uHercules eqhutshwa izinkanuko zakhe. Ababhali bemidlalo abaningi baseGreece bapenda leli qhawe njengento evamile yemisipha yobuhlakani obuncane. U-Hercules wayekholelwa ukuthi unobuntu obuhle. Wayezimisele ukusiza noma ubani oswele, abaningi bathi lokhu kuzinikela kwakubangelwa ukuxhamazela kwakhe.
Izinkinga eziningi ababebhekana nazo kwakuyizimo ayezidalele ngokwakhe ngokuzivumela ukuba athathelwe imizwelo yakhe. Kwabaningi, yilokhu okwenza u-Hercules abe umlingisi odumile, abantu abafunda izindaba zakhe bangaqondana naye. Lokho akwenza ngokulandelayo, ukuthi wayethandwa abantu baseGreece namaRoma, ngisho nalapho ebangela ukubhujiswa ngenxa yobugovu bakhe.
Uma sihlaziya kancane izindaba zikaHercules, singabona ukuthi izici zakhe eziyisisekelo zixhunywe kanjani nezici ezingachaza abantu. Umehluko kuphela wawuwukuthi ukuba umlingiswa ongcwele kakhudlwana (ethathwa njengonkulunkulu uZeus uyise) lezi zici zandiswa. Ukucabanga nge-Hercules kulula kakhulu, izindaba bezinikezelwe ekuboniseni ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Umthelela wesibalo sikaHercules
Eminyakeni edlule, isithombe sakhe sisetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, nakuba eyaziwa kakhulu ifilimu ka-Disney ka-1997. Iqiniso liwukuthi u-Hercules ungomunye wezinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ezibeka cishe ekuphakameni okufanayo noZeus. Ngokungangabazeki, lokhu kungenxa yobuningi bezinganekwane ezingabhekwa kuye, inani likhulu kangangokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi angabi umlingisi obalulekile emasikweni.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzeka ezigidini zeminyaka edlule noma cha, umphakathi wanamuhla uyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa, ukutadisha nokufunda ngezinganekwane zasendulo nezinsumansumane, ngani? Ngoba kuyindlela elula yokufunda ngokucabanga kokhokho bethu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezi zindaba zingamanga noma cha, izinganekwane, kokubili amaRoma nesiGreki, zazinezinjongo ezimbili: Ukuchaza isenzakalo esingokwemvelo noma ukunikeza imfundiso ethile ebalulekile ngokuziphatha nemiphumela yako.
Injongo yokuqala yalibaleka lapho izincazelo zesayensi zinganikezwa. Nokho, isiphetho sesibili sisagcinwe ezindabeni. Abantu, abavela kumasiko, izinhlanga noma izinkolo ezahlukene bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa ulwazi lwezinganekwane ukuze badlulisele ulwazi. Nakuba ziye zaqhubeka nokuguqulwa ukuze zivumelane kakhulu nomphakathi wesimanje, lokhu akusho ukuthi kwakukhona ukuhlukana ezindabeni zokuqala.
Ungafunda ezinye izindatshana ezifana nalesi ku-Hercules inganekwane kubhulogi yethu. Eqinisweni, sincoma ukuthi ufunde kiss alley
Ukuqala kokuphela
Kungabonakala ezindabeni zenganekwane kaHercules, ukuthi wayengomunye wabagxeki bakhe abakhulu. Izinganekwane zibonisa kithi ukuthi u-Hercules wayengenakujeziswa ngendlela efanayo nomuntu ovamile. Ngakho kwakufanele abe ngumahluleli wakhe siqu, umahluleli nomahluleli. U-Hercules kwadingeka akhonze izijeziso eziningana ngezenzo zakhe, ebhekene nezijeziso eziningi futhi afunge ukuthi ngeke asebenzise amandla akhe aze agcwaliseke.
Naphezu kwalokhu, u-Hercules kwadingeka abhekane nezijeziso eziningana ezingamfanele, inzondo kaHera yenza iqhawe elincane lizithole ezimweni eziningana ezidabukisayo, eziphethwe onkulunkulu hhayi ngesandla sakhe. U-Hercules wayengumlingiswa owayesempini eqhubekayo, kokubili naye kanye nomhlaba wonke.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bachaza ukuthi ukuba khona kukaHercules akunakwenzeka, noma kunjalo, uma umthelela emasikweni amaGreki namaRoma. Ngokungangabazeki unkulunkulu phakathi kwabantu abafayo wayeyisimilo esithandwayo nesihlonishwayo. Kwamanye amarekhodi, kunenkolelo yokuthi abantu abambalwa babemkhulekela futhi bamgcina amashumi eminyaka ambalwa.
I-Hercules yesiGreki
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, uHercules wayengumlingiswa wamaRoma, njengoba amaGreki ayemetha ngokuthi uHeracles. Ngaphandle kwalo mehluko, sikhuluma ngomlingiswa ofanayo, njengoba izindaba zifana ncamashi, yingakho abantu beye bahlanganisa igama lakhe ukuze laziwe emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi uHercules hhayi ngelikaHeracles.
Ngomehluko othile omncane, uHeracles uthathwa njengomunye wabalingiswa besiGreki abadume kakhulu emlandweni, empeleni, kuthiwa umelela i-paradigm ye-virility kanye neqhawe le-oda lama-Olympic ngokumelene nezilo ze-chthonic. Kusukela eGrisi lasendulo kuze kube manje, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukuthandwa kwalo mlingiswa kungenxa yezinombolo zenganekwane enazo.
Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwa kakhulu sinenganekwane yemisebenzi eyishumi nambili, noma kunjalo, igcwele nezinye izindaba zesibili, ezihlanganisa izinhlamvu eziningi, okwenza uHeracles noma u-Hercules ahileleke ezindabeni eziningi. Izazi-mlando zibe nesikhathi esinzima sokwenza ukuchayeka kokulandelana kwezenzakalo okuchaza izenzakalo zokuphila kukaHeracles ngendlela elula yokugwema noma yikuphi ukudideka kwesikhathi.
Izigaba zezinganekwane zikaHercules
Isazi-mlando esingumFulentshi uPierre Grimal sasungula kuDictionary of Greek and Roman Mythology ukuthi izinganekwane zikaHercules zahlukaniswa zaba izigaba ezintathu ezilula:
- Umjikelezo wemisebenzi eyishumi nambili.
- Izenzo ezizimele ezenziwe ngaphambi kweMisebenzi Eyishumi Nambili
- Ukuzidela okuseceleni okwenzeka ngesikhathi somsebenzi.
Lesi sigaba sikwazile ukudala umugqa wesikhathi olula, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwemijikelezo emithathu, yizindaba zokuzalwa kwakhe, ukufa kwakhe futhi kamuva i-apotheosis yakhe, ekhombisa ngaphambi nangemva komlando wakhe.
Ukubhalwa kwenganekwane
Okudala okukhulunywe ngakho ngoHeracles emlandweni ukuvela kwakhe emisebenzini kaHomer noHesiod, nokho, izindaba zohambo lwakhe azizange zivele kwaze kwaba yilapho imisebenzi kaHomer noHesiod. Lindos Psinus (owayengowokuzalwa eRhodes futhi ongaziwa umlando wakhe, imvelaphi nozalo lwakhe olwalandela), I-Pisander yaseCamiros (imbongi yaseRhodian yekhulu lama-640 BC) kanye I-Paniasis ye-Halicarnassus (Umbhali womsebenzi u-Heracleia kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC).
Yonke imisebenzi yasekuqaleni, ngaphandle kwezingcezu ezimbalwa, ilahlekile emlandweni, isici esivamile phakathi kwezinganekwane ezihlukahlukene zamaGreki nezinganekwane, ezihlulekile ukusinda ekuziphendukeleni komphakathi.
Isikhathi ngemuva kokuvela kwakhe kokuqala, izimbongi, abahlaziyi kanye nabadwebi bezinganekwane zenkathi yamaGreki yibo kuphela imibhalo yabo ekwazile ukufinyelela namuhla, bakhuluma ngezenzo zikaHeracles, okubaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwabo futhi kamuva nokuphatha. ukwakha isithonjana salo mlingiswa phakathi neminyaka.
Kwezinye izinganekwane
Ukubuka uHeracles ngokusebenzisa amasiko kunelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, ngoba amaGreki akwazi ukusabalalisa izindaba kanye nenkolo yalo mlingiswa kuzo zonke izindawo lapho ahlala khona, lokhu kwafinyelela ukuthi umlingisi wahlanganiswa ezinganekwaneni ezihlukahlukene noma ngisho nokumkhomba ngomlingisi othile wasenganekwaneni wangaphambili. Phakathi kwama-Etruscans, ayezamukela kakhulu izinganekwane zamaGreki, umlingiswa kaHeracles kwaba uHercle, indodana kaTinia no-Uni.
Kwakungenxa yalezi zomuntu ukuthi amaLatins akwazi ukuthuthukisa isibalo sikaHeracles ukuze silingane nomphakathi wabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma, uHeracles waba uHercules, noma kunjalo, akazange alahlekelwe umlando noma izici zakhe, njengoba umlingisi wayefana, into kuphela eyenzekayo ukuthi banezela izenzakalo ezimbalwa ngezindawo ngaphakathi kwe-Italy neLazio. , ukuze laba bamele isiko labo kodwa izindaba zokuqala, njengemisebenzi eyishumi nambili zahlala zifana.
Kwezinye izimo, kwakungamaGreki ngokwawo ayelinganisa ezinye izidalwa zasenganekwaneni ezivela emasikweni ahlukene noHercules, okungukuthi, aguqule izinhlamvu zemiphakathi ehlukene ukuze zimelelwe njengoHercules, kwakunjalo ngonkulunkulu waseFenike uMelkart noma waseGibhithe. onkulunkulu uKhonsu noHerishef. Izici zabo ezifanayo zenza amaGreki amele laba balingisi njengeqhawe elilodwa.
Ukuzalwa Nobuntwana
Ngaphakathi kwenganekwane kaHercules, ukuzalwa kwakhe okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi konke ukuphila kwakhe kwenzeka kanjani. UZeus, unkulunkulu wokuduma nezulu, wayelele no-Alcmene, indlovukazi, indodakazi ka-Electrion nomzukulu kaPerseus ngezizathu ezingaziwa. Lapho, wathatha isimo somyeni ka-Alcmene, u-Amphitryon waseThebes, owayeye empini namaTaphian.
Lapho u-Amphitryon ebuya, naye walala nomkakhe, okwamenza wakhulelwa amawele, elinye lawo kwakuyindodana kaZeus kanye nendodana yomyeni wakhe. Ikusasa likaHeracles nomfowabo u-Iphicles lase linqunyiwe kakade ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe. Lapho laba sebezozalwa, uZeus wafunga ukuthi omunye wabantwana abazalwa ngaphansi kwendlu kaPerseus ngalobo busuku wayezoba inkosi enkulu.
Okuningi mayelana nobuntwana
Izinguqulo eziningana zithi kwakunguHera owaqinisekisa uZeus ukuba afunge ingane bese ethatha ilungelo lakhe lomqhele, noma kunjalo, inguqulo eyamukelwa kakhulu ichaza ukuthi uHera wayengazi lutho mayelana nokungathembeki kukaZeus kuze kube ngalobo busuku. Ngemva kokufunga, uHera wathola lokho umyeni wakhe ayekwenzile, ememezela ukuphinga futhi edala inzondo embi ngesithelo sokungathembeki, okungukuthi, kunoma yiziphi izingane ezimbili ezazingezomyeni wakhe.
U-Hera wayaziwa njengomlingiswa oziphindiselela ngokwedlulele, azinikela ngakho ekulimazeni ubuqotho bezingane, ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe, u-Hera wagijimela kwa-Alcmene futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi unciphisa ukusebenza kwakhe ngokumenza ahlale ephambanise imilenze futhi enamafindo. ezingutsheni zakhe, ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza u-Eurystheus, umzala wamawele, azalwe ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambili, ukuze athweswe umqhele njengenkosi yaseMycenae iminyaka yakhe.
U-Hera wayenamandla okunciphisa ukubeletha impilo yonke, okwamvimba, kwakungobuqili bukaGalantis, incekukazi, eyayimtshele ukuthi usesize izingane ezizalwe, uHera, edidekile, waqaqa amafindo izingubo zika-Alcmene zimnika ithuba lokuzala izingane zakhe.
I-Little Hercules Adventures
Abancane bazalelwa eThebes futhi amaGreki ayekhumbula ukuzalwa kwabo ngokugubha usuku lwesine lwenyanga ngayinye yamaGreki. Kunezinguqulo eziningana eziqinisekisa ukuthi kunezinye izindlela uHera azama ngazo ukunciphisa ukuzalwa, naphezu kwalokhu, zonke ziphela ngendlela efanayo, zikhohliswa yincekukazi.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe, uHera waphinde wazama ukuqeda lesi sidalwa, wathumela uHeracles izinyoka ezimbili ukuba zimbulale ngenkathi elele embhedeni wakhe. Okwenzeka ngempela ukuthi iqhawe elincane laklinya inyoka esandleni ngasinye, ekhombisa amandla akhe amakhulu, umzanyana wamthola ngemuva kwesikhathi, edlala ngomzimba wesilwane sengathi ithoyizi.
Lesi sithombe (somntwana uHeracles eklinya izinyoka) saduma kakhulu futhi saboniswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezobuciko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunenganekwane ekhuluma ngokudalwa kwe-milky way futhi ehlanganisa uHeracles. Kuthiwa uZeus wamkhohlisa uHera ekunceliseni uHeracles nokuthi lapho ethola ukuthi ungubani, wamhlukanisa nesifuba sakhe, okwenza umfudlana wobisi ugeleze, owakha ibala esibhakabhakeni (Kukhona enye inguqulo ebonisa ukuthi hhayi uHermesi kodwa uHermes nokuthi uHera wagcina ethanda usana olusanda kuzalwa)
Intsha
Inganekwane kaHercules iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ibanzi, naphezu komzamo wokubulala esemncane, uHeracles wakhula enempilo futhi eqinile, nomfowabo, bathola amakilasi ahlukene, ikakhulukazi ikilasi lomculo likathisha uLino. Ubuntu kanye nesimilo sikaHeracles kwaqala ukukhula kusukela ebusheni bakhe, kwakuhluke kakhulu kwabanye, ngoba wayengumfundi ovukelayo futhi ongaqondi.
ULino wayelokhu ekhuze njalo uHeracles, okwayicasula le nsizwa yagcina ngokuyishaya ngehabhu okwagcina ngokushona kukaLino. UHeracles kwadingeka abhekane nenkantolo futhi wabekwa icala lokubulala, kodwa wakwazi ukuphuma enkingeni, njengoba ecaphuna isigwebo sikaRadamanthys, ngokusho kwawo, sasikhona ukuchaza ilungelo lokubulala uma kuwukuzivikela (nakuba lino-lino). wayengakaze amthinte uHeracles nganoma isiphi isikhathi, akekho owayengafakazela ngenye indlela).
ubusha obude
UHeracles kwathiwa umsulwa kodwa u-Amphitryon waqeda isiphetho sendodana yakhe njengoba kwaphawulwa ukuthi wayeyisisulu sezifiso zakhe, ezama ukugwema ikusasa elibi, wathumela uHeracles ensimini lapho embeke khona njengomphathi womhlambi, umsebenzi owawuzoqinisekisa ukuthi akasacasuka. Lapho waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe futhi wakwazi ukungenela ubuciko bezikhali, ekhetha umnsalo nomcibisholo njengentandokazi yakhe.
UHeracles wenza izinto eziningi ezimangalisayo empilweni yakhe yonke, edume kakhulu kwakuwukubulala ibhubesi laseCithaeron, elalihlukumeza futhi lizingela yonke imihlambi yendawo. Lapho esefile, uHeracles wathatha isikhumba sakhe wasigqokisa, esinika i-aura enobudlova futhi enamandla nakakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye yezindaba ezaziwa kakhulu ikhuluma ngokuthi indodakazi yeNkosi uCreon yakwazi kanjani ukuba nesandla sikaMegara.
Okunye Ukubonakaliswa Nezenzo
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ebuya ekuzingeleni, ehlangana neqembu lezithunywa zenkosi yaseMinian u-Erginus wase-Orchomenus, owayenqobe amaThebans eminyakeni eminingi kamuva futhi owabeka intela okufanele ikhokhwe unyaka ngamunye. UHeracles wahlasela lo mGreki, wamnquma ikhala nezindlebe futhi wazibopha izintamo. Ekugcineni, wathumela leli qembu emuva nomyalezo wokuthi konke lokhu kwakuyisipho azosithola.
Inkosi yaseTheban uCreon yakujabulela ukungenelela kwayo yaze yamnika isandla sendodakazi yakhe endala, iNkosazana Megara, eyagcina inezingane ezimbalwa nayo. Udadewabo omncane kaMegara, uPyrrha, washada newele likaHeracles, u-Iphicles.
Uma ufuna ukufunda ezinye izindatshana ezinjengalesi mayelana nenganekwane kaHercules, sikumema ukuthi uhlole izigaba ezahlukahlukene esinazo kubhulogi yethu. Eqinisweni, sincoma ukuthi ufunde Inganekwane ye-Persephone.
Ukungenelela kukaHercules
Ukuqhubeka kancane nephuzu elidlule, enye yezindaba ezakha inganekwane kaHercules ekuqaleni ukulandisa kokungenelela kwakhe lapho ebhekene nokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalakahle, le nganekwane iyathakazelisa impela, ngoba iyindaba emfushane echaza ukuthi inhliziyo yeqhawe ihlezi isiza abantu. Inganekwane ithi wayebuya ekubulaleni ibhubesi laseCithaeron, ukuthi wahlangana nezithunywa eziningana zeNkosi u-Erginos, lezi zazifuna inkokhiso amaThebans okwakudingeka ayikhokhe kwabakhileyo base-Orchomenus.
U-Hercules, ethukuthele ngalesi sithelo, wanquma amakhala nezindlebe zezithunywa, ezilenga entanyeni futhi etshela abasindile ukuthi uzoletha le nkokhiso enkosini yakhe. U-Erginos, ecasulwe yilesi senzo, waya eThebes ukuyohlangana neqhawe, u-Hercules wamnqoba futhi wabeka izakhamuzi zase-Orcémonos, kabili lokho ababekubeke.
umqaphi
Inkosi yaseThebes yavuza uHercules ngesenzo sakhe, uCreon wamnika isandla sendodakazi yakhe endala, uPrincess Megara. Lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane ezintathu (kwezinye izinguqulo kuboniswa ukuthi zaziyisishiyagalombili). Ngeshwa ngoHercules, wayengeke akwazi ukuba nesiphetho sakhe esijabulisayo, ngoba inzondo kaHera yayinkulu kangangokuthi uHercules wahlaselwa ngokuzumayo kobuhlanya okubangela ukuba abulale umndeni wakhe.
Ehlazekile futhi engakwazi ukubekezelela ubuhlungu, uHercules wazama ukuzibulala, kodwa lapho ebuza uPythia (owayengumshumayeli waseDelphi) ngokuzisola kwakhe, wamtshela ukuthi angakwazi futhi kufanele azihlanze ebugebengwini bakhe nokuthi wayezokwenza. ukwenza lokhu kuphela ngokuzibeka enkonzweni nesihe kumzala wakhe u-Eurystheus, inkosi yaseMycenae, ngaphezu kwalokho, yamyala ukuba athathe igama lesiLatini elithi Hercules.
izisebenzi eziyishumi nambili
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunezindaba eziningi ezikhuluma ngo-Hercules, noma njengomlingiswa oyinhloko noma wesibili, inganekwane eyaziwa kakhulu yileyo yemisebenzi eyishumi nambili, hhayi nje ngoba bathi kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu (iminyaka eyishumi nambili, unyaka owodwa. umsebenzi ngamunye) kodwa futhi yilokho okwaqala izigemegeme ezimbalwa zesibili, ezifanayo, azenza ngenkathi enza imisebenzi, okwenza ukuthi izindaba ezengeziwe zengezwe esigcawini sakhe.
Izisebenzi eziyishumi nambili zaziyisijeziso esabekwa yi-Oracle yaseDelphi. UHeracles wayebulele umkakhe nabantwana ngokusangana okuzumayo okwabangelwa uHera, izinguqulo eziningi zezinganekwane zikhuluma ukuthi waphinde wabulala abashana bakhe ababili kanti kwezinye, ukuthi uMegara, umkakhe, wasala ephila.
Iqiniso liwukuthi uHeracles akakwazanga ukubhekana nobuhlungu nokululazwa ayenakho, ngakho lapho ephaphama futhi eqaphela ayekwenzile, wanquma ukuzibulala, wahamba waya ezindaweni zasendle, wazihlukanisa nawo wonke umphakathi ukuze alindele umphefumulo wakhe. ukufa. Iwele lakhe, u-Iphicles, wafuna umfowabo futhi wamqinisekisa ukuba aye e-Oracle yaseDelphi ukuze athole inhlawulo ngesenzo sakhe. Isibikezelo samtshela ukuthi kufanele ahlanze umphefumulo wakhe nokuthi ngenxa yalokhu kufanele azinikele ku-Eurystheus futhi amkhonze.
Ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi eyi-12
U-Eurystheus wayengumzala wakhe kodwa futhi wayeyindoda uHeracles ayezondwa kakhulu, njengoba ayezithwese umqhele njengenkosi, emphuca ilungelo lakhe lokufuna umqhele. UHeracles wavuma futhi ngaphansi komyalo wenkosi wenza imisebenzi eyishumi ngempumelelo, nokho, uHera, owayengakakunqobi ukungathembeki komyeni wakhe, wanquma ukumhlasela futhi futhi waqinisekisa u-Eurystheus ukuthi amake umsebenzi wesibili njengongasebenzi, njengoba umshana wakhe u-Yolao wayemsizile. yena kanye nomsebenzi wakhe wesihlanu, empeleni obekungumsebenzi we-Augeas.
Lokhu kungenelela kukaHera kwabangela ukuthi uHeracles enze eminye imisebenzi emibili, enikeza inani lemisebenzi eyishumi nambili njengenkokhelo. Okuthile okufisa ukwazi kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi le ngxenye yenganekwane yezincwadi eziyishumi nambili yayingeyona ingxenye yenganekwane lapho idalwa, njengoba izikhathi zazishintsha, izinguqulo ezazikhona zazihlukahluka kangangokuthi zashintshwa ukuze zivumelane nemisebenzi eyishumi nambili futhi ngaleyo ndlela zichaze ngoba kwakukhona. inombolo enjalo eguquguqukayo phakathi kwezinguqulo.
Incazelo yemisebenzi eyi-12
Nakuba abantu abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi umugqa wesikhathi kaHeracles uyadida kakhulu, imisebenzi yakhe eminingi ikwenza kungenzeki ukudala ukulandelana kwezikhathi okuqondile, ngaphandle kwalokhu, kuye kwachazwa (ngokusho kwama-akhawunti ahlukene) ukuthi uhlelo lwendabuko lwemisebenzi lumi kanje :
- Bulala ibhubesi laseNemean futhi ulihlubule isikhumba sakhe
- Bulala i-Lernaean Hydra
- Thatha i-Cerinia Doe
- Bamba i-Erymanthian Boar
- Hlanza izitebele zama-Augeans ngosuku olulodwa,
- Bulala izinyoni zeStymphalus
- Thatha Inkunzi yaseKrethe
- Bamba izimbila zeDiomedes
- Thatha Ibhande lika-Hippolyta
- Eqhuba izinkomo zikaGeryon
- Ukubamba ama-apula engadini ye-Hesperides
- Bamba u-cerberus futhi umkhiphe endaweni engaphansi komhlaba.
Ngokomlando kaJerome wase-Estridón, uHeracles wakwazi ukuqeda imisebenzi yakhe eyishumi nambili ngonyaka we-1246 BC, lolu suku lwamukelwa izazi-mlando eziningi.
Bulala Ingonyama YaseNemean
Umsebenzi wokuqala uHeracles okwakumelwe awenzele u-Eurystheus kwakuwukuzingela ibhubesi laseNemea futhi alihlubule isikhumba. Leli bhubesi laliyisidalwa esinonya elalihlala emzini waseNemeya, lazinikela ekuthuseleni zonke izakhamuzi eziseduze nalo. Abantu abaningi bazama ukusinqoba lesi sidalwa, nokho, isikhumba saso siminyene kangangokuthi asikho isikhali esasingangena kuso.
UHeracles wayephathiswe ukubulala isilo, waya eNemea futhi wahlala endlini kaMolorco, esuka lapho waya ezingela ibhubesi, wenza imizamo eminingana yokulehlisa, wasebenzisa izinsuku zakhe, wamhlasela ngenkemba yakhe yethusi futhi wambulala. wamshaya ngenduku yethusi, nokho, konke kwaba yize lapho ebona ukuthi lezi zikhali azimenzanga monakalo.
UHeracles wahlela ukushaya kwamasu futhi waya endaweni yezilwane, yayineminyango emibili, ngakho wanquma ukuvala eyodwa futhi ashiye enye ekhululekile ukubaleka. Wakhaba ibhubesi ukuze lithole ukuthi kungani livuliwe futhi liyivalele ekhoneni, waliklinya kwaze kwafa isilo. UHeracles wacosha ibhubesi wathwala isidumbu sakhe wasiyisa eMycenae, ukuze u-Eurystheus abone isilo, u-Eurystheus wethuka kangangokuthi wenqatshelwa ukungena edolobheni, okwenza ukuthi yonke eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ephelile iboniswe ngaphandle.
Okuningi kokuhlatshwa kwengonyama
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkosi yayala abakhandi bensimbi ukuba bakha imbiza yethusi, yona ngokwayo eyayiyifihle ngaphansi komhlaba, yaba yindawo yokucasha ukuze azimemezele kuHeracles. U-Eurystheus uphathise iqhawe imiyalelo yakhe ngeHerald.
Nakuba ayesibulele lesi sidalwa, umsebenzi wawungakaqedi, njengoba kwakufanele akhiphe isikhumba. Washeshe wabona ukuthi amathuluzi akhe ayengaselusizo lwalutho, njengoba isikhumba sebhubesi esingangeneki sasisenza umsebenzi ungenzeki. U-Athena wanquma ukumsiza, ngakho eguqulela ekubeni umthakathi omdala, wayala uHeracles ukuba asebenzise izinzipho zebhubesi ukwenza umsebenzi, lapho eseqedile, eseqedile umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala.
UHeracles wasebenzisa isikhumba sebhubesi kukho konke ukuzijabulisa kwakhe, njengoba kwakuyisivikelo esiphelele, izinzipho zazigcinwa ukuze zenze imicibisholo futhi ikhanda lalisetshenziswa njengesigqoko sokuzivikela.
Bulala i-Lerma Hydra
Umsebenzi wesibili kaHeracles kwakuwukubulala iHydra yaseLerna, lesi kwakungesinye sezilo ezindala nezingenasihawu emhlabeni we-chthonic wamanzi, isimo sawo sasisabekayo njengoba sasinomzimba wenyoka eyi-polycephalic, amakhanda ayo amathathu ( ezinye izinguqulo ezinhlanu , eziyisihiyagalolunye noma eziyikhulu) zazisabekayo, kepha enye yazo yayimbozwe ngethusi futhi ingafi. Lesi silo sasinzima kakhulu ukusibulala, isimo saso sasisho ukuthi uma kunqunywa ikhanda laso elilodwa, kuvele amabili khona lapho.
Kwase kuthiwa lesi sidalwa sinomoya onobuthi. Wakhuliswa nguHera ngaphansi kwesihlahla sendiza eduze kwe-Amimone spring, eLake Lerna. Lapho, i-hydra yaqapha umnyango we-underworld. Ukubulawa kwalesi sidalwa kwakuhlelwe kuphela ngoba kwakukholelwa ukuthi angabulala uHeracles, iLernaean hydra yayingudadewabo weBhubesi laseNemea, womele ukuziphindiselela, u-Eurystheus wabona ithuba elihle lokuqeda uHeracles.
Lapho leli qhawe lifika exhaphozini eliseduze neLake Lerma, laliphelezelwa umshana walo uYolao, njengoba uHeracles ayecele usizo lwalo ukuze anqobe isilo. Bobabili abalingiswa bavala amakhala kanye nemilomo ukuze bazivikele emoyeni we-hydra onobuthi futhi baqonde emthonjeni we-amimone, isiphephelo sabo.
Imininingwane yale mpi ichazwa ngu-Apollodorus, okhombisa ukuthi uHeracles udubule imicibisholo evuthayo emthonjeni, ephoqe i-hydra.
amandla enkemba
Lapho enza kanjalo, uHeracles wamhlasela ngenkemba yakhe, enquma amakhanda awo amaningana.Kunezinye izinguqulo ezibonisa ukuthi uHera wathumela inkalankala ebizwa ngokuthi iCarcinos ukuze icindezele uHeracles ezinyaweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela imphazamise ekulweni kwabo. echoboza isilwane futhi silokhu silwa.
I-hydra ivuselela amakhanda amabili lapho eyodwa yahlukaniswa khona. Okwenze iqhawe labona ukuthi ngeke liphumelele ngale ndlela. U-Iolaus uphakamise uHeracles ukuba akhiphe isilonda ukuze avimbele ikhanda elisha ekukhuleni, lo mbono kungenzeka ukuthi uphefumulelwe ngu-Athena. Ukufeza lokhu, u-Yolao noHeracles basebenzisana, kuyilapho iqhawe lizinikele ekunqumeni amakhanda, u-Yolao wedlulisa indwangu evuthayo phezu kwesiphunzi evala inxeba.
Ngalo msebenzi ohlangene, bobabili bakwazi ukunqoba i-Lerma hydra, beyishiya ingenakhanda. UHeracles wathatha ikhanda elingenakufa, elalingenamsebenzi ngokuphelele ngaphandle komzimba wonke, futhi walingcwaba ngaphansi kwedwala elikhulu endleleni ephakathi kweLerna no-Eleia. Ngale ndlela, wakwazi ukuqeda umsebenzi wakhe wesibili.
Ukwengeza, uHeracles kuthiwa ucwilise imicibisholo yakhe eminingana egazini elinobuthi le-hydra futhi walisebenzisa phakathi nohambo lwakhe. Ngeshwa, lo msebenzi kamuva wachithwa lapho uHera etshela u-Eurystheus ukuthi kwakungu-Iolaus owashisa izigxobo, okwenza yonke imizamo ayenzile ingavumelekile.
Thatha i-Cerinea doe
Indluzelekazi yaseCerinea yayinezinselo zethusi nezimpondo zegolide, kwakungesona isilwane esibi, esikude nayo, nokho, yayiyinqaba futhi yayilangazelelwa, ngoba kwathiwa yayingcweliswe unkulunkulukazi u-Arthemisi, ngokwakhe, owayezamile. ukubamba izindluzelekazi ezinhlanu ukuze azibophe enqoleni yakhe futhi eyodwa kuphela eyayikwazile ukubaleka.
U-Eurystheus wayala uHeracles ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wesithathu kufanele kube ukuthumba le nsikazi. UHeracles wajaha lesi silwane ubusuku nemini unyaka wonke engakwazi ukusibamba. Ijubane lalesi silwane laliphakeme kunelenyamazane evamile, njengoba kwakungafinyeleli ngisho nemicibisholo kuso.
Wagcina ekwazile ukuyibamba lapho imisa ezweni lamaHyperboreans ukuze inathe amanzi, ngomcibisholo, yabhoboza imilenze yayo emibili yangaphambili, ibhoboza isikhumba, umsipha kanye nethambo kuphela. UHeracles akazange afise ukuchitha igazi lakhe njengoba bethi wushevu omubi ongabulala ngisho unkulunkulu.
Iqhawe lahola indlovukazi eMycenae, lapho u-Eurystheus ebona khona ukuthi usewuqedile umsebenzi. UHeracles ugqugquzele amanye amaqhawe asendulo, afana noYhuidr noCasto.
Thatha i-Erymanthian Boar
Ngaphakathi endabeni yomsebenzi kunendaba yesibili eyenzeka kancane ngaphambi kokuba uHeracles athole izingulube ze-Erymanthus. Lesi silo sasiyisidalwa esibi esadala ukuzamazama komhlaba ngokuthanda kwakho futhi sabhubhisa izitshalo zedolobha lase-Erymanthus, sadala umonakalo endaweni ezungezile futhi sadla izinsizwa, sashiya idolobha eliseduze ngaphandle kwazo.
ngaphambi komsebenzi
Ngesikhathi u-Heracles esendleleni eya e-Erymanthus, wathatha ikhefu elincane ukuze avakashele umngane wakhe omdala, lena kwakuyi-centaur Pholus. Ekhumbula ubungane babo nezikhathi ezimnandi ababezichithe ndawonye, wadla naye newayini lakhe.
Ama-centaurs ayeseduze ayethukuthele, njengoba iwayini lalingcwele futhi kufanele liphuze ama-centaurs kuphela, lezi zidalwa zanquma ukuhlasela uHeracles, owaqala ukuphikisa.
Naphezu kwalokhu, uHeracles kancane kancane wathukuthela futhi wabulala amaningana ama-centaur esebenzisa imicibisholo eyayicwiliswe egazini le-hydra. Lapho sekusele yena kuphela, umngane wakhe kanye nama-centaur afile, wanquma ukungcwaba izisulu zakhe. UFolo, wakhipha omunye wemicibisholo yalokhu waqala ukuhlola umcibisholo, wafisa ukwazi ukuthi insimbi elula kangaka ingaqeda kanjani ukuphila kwezidalwa ezimangalisayo.
UFolo wawisa umcibisholo wazifihla esikhumbeni sakhe, wabhoboza futhi wabulala i-centaur. UHeracles wangcwaba umngane wakhe wakudala phansi kwentaba, kamuva eyayizoqanjwa ngokuthi iFoloe.
Umsebenzi
Ngemva kokungcwatshwa kukaPholus, uHeracles waqhubeka nendlela yakhe futhi wagcina etholile ingulube, ngemva kokuyijaha amahora ambalwa, wakwazi ukuyibeka ekhoneni endaweni eneqhwa lapho egxuma khona emhlane. UHeracles akazange ayibulale ingulube, wayibopha kuphela futhi wayiletha e-Mycenae iphila, amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo aleli qhawe enza ukuba akwazi ukuthwala isilo emahlombe akhe.
Hlanza izitebele ze-Augean ngosuku olulodwa
Ukuhlanza izitebele kwakuwumsebenzi ovamile ezincekwini zangaleso sikhathi, kodwa, izitebele zase-Augean zaziyizitebele ezihluke kakhulu, izinkomo ezazihlala lapho zazibekwe onkulunkulu enkosini yama-Elis, yena ngokwakhe, wayengenakuthola isifo , ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayegadwe izinkunzi eziyishumi nambili, uyise, unkulunkulu welanga uHelios, ayezinike inkosi.
Kwakungeyona nje izinkomo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezweni, kodwa futhi, izibaya zazingakaze zihlanzwe. U-Eurystheus wanika uHeracles lo msebenzi, njengoba wayecabanga ukuthi wayengenakuwuqeda, njengoba indle lapho yayinkulu kangangokuthi kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuyihlanza ngosuku olulodwa.
Ukuqeda lo msebenzi kwakungenakwenzeka kangangokuthi u-Augeas ngokwakhe wenza ukubheja komuntu siqu noHeracles, uma ekwazi ukususa izindawo zokuhlala, u-Augeas wayezomnika ingxenye yezinkomo zakhe. Nakuba kungekho obekulindele, uHeracles ukwazile ukuhlanza izitebela, bekungadingi amandla akhe kodwa ubuhlakani obuncane.
Ngokuphambukisa umzila wemifula i-Aldeo nePeneo, wazuza ukuthi ngokusebenzisa umsele ayewumbile yena, amanzi ayezohlanza konke ukungcola okwakukuleyo ndawo. UHeracles, okwamangaza wonke umuntu, wayekwazile ukuqeda umsebenzi wakhe wesihlanu.
i-adventure ehlobene
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, ngaphakathi kwenganekwane kaHercules kunemisebenzi eminingana ekhiqize izigigaba ezengeziwe, esimweni somsebenzi wesihlanu. U-Eurystheus no-Augeas bebengalindele ukuthi uHeracles angawuqeda lo msebenzi. U-Eurystheus wamtshela ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe awuvumelekile ngoba wayazi ngokubheja ukuthi bobabili bavumelene (uHera, waphinde watshela u-Eurystheus konke), inkosi yathi umsebenzi awuzange wenziwe nguye kodwa imifula, ngakho kufanele yenze. omunye umsebenzi owengeziwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho uHeracles efuna inkokhelo yokubheja kwakhe e-Augeas, wenqaba ukusebenzisa impikiswano efanayo naleyo u-Eurystheus ayeyisebenzisile. UHeracles, esikhundleni sokuthukuthela nokumbulala, wanquma ukuyisa lolu daba enkantolo, ethola ubufakazi bukaPhileo, indodana ka-Augeas, owayevuna leli qhawe.
Funda kabanzi ngombungazi, u Augeas
Ngokungabaza, u-Augeas wanikeza uHeracles ingxenye yezinkomo zakhe kodwa waxosha indodana yakhe ngenxa yokuthi wayemenze walahlekelwa ingqondo, kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi uHeracles washiya u-Elis futhi ufuna umfelandawonye wezinye izikhulu kulo lonke elaseGrisi ukuze avikele uPhileo. Umemezela impi ku-Augeas futhi uhlasela ngokunquma amawele akwaMoliendas, ojenene ababili abaphumelelayo.
Akazange ayinqobe impi, empeleni, ibutho le-Augean lakwazi ukubulala umfowabo u-Iphicles. Esikhathini esithile kamuva abaseKorinte, ababengabambisene noHeracles, bamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthula, basayina incwadi yokuvala isivumelwano yase-Isthmus futhi benza iMidlalo Yase-Isthmus, okungenzeka yandulele iMidlalo Yama-Olympic Yase-Antiquity.
Naphezu kwalokhu, uHeracles akazange akukhohlwe lokho kugwazwa emhlane, ngakho eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, wasebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi izigayo kanye namadoda abo babegubha umkhosi wokuhlonipha uPoseidon ukuze bababambe ekuqamekeleni, lapho akwazi khona ukuhlaba. ibutho le-Augean, libulala indodana yakhe u-Eurytus futhi libulala amaMolion, limshiya engenabo ojenene bakhe abangcono kakhulu.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wabuyela ukuqasha omunye esetshenziswa phakathi kwemizi Peloponnese, lapho washaya igalelo lakhe lokugcina, waphanga Elis futhi wabulala Augias, wabeka Fileo, owayedingisiwe, njengenkosi esemthethweni yedolobha.
Bulala izinyoni zeStymphalus
Ngomsebenzi wakhe wesihlanu, uHeracles kwadingeka abulale izinyoni ze-Stymphalus, lezi zilwane kwakuyizinyoni ezinoqhwaku, amaphiko nezinzipho zethusi. Atholakala endaweni ezungeze iLake Stymphalus, ecashe emahlathini aseduze. Ku-Euristeo lezi zinyoni zaziyingozi ezakhamuzini ngoba zazinolaka futhi zazidla inyama, zidla kokubili abantu endaweni kanye nemfuyo yabo.
UHeracles wafika eStymphalus wabe eseyodubula izinyoni ngemicibisholo yakhe, ewisa eziningi zazo, nokho emva kokuzama isikhathi eside, waqaphela ukuthi zaziningi futhi nenani lemicibisholo ayenayo wayengakwazi ngayo yonke. okwenza isipho sakhe esikhulu samandla sasingenamsebenzi.
U-Athena wanquma ukusiza uHeracles, evela endleleni yakhe futhi wamnika i-rattle yethusi (uhlobo oluthile lwensimbi) futhi echaza ukuthi kwakudingeka ayikhalise egqumeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Ngokwenza lokho, ama-straw ayesaba kakhulu kangangokuthi andiza angabe esabonwa eduze nechibi. Izinyoni eziningi zahamba zaya esiqhingini sase-Ares oLwandle Olufile kuyilapho ezinye zabalekela eMycenae.
Lapho uHeracles efika ezonikeza lezi zindaba ku-Eurystheus, waqaphela ukuthi wayecashe esiphephelweni sakhe njengoba izinyoni eziningana zindiza phezu kwesigodlo sakhe, iqhawe lakhala futhi insimbi futhi izinyoni zasuka lapho.
Thatha Inkunzi yaseKrethe
Enye yezindaba ezaziwa kakhulu ezinganekwaneni ilandisa ngeMinotaur evalelwe ku-labyrinth eKrethe. Abaningi abangakwazi ukuthi uHeracles wayethunywe ukuba abambe uyise, okungukuthi, inkunzi yaseKrethe uPoseidon ayeyikhiphe olwandle lapho iNkosi uMinos imthembisa ukuthi wayezoyenza umhlatshelo.
INkosi uMinos, naphezu kokuba yamukele isivumelwano, yafihla inkunzi lapho ibona ubuhle bayo, okwathi uPoseidon wamjezisa ngokwenza umkakhe athandane nenkunzi futhi alale nayo, kusukela kuleyo nyunyana uMinotaur wazalwa, okwathi kamuva kwadingeka avalelwe njengoba wayeyingozi kwabakhileyo eKrethe. Nakuba wonke umuntu ekhuluma ngoMinotaur, bambalwa abakhuluma ngomsunguli walokhu.
Waqokwa u-Eurystheus ukuba abambe inkunzi uma ekwazi futhi ayixoshe eKrethe, uHeracles wakwenza lokhu futhi wayiyisa eMycenae ngaphesheya koLwandle i-Aegean. Inkosi yayifuna ukuyinikela njengomnikelo kuHera, kodwa wenqaba futhi bashiya leyo nkunzi endle njengomuntu okhululekile.
Bamba izimbila ze-Diomedes
Imisebenzi eminingi u-Eurystheus ayinikeza uHeracles kwakungenxa yokuthi yayingenangqondo noma wayeqiniseka ukuthi wayezobulawa, uma kwenzeka umsebenzi wesikhombisa, kwakungenjalo. Izinsikazi ze-Diomedes empeleni kwakuyizilwane ezine ezidla inyama, nakuba kwezinye izinguqulo zishiwo njengezilwane ezingamashumi amabili.
Laba babenakekelwa uDiomedes futhi wazivalela, ngaphezu kwalokho, wabaphakela izivakashi ezingenacala ezazihlala edolobheni.
Umsebenzi: Maqondana nomsebenzi, uHeracles wahamba neqembu elikhulu lamavolontiya futhi wakwazi ukuthola izimbila futhi azithumbe, uDiomedes wathumela ibutho lakhe ukuba lixoshe amasela. Leli qhawe labe selithumela umngane walo u-Abdero ukuba anakekele izimbila ngesikhathi yena namadoda akhe belwa nebutho lamasosha ayefuna ukuzibulala. Ngeshwa, ngenkathi u-Abdero ezama ukukhulula inqola, izimbila zaphuka futhi zamshwabadela.
UHeracles namadoda akhe bakwazi ukunqoba ibutho lesitha, iqhawe labulala uDiomedes ngokumjikijela ezinsikazini zakhe, okwakuyizilwane ezingenazwelo, zamshwabadela ngonya. Izitha ezimbalwa ezazisamile zabaleka ngenxa yokwesaba lapho zibona lesi sigameko.
Ngasizathu simbe, ngemva kokubulawa, baba mnene ngokwedlulele, ngakho uHeracles wakwazi ukuzibopha enqoleni entsha futhi wabayisa eMycenae, lapho wabanikeza khona u-Eurystheus, owanikela ngabo njengomnikelo kuHera. Izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene zale nganekwane zibonisa ukuthi izimbila zafa eNtabeni i-Olympus, ziwela ezilwaneni ezinamandla ezinjengolaka nezilokazane.
i-adventure ehlobene
Njengeminye yemisebenzi, lena nayo yayinohambo oluhlobene. Ukuhlonipha umngane wakhe u-Abdero, owashwabadela ama-mares ngenkathi esiza uHeracles, wasungula idolobha lase-Abdera eduze kwethuna lakhe, lapho njengenkokhiso yokugcina evula imidlalo ye-agonal egameni lakhe. Ngaphakathi kwabo, imijaho yezinqola yayivinjelwe, ngoba lokhu kwakuhlobene nokufa kuka-Abdero.
Yeba Ibhande lika-Hippolyta
KumaGreki, ukulwa nama-Amazon kwakungenakwenzeka, ayenamandla amakhulu, ayengochwepheshe enkundleni yempi futhi futhi, athwala isibusiso sikankulunkulukazi u-Arthemisi. Ukubhekana nabo kwakuyisiphetho esithile esiyingozi. Umuntu ophethe ukuphakamisa lo msebenzi ku-Euristeo kwakuyindodakazi yakhe, u-Admete, owamchazela ukuthi kufanele antshontshe ibhande lemilingo likaHippolyta, indlovukazi yase-Amazon.
Kunezinguqulo ezimbili zalo msebenzi, eyokuqala ichaza ukuthi uHippolyta, lapho ezwa ngokufika kukaHeracles kanye nezizathu ayenazo, wathembisa ukumnika ibhande lakhe kodwa ukuthi uHera, owayezifihle njenge-Amazon, wasakaza amahlebezi okuthi wayebheke ngempela. ukuthumba indlovukazi, okwabangela ukuthi abangane bayo bahlasele umkhumbi kaHeracles, ngoba ecabanga ukuthi u-Hippolyta wayemkhohlisile, wanquma ukuhlasela ama-Amazons, abulale indlovukazi futhi athathe ibhande.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inguqulo yesibili isitshela ukuthi, uHeracles uthumba uMelania, omunye wodadewabo kaHippolyta futhi ufuna ukuthi amnike ibhande lokukhokha isihlengo, ngenxa yalokhu, indlovukazi igcina imnike yona futhi iqhawe likhulula usisi ngaphandle kokumlimaza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umngane wakhe, uTheseus, uthumba u-Antiope, omunye udadewabo kaHippolyta, futhi uzama ukubaleka kanye noHeracles.
Umngane waphakade weqhawe, uHera, wazisa ama-Amazons mayelana nokuthunjwa futhi ahlasela iqembu, nokho, ayakwazi ukuphunyuka futhi uTheseus ugcina eshade no-Antiope futhi abe nezingane ezimbalwa.
Ukweba Izinkomo zikaGeryon
UGeryon wayeyisilo esikhulukazi, ezalwa yinyunyana yaseChrysaor kanye neCallírroe. Izinganekwane zamaGreki ziyichaza njengesidalwa se-anthropomorphic, umzimba waso owakhiwa imizimba emithathu, enamakhanda awo kanye nemikhawulo yawo, leli qiniso livame ukushintsha ngokuvumelana nezinguqulo ezikhuluma ngayo.
Kuncane okwaziwayo kahle ukuthi le mizimba emithathu yahlanganiswa kanjani, kodwa ivamise ukuvezwa njengokuhlanganisa komugqa okhalweni. Kwezinye izinguqulo, lesi sidalwa sivezwa sinezimpiko, kanti ezinye izinguqulo zimane ziyishiye le mininingwane. Isithombe sakhe sifana kakhulu nomuntu, wayehlala esiqhingini sase-Eriteia, okwamanje esaziwa ngokuthi i-Cádiz.
i-adventure ehlobene
Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, uHeracles wayenohambo oluhlobene nalo. Ngesikhathi ethatha uhambo lwakhe oluya esiqhingini sase-Eriteia kwadingeka anqamule ugwadule lwaseLibya (iLibya kwakuyigama elivamile elaliqanjwe amaGreki eNyakatho Afrika) futhi lapho wayekhungathekiswe ukushisa okukhulu kangangokuthi wasongela i-Helios, i- unkulunkulu welanga, ngomnsalo wakhe.
Unkulunkulu wamcela ukuba ame futhi esikhundleni sakhe, uHeracles wacela indebe yegolide unkulunkulu ayeyisebenzisa ukuwela ulwandle njalo ebusuku. Leli qhawe lasebenzisa indebe ohambweni lwalo oluya e-Eriteia kodwa lapho selizofika lapho laliya khona, labona ukuthi indlela ivalwe amatshe athile.
UHeracles, esebenzisa amandla akhe amakhulu, wabasusa endleleni futhi wavula iStrait of Gibraltar futhi wabeka izinsika zeHercules njengemingcele yayo, eyokuqala yalezi itholakala ekuqaleni kwedwala futhi eyesibili eNtabeni iHacho de Ceuta, ekuphakameni okungamamitha angama-204.
Umsebenzi: Lapho esekwazile ukufika lapho ayeya khona, wathola ukuthi izinkomo zikaGeryon zazigcinwe endlini encane futhi igadwe u-Ortro, inja enamakhanda amabili engumfowabo kaCerberus (inja egada endaweni engaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayeyinja ephethe amakhanda amabili. futhi ohlangothini lukamalusi Eurytion.
UHeracles uyakwazi ukubulala lezi zidalwa ezimbili futhi athathe izinkomo. Endleleni, lapho beqwala i-Aventine Hill eRoma, umdondoshiya okuthiwa uCacus weba ezinye zezinkomo zaso ngesikhathi ziphumule. Umdondoshiya wenza izinkomo zahamba zihlehla ukuze zingashiyi noma iyiphi imikhondo, iqhinga elalilifunde kuHermes.
izinguqulo ezidumile
Kunezinguqulo eziningana zalokho okwenzeka ngokulandelayo, okwamukeleka kakhulu ukuthi uHeracles wathola izinkomo ezebiwe futhi wabulala uCacus, eqhubeka nendlela yakhe eya eMycenae.
Izinganekwane zamaRoma zibonisa ukuthi uHeracles, noma bona, uHercules, wasungula ialtare endaweni lapho iForum Boarium, imakethe yezinkomo, yayizoba khona kamuva. Lapho iqhawe lidlula eSilicea, litshela u-Erice, inkosi yesiqhingi, indaba eyenzekile.
U-Erice wayengumshayisibhakela ongakholakali, ngakho uHeracles wamqinisekisa ukuba avume ukubheja ukuthi uma ehluliwe wayezonikela ngengxenye yezinkomo zakhe kodwa uma inkosi ihlulwa kuyodingeka inikele umbuso wayo kuleli qhawe. U-Erie ubezethemba kakhulu kodwa uHeracles nguyena ogcine ephumelele kulo mdlalo.
UHeracles walishiya leli dolobha futhi wabonisa ukuthi wayezothumela inzalo yakhe ukuba ilibuse kamuva. UHera, ezama ukuvimbela leli qhawe ukuthi lingawuqedi umsebenzi walo, wanquma ukumcasula ngokumthumelela i-horsefly ukuze alume izinkomo, azicasule futhi azihlukanise nenkundla. Kamuva, unkulunkulukazi wathumela uzamcolo, owakwazi ukuphakamisa izinga lomfula waze wagcwala, wamvimbela ukuba asuse izinkomo endaweni.
Ngemva kwalokhu, u-Echidna wahlasela uHeracles futhi weba ingxenye yezinkomo zakhe, ukuze alulame, iqhawe kwakudingeka libe nobuhlobo bobulili ne-nymph futhi kusukela kule nyunyana u-Agathyrsus, uGelonus noScites wazalwa. Lapho efika eMycenae nezinkomo, u-Eurystheus wazidela egameni likaHera.
Yeba ama-apula engadini
Ukuze uthole umongo omncane kufanele sicacise ukuthi ama-Hesperides ayengama-nymphs atholakala engadini enkulu, izihlahla zawo zazigcwele ama-apula egolide. UHeracles kwadingeka abambe uNereus, ikhehla lasolwandle elalibonakala ngekhono lokushintsha amafomu ukuze amazise indlela yokufika engadini.
Ukuzidela okuhlobene: Kuncike ezinguqulweni, uHeracles uhlangana no-Antaeus ekuqaleni noma ekupheleni komsebenzi, lo mlingiswa wayengenakunqotshwa inqobo nje uma ehlangene nomama wakhe uGea, umhlaba. UHeracles wambulala ngokumbambela emoyeni futhi wamchoboza ngenye yezingalo zakhe ezinenyama yenkomo. UHerodotus uthi leli qhawe lama eGibhithe, lapho amasosha eNkosi uBusiris embopha khona.
Lokhu kwakungekona ukuhlasela komuntu siqu, kodwa kunalokho inkosi yayithembise onkulunkulu ukuthi yayizohlabela bonke abezizwe abangena ezweni layo. U-Heracles wabanjwa kanye namanye amashwa ayemiselwe ukufa, nokho, engakwazi ukwamukela leso siphetho, wagqashula amaketanga ayemphethe futhi wakwazi ukuphunyuka, ngaphambi kokuba ahambe wabulala uBusiris, ekhulula zonke iziboshwa kanye nezakhamuzi ezazihlala ngaphansi kwesimiso sakhe esesabekayo.
Ungafunda ezinye izindatshana ezinjengalesi mayelana nenganekwane kaHercules kubhulogi yethu, empeleni, sincoma ukuthi ufunde Inganekwane ye-Apollo.
Umsebenzi
Lapho uHeracles efika eNsimini Yama-Hesperides, wakwazi ukukhohlisa i-Atlas ukuba ithathe ama-apula, ethembisa ukuthi uzobamba isibhakabhaka endaweni. Ezinye izinguqulo zibonisa ukuthi i-Atlas yayinguyise wamaHesperides, kanti abanye bathi wayenobuhlobo obuncane.
Lapho i-Atlas ibuyela endaweni lapho uHeracles ayekhona, i-titan yanquma ukungabe isathwala isibhakabhaka, naphezu kwalokhu, iqhawe lamkhohlisa ukuba enze kanjalo, liphikisana ngokuthi kwakudingeka alungise i-cape yakhe, lapho i-Atlas ithatha isibhakabhaka, iqhawe labamba i-cape. ama-apula futhi washiya.
Bamba i-cerberus futhi umkhiphe esihogweni
Encwadini yakhe yokugcina, u-Eurystheus wayala uHeracles ukuba enze lokho okwakungaba omunye wemisebenzi enzima kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe konke. Kwadingeka ahambe aye e-Eleusis, ukuze aqaliswe ezimfihlakalo zika-Eleusini, lezi zizomtshela ukuthi angene kanjani eHayidesi (izwe elingaphansi) nokuthi angaphuma kanjani kubo ephila, engazi, izimfihlakalo nazo zamsiza ekudambiseni icala ayenalo. ngoba ebulele umkakhe labantwana.
Ukuzidela okuhlobene: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambilini, imisebenzi yakho embalwa idale ezinye izigigaba ezenzeke ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuthi wenze umsebenzi. UHeracles wathola indawo yokungena endaweni engaphansi eTenarus, lapho wasizwa u-Athena noHermes ukuba bangene futhi baphume, ngokuphikelela kukaHeracles ngokwakhe nokubukeka kwakhe okunolaka, uCharon wamthatha esikebheni sakhe edlula i-Acheron.
Ngesikhathi ehamba ngomkhumbi, wahlangana nomngane wakhe uTheseus noPirithous owayethunjwe unkulunkulu wokufa, iHayidesi, ngesikhathi ezama ukuthumba iPersephone. Zombili lezi ziboshwa beziboshelwe ebhentshini ngomlingo, uHeracles wazama ukumdonsa kodwa ngesikhathi ephuka ibhentshi, amathanga kaTheseus ayenamathele kuye. Wazama okufanayo noPirithous kodwa wathi ekwenza lokho wabona ukuthi umhlaba uyazamazama ngakho wanquma ukumlahla waqhubeka nendlela yakhe.
Umsebenzi: Ngokuqondene, singaphawula ukuthi kunezinguqulo ezintathu ezihlukene, eyokuqala ithi ukuze athathe uCerberus, uHeracles kwadingeka acele imvume kunkulunkulu iHayidesi nokuthi echaza isimo sakhe, wamnikeza imvume enombandela kuphela awenza. singalimazi isilwane. Iqhawe lamlalela futhi lamphatha ngomusa, lakwazi ukumkhipha endaweni engaphansi komhlaba ngendlela ethambile, emyisa eMycenae ukuze u-Eurystheus ambone, ekugcineni, uHeracles wabuyisela uCerberus ekhaya lakhe.
Inguqulo yesibili inolaka kakhulu, njengoba ichaza ukuthi uHeracles wadubula umcibisholo eHayidesi, wamphazamisa futhi wamshiya ngaphandle kwesenzo, ngaphezu kwalokho, abonisa ukuthi wayenempi enobudlova kakhulu ngokumelene noCerberus waze wakwenza futhi wakwazi ukuthatha. isilwane emhumeni e-Acherussia futhi kusukela lapho ngiyasikhipha ezweni langaphandle.
Ezinye Izigigaba
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi imisebenzi eyishumi nambili ingenye yezindaba eziningi ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwenganekwane ye-Hercules ekhona, lokhu akusho ukuthi wayengenazo ezinye izigigaba ezimangalisayo. Eqinisweni, u-Hercules ungomunye wabalingiswa abahamba phambili abakhona, uhlamvu lwakhe lwamenza wangena ezinkingeni eziningana, lapho naphezu kwakho konke, wayevame ukuvela enqobile.
Okulandelayo sizokhuluma ngezinye izigigaba ezibalulekile emhlabeni weHercules.
Ukubamba iqhaza ku-Gigantomachy
Onkulunkulu bama-Olympian babeyizidalwa ezinamandla kakhulu, nokho, kwakungebona bodwa ababenamandla anjalo. Ngemva kokuba ama-titan egwetshelwe iThatharasi, unina wowokugcina, uGaea, umhlaba, wazala imidondoshiya enamandla ethwele igazi lika-Uranus ukuze aphindiselele kulabo ababebopha izingane zakhe.
Isiphrofetho saprofetha ukuthi lezo ziqhwaga zazingeke zife ezandleni zonkulunkulu, noma okungenani zazingeke zife uma zingenayo impi ebulalayo eceleni kwazo. UZeus unquma ukubiza uHeracles ngo-Athena. Iziqhwaga zenza ukuhlasela kwazo kokuqala, zihlome ngamatshe amakhulu neziqu zezihlahla, impi ilwelwa endaweni ezazihlala kuyo, iPhlegra.
UHeracles neminye imiqhudelwano
Kunamaphuzu amaningana abalulekile okumele agqanyiswe kule mpi, angamaphuzu amqoka adalule ukungenelela kukaHeracles empini kanye neyabanye onkulunkulu.
- UHeracles waqala ukuhlasela u-Alcyoneus, umdondoshiya owayenekhwalithi yokungafi kanye neqhawe elikhulu. Iqhawe labhoboza lesi siqhwaga ngomunye wemicibisholo yaso enoshevu, nokho, njalo uma umdondoshiya siwela phansi sabuya saphila. U-Athena watusa uHeracles ukuthi amkhiphe ezweni lakubo ukuze afe futhi wakwenza lokho cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.
- UPorphyry wahlasela uHeracles futhi wazama ukudlwengula isitha sakhe saphakade uHera. UZeus ukuvimbele lokhu ngokushaya ngombani futhi iqhawe lamqeda ngemicibisholo yakhe eyigugu.
- U-Ephialtes wafa ngoba imicibisholo emibili yayingcwatshwe emehlweni akhe, omunye wabo uvela ku-Apollo kanti omunye uvela kuHeracles.
- Lapho u-Enceladus ephoqeleka ukuba ayiyeke impi, u-Athena wamhlasela futhi wamchoboza esebenzisa isiqhingi saseSicily. Umdondoshiya wayevalelwe, umoya wakhe womlilo uphuma ku-Etna.
- U-Hephaestus wangcwatshwa uMimas ngobuningi bensimbi encibilikisiwe, izinguqulo eziningana zibonisa ukuthi usekhona, ugwetshelwe ukuchitha ingunaphakade lakhe evalelwe.
- I-Polybotes yangcwatshwa nguPoseidon, owamphonsa ucezu lwesiqhingi saseCos, leli zwe kamuva laba yisiqhingi saseNisyros.
- UHippolytus wanqotshwa uHermes, kuyilapho unkulunkulu egqoke isigqoko esasimenza angabonakali.
- UGatriyoni wabulawa imicibisholo ka-Arthemisi.
- U-Dionysus wakhipha u-Eurytion nge-thyrsus yakhe.
- UHecate ushise uClytio esebenzisa amathoshi akhe ayigugu
- Ama-moira, ahlome ngezinsimbi zethusi, akwazi ukubulala u-Agrio noToante.
- U-Hera wanqoba u-Foitos omkhulu futhi wakwazi ukukholisa u-Ctonio ukuthi alwe ukuze athole u-Dionysus, nokho wafa ngenxa kaDemeter.
- U-Ares wabulala uPeleorus.
Ngakho-ke, umdondoshiya ngamunye wawa ngemva kwempi enzima, labo ababengangcwatshwa bathola imicibisholo enobuthi kaHeracles. Ngale ndlela, babeqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ufile. Inganekwane kaHercules ayigcini ngale mpi, njengoba izazi-mlando eziningi zithi uHercules wakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi eyengeziwe isikhathi eside.
Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda ezinye izindatshana ezinjengalesi mayelana nenganekwane kaHercules, ungabuyekeza izigaba ezahlukahlukene zebhulogi yethu, ngaphezu kwalokho sincoma ukuthi ufunde. Cassandra.
UHeracles eTroy
UHera, uPoseidon no-Apollo bakha uzungu ngokumelene noZeus, ngemva kwalokhu kuhlubuka, uZeus wanquma ukujezisa uPoseidon no-Apollo, ebabeka enkonzweni kaLaomedonte, inkosi yaseTroy. Lokhu kwenza onkulunkulu bakhe udonga olude kulo lonke idolobha, besizwa u-Aeacus, bakwazi ukuqeda, nokho, uLaomedonte wenqaba ukukhokha noma iyiphi isinxephezelo somsebenzi njengoba babewenzile ngomyalo kaZeus.
UPoseidon wathukuthela wathumela inkosi isilo sasolwandle ukuba sishwabadele bonke abantu abashiya umuzi. Inkosi kwadingeka iye kumshumayeli owayiyala ukuba enze umhlatshelo, indodakazi yakhe uHesione, kwadingeka ife ukuze izothulisa isilo. Owesifazane osemusha wayeboshelwe ematsheni athile ogwini, elinde isidalwa nesiphetho saso esinonya.
UHeracles, uTelamón kanye no-Oicles, babehamba eduze kwendawo, lapho bezwa indaba yesilo kanye nomnikelo womuntu owawusenziwa, kuleli qhawe, yonke iminikelo eqeda ukuphila komuntu yayinengekile, ngakho wanquma ukusiza abasha. nkosazane, ngenxa yalokhu, wavuma ukubulala inunu inqobo nje uma inkosi imnika amahhashi ayewathole kuZeus.
ULaomedonte wavuma kodwa ekupheleni kwesithembiso sakhe futhi nesidumbu sesidalwa sasesifile kakade, wenqaba ukukhokhela iqhawe futhi kwadingeka ahambe elambatha. UHeracles wasongela inkosi yaseTrojan, echaza ukuthi kufanele alindele impi.
Emuva eGreece, uHeracles wahlanganisa umkhankaso omncane futhi, ephethe umyalo, wahlasela uTroy. Empini, uLaomedon wabulala u-Oicles, kodwa ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi kufanele abuyele emuva futhi aphephe ngaphakathi kwezindonga zaseTroy. UHeracles wamlandela wagcina ngokumbulala kanye nezingane zakhe, ngaphandle kweyodwa, uPodarces, osindiswe udadewabo uHesione.
I-Hercules kanye neMidlalo yama-Olympic
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uHeracles nguye owavula iMidlalo Yama-Olympic, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi kunezinguqulo ezintathu ezikhuluma ngokusungulwa okungenzeka nokuthi la mahemuhemu aqala kanjani.
Inguqulo 1 yenganekwane yakwa-Hercules ithi wasungula imidlalo ukugubha ukunqoba kwakhe i-Augeas, nokho, le nguqulo idida Imidlalo ye-Isthmian neMidlalo Yama-Olympic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inguqulo yesibili ithi wayisungula iMidlalo Yama-Olympic futhi lokho wakwenza ukuze ahloniphe uZeus, kuyilapho inguqulo yesithathu ikhuluma ngomlingiswa oqanjwe ngoHeracles kodwa ongelona iqhawe.
Lo mlingiswa, oteketiswa ngelika-Ideo, wagijima waya e-Olympia nabafowabo abane ukuze baqeqeshe uZeus osanda kuzalwa. Lapho ewina, wafaka umqhele nomuthi womnqumo futhi kanjalo wamisa umcimbi wokudumisa unkulunkulu njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine.
Ukufa kukaHercules
Naphezu kwamandla akhe amakhulu, iqhawe lalingenakufa, ngemva kokwenza imisebenzi yakhe eyishumi nambili, lazinikela ekwenzeni izinto ezihlukahlukene, kuze kube yilolu suku, ezidume kakhulu futhi zibandakanya yonke imfihlakalo yenganekwane kaHercules. Inganekwane ithi waphinde washada noDejanire (uDeianira ngeSpanishi) nokuthi waba umngane nembangi yakhe u-Antee, indodana kaPoseidon.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa u-centaur Nessos wazama ukudlwengula u-Dejanire nokuthi ukuze akuvimbele, u-Hercules wamgwaza ngomunye wemicibisholo yakhe enobuthi. Ngeshwa, i-centaur yaqinisekisa owesifazane ukuba aphuze igazi lakhe, enze isiqiniseko sokuthi kwakuwumuthi wothando kuyilapho empeleni kuwubuthi. U-Dejanire, ecabanga ukuthi u-Hercules wayethandana no-Princess Lole, wenza u-Hercules agqoke ingubo yakhe, eyayifakwe ngaphambili kulelo gazi.
Wathi nje ewufaka waqala wezwa ukusha ubuthi, wawunamandla waze wazama ukuwuqeda. Ekugcineni u-Hercules akakwazanga ukubuthwala ubuhlungu futhi wagcina eziphonse emalangabini omlilo womngcwabo. Onkulunkulu base-Olympus bakubona ukufa kwakhe futhi banquma ukumnika njengomfazi uHebe, unkulunkulukazi wobusha.
Amaqiniso ahlobene nokufa kwenganekwane
Ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, uHebe wayengunkulunkulukazi wobusha baphakade futhi kwakunezinguqulo ezihlukahlukene ezichaza ukuzalwa kwakhe. Enye yalezi zinguqulo yabonisa ukuthi wayeyindodakazi esemthethweni kaZeus, unkulunkulu wokuduma nenkosi yonkulunkulu, nomkakhe uHera. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wona lo mbono uchaza ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwawo kwakulula kakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi uHera edla amaqabunga kaulethisi esidlweni asihlanganyela nomngane wakhe u-Apollo, unkulunkulu kanye naye wase-Olympus.
Njengoba ekhula, uHebe wanikezwa ku "Copera of the gods" lokhu kwakusho ukuthi wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhonza onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi base-Olympus zonke iziphuzo zabo, ikakhulukazi umpe othandekayo ababewudla kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, wasiza. Hera emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yansuku zonke. U-Hercules, engomunye wamaqhawe adume kakhulu kulo lonke elaseGreece, uZeus wamnika isandla sikaHebe, njengoba wayengumfazi ophelele angachitha naye ingunaphakade lakhe.
Izakhamuzi zaseGreece lasendulo zazimthanda futhi zimhlonipha uHercules, kokubili njengonkulunkulu nanjengeqhawe elifayo. Ngokuvamile, babevame ukuveza isithombe sakhe njengendoda enamandla nenesibindi egqoke isikhumba sebhubesi futhi ephethe induku. Nakuba kuningi okushiwo ngokukhalipha kwakhe kodwa iqiniso wukuthi leli qhawe belinobuhlakani obukhulu, kwazise laliphuma ezingxabanweni ngekhono elikhulu.
Ngokuqondene namaRoma, abona uHercules engomunye wamaqhawe amakhulu, enikezela isithombe kuye ukuze bonke abakhileyo bamkhulekele njengoba benza kwabanye onkulunkulu, lesi sithombe sasiseduze noHera noZeus, nokho, sasingekho. ihlelo elithile elibhekiswe kuHercules noma okungenani, alikho elirekhodiwe.
Abalingiswa benganekwane kaHercules
Uma kunento eyodwa inganekwane kaHercules esifundisa yona, ukuthi izinhlelo zisebenza kangcono uma unosizo. Nakuba leli qhawe silibona njengomuntu ongakholakali kodwa iqiniso lithi ezikhathini eziningi emicimbini yalo laliphelezelwa noma ngabe lalithanda noma cha, kodwa ngeke sikuphike ukuthi izinto ezenzeka kuleli qhawe zihlanganisa nabalingiswa abehlukene basezinganekwaneni.
Abangane be-adventures
Phakathi kwabangane abakhulu u-Hercules ayenabo kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, kukhona abaningana abavelele ngosizo lwabo nokuhlakanipha, abanye balaba yilaba:
I-Lint
Ngesikhathi uHeracles ehamba ehlane (emva kokuhlanya okwamenza wabulala umkakhe nezingane) wahlaselwa ama-dryopes, ebulala iNkosi uTiodamante, ibutho lasheshe lazinikela futhi lanikeza inkosana encane uHylas njengentela. Iqhawe, elalizonda yonke imihlatshelo yabantu, lanquma ukwenza inkosana i-squire.
Ngemva kweminyaka, uHeracles noHylas bajoyina ithimba le-Argo. Njengama-Argonauts babambe iqhaza kuphela engxenyeni encane yohambo, okwathi ngemiyalo kaHera, isitha sikaHeracles, u-Hylas wathunjwa eMysia ngamanye ama-nymphs avela emthonjeni wePangea. I-Argonaut Polyphemus yezwa ukukhala komfana futhi yaxwayisa uHeracles.
Womabili la madoda ayifuna ngokushesha inkosana kodwa isikhathi sasinganele nomkhumbi wahamba ngaphandle kwabo. Ekugcineni, uHeracles akabange esakwazi ukuthola u-Hylas, njengoba le nsizwa yayithandana nenye yama-nymphs futhi yanquma ukuhlala naye kuze kube phakade.
Yolao
Enganekwaneni kaHercules, omunye wabangane abahle kwakungumshana wakhe, uYolao. Indodana yewele layo u-Iphicles, le nsizwa yaba omunye wabangane abakhulu be-adventure yeqhawe, abanye ababhali bathi u-Yolao wayethanda uHeracles, njengoba babesondelene kakhulu.
Nakuba ehamba naye kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe eyishumi nambili, u-Iolaus waya yedwa okwesibili, ukungenelela kwakhe kwenza umsebenzi ungavumelekile, ngoba u-Eurystheus waphikisana ngokuthi u-Iolaus owabangela ikhanda le-hydra nokuthi ngaphandle kwalo, uHeracles wayengeke akwazi ukwenza njalo ukuze uthole. Inganekwane kaHercules ibonisa ukuthi naye wahamba naye e-Argo.
Kwezinye izinguqulo, uMegara akafi ngemva kokuhlasela kukaHeracles ngokuhlanya kodwa ubulala izingane zakhe, ngakho unikeza umkakhe kuYolao ukuze amshade, phakathi kwabo babe nendodakazi abayibiza ngokuthi uLeipefilena. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Yolao wayenekhono kakhulu emjahweni wamahhashi futhi wawina uhlelo lokuqala lwemidlalo yama-Olympics.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, waba nezigigaba ezimbalwa ezizimele, lapho azibonakalisa khona eyinsizwa enesibindi, enamandla, ehlakaniphile futhi ehlakaniphile. Nakuba ayekude, uYolao wabuye wakhula kancane ngaphambi kokushona kukamalume wakhe, empeleni nguye owalayitha i-pyre lapho iqhawe lishiswa khona lashona. Ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe, u-Iolaus wazithwesa umthwalo wokusakaza ukukhulekelwa kukamalume wakhe njengonkulunkulu omncane kulo lonke elaseGreece nasezindaweni eziseduze.
Ungafunda ezinye izindatshana ezinjengalesi mayelana nenganekwane kaHercules kubhulogi yethu, sikumema ukuthi uhlole lesi sihloko. Pegasus esigabeni sezinganekwane nezinsumansumane.
Inzalo
Ngaphakathi kwenganekwane kaHercules kwamenyezelwa ukuthi yonke inzalo yakhe izobizwa ngokuthi uHeraclidae, nakuba leli gama lamagama lalisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela enzalweni yendodana yakhe u-Hilo. Mayelana nokwehla ngqo kwaleli qhawe, kuthiwa wayenezingane ezingaba ngu-69, lapho ezingu-49 zazo zingaziwa nhlobo njengoba kumayelana nezinyunyana ezimbalwa ayenazo namadodakazi angamashumi amahlanu eNkosi uThespius.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izingane zakhe yilezi:
- Therimachus (indodana kaMegara).
- Creontiades (indodana kaMegara).
- UDeicoon (indodana kaMegara).
- Everes (indodana kaParthenope).
- I-Testalus (indodana ka-Epicaste).
- UTlepolemus (indodana ka-Astíoque).
- Thessalus (indodana ka-Astioque)
- Ucingo (indodana ka-Auge).
- Agelaoo Lamo (indodana ka-Omphale).
- Tyrsenus (indodana ka-Omphale).
- UMacaria (indodakazi kaDeyanira).
- Hilo (indodana kaDeyanira).
- UGleno (indodana kaDeianira).
- Ama-Onites (indodana kaDeianira).
- UCtesippus (indodana ka-Astidamia).
- UPalemón (indodana ka-Autonoe).
- U-Alexiares (indodana kaHebe)
- U-Aniceto (indodana kaHebe).
- U-Antiochus (indodana kaMeda).
- Hispalo (uyise ka-Hispan ohlonishwa ngesisekelo se-Hispalis).
Ungafunda ezinye izindatshana ezinjengalesi enganekwaneni kaHercules kubhulogi yethu. Eqinisweni, sincoma ukuthi ufunde I-Echo ne-Narcissus.
Izimfundiso zezinganekwane zikaHercules
Inganekwane kaHercules iyabonakala kakhulu, ngisho noma ungakaze ufunde ngezinganekwane zamaGreki noma zamaRoma, leli qhawe liye lamelelwa kangangokuthi isiko elijwayelekile alikwazi ukungazi ngaye. Ziningi izindaba ngaye, kodwa nakuba ngihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, kukhona okugqama kakhulu nokuthi uHercules wayengumholi owazalwa.
Umholi uchazwa ngokukwazi kwakhe ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngaphandle kwezinsiza, izimo noma izithiyo endleleni yakhe, ngaphezu kwalokho, umholi weqiniso uyakwazi ukukhuthaza abantu futhi abenze babe nesibindi, baqine futhi basebenze kakhulu njengeqembu. Inganekwane kaHercules isifundisa izinto ezimbalwa esingazisebenzisa ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke futhi lapha sikushiya ezinhlanu zazo.
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Umholi uhlale ebalungiselela labo ahamba nabo.
Umholi oqotho uyohlale esiza ozakwabo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi, ukwazi ithimba lakhe lonke nokwazi okuhle nokubi kubalulekile lapho ebhekene nesimo. Uma ufuna ukuba umholi, kufanele ufunde ngabantu abaphethe nawe nangawe, ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nanoma yisiphi isimo noma isimo.
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Ziqeqeshe ukuze uwine.
Ukusebenzisana ngokubambisana kuyohlale kuthela izithelo eziningi kunomsebenzi womuntu ngamunye, lokho kwenzeka ngoba abantu abambalwa bangasebenza ngempumelelo kunoyedwa. Ukuze usebenze kahle, udinga ukuqeqeshwa nokuziphatha, futhi udinga ukumethemba umuntu osebenza eduze kwakho.
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Kunezinto ezibalulekile kunemali.
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi siphila emphakathini othanda kakhulu ukuthenga, kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kunemali. U-Hercules usifundisa ukuthi kunezinto ezingenakuthengwa ngemali ekuphileni.
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Isizathu esifanele.
Lapho ubhekene nesimo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwenze ngesizathu esifanele. Uma umuntu enenhloso yeqiniso, uzobona ukuthi uzothola abantu abazokushayela ihlombe ngokukhetha kwakho futhi bakusize endleleni. Thembeka.
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Uyinkosi yesiphetho sakho.
Inye kuphela into eqinisekile empilweni futhi ukufa kwethu, ngaphandle kwalokho, zonke izenzo ozithathayo, ukuziphatha kwakho, imicabango, izinqumo nokunye kungokwakho. Akukho okubhaliwe, ikusasa aliqinisekile kangangokuthi nguwe kuphela ongakwazi ukulibumba futhi noma kunjalo, ungase ungakutholi ukulijabulela.
Yeka ukukholelwa ukuthi kunomlayezo ovela ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa noma ukuphila okuqinisekisiwe, jabulela, wenze amaphutha, funda futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ungavumeli noma ubani athonye izinqumo zakho siqu.
UHercules, iqhawe eliphelele
Kunamaqhawe amaningi, izithixo, onkulunkulu, nabantu abafayo ababhekana nezilingo ezihlukahlukene ngesibindi phakathi nokuphila kwabo. Naphezu kwalokho, amaGreki ayebheka uHercules njengonkulunkulu ophelele, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba azalwe, kakade wayesemiselwe ukunqoba uvivinyo olwaluzokhishwa endleleni yakhe. Inganekwane kaHercules yaziswa kakhulu ngesiko lasendulo.
Lapho uZeus elele no-Alcmene, wakwazi ukwenza ukuthi ngubani, ngaphandle kokwazi, owayezoba iqhawe lamaGreki namaRoma elidume kakhulu emlandweni. UHercules noma uHeracles, kubhekiselwa kukho emibhalweni yasendulo yomlomo yaseGrisi yasendulo, futhi kamuva wamelelwa ngokwezwi nezwi kuma-epic ahlukahlukene wamaGreki afana ne-Hesiod's Shield of Heracles (ikhulu lesi-XNUMX BC) kanye nelikaHomer's Iliad (ikhulu lesi-XNUMX BC).
Nakuba u-Hera ezama ukumenza ahluleke izikhathi eziningana kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe, iqhawe elincane lakwazi ukuphuma linqobile ekhaya elilodwa lokuhlangana kwabo kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. U-Hercules wayengesona isitha esivamile okuzodingeka ubhekane naso, wayengagcini nje ngokuba nomusa nomusa, kodwa futhi wayenenzondo futhi enobudlova, le mvelo ekabili yamenza, njengeqhawe, adunyiswa kakhulu ngabantu abafayo.
ukubusa kwengqondo
Inganekwane kaHercules igcizelela ukuthi uyena owasebenzisa indima yomvikeli nomeluleki esintwini. amasiko amaRoma namaGreki. Wayengeyena unkulunkulu, kodwa wayengeyena futhi umuntu, wayenamandla amancane nenkazimulo kunoyise nakuba wayenobuhle ngaphezu kwabantu.
Wayenamandla ajulile ngokomzimba kodwa engenalo ulwazi nokuhlakanipha, wayehlakaniphile, enomzimba omkhulu futhi engumsubathi, ehlukile kubantu abavamile futhi ehlukile konkulunkulu.
Imithombo yomlando yembula ukuthi ukuziphatha kukaHercules kwakufana kakhulu nokuziphatha komuntu ngendlela efanele, okwenza abantu bathandane naye ngenxa yesimo sakhe esifana nesabo.
Wayekhonzwa ngokuba umvikeli, izenzo zakhe nobuqhawe bakhe kwenza abantu bamhloniphe, ezibeka ezingeni likankulunkulu ngaphandle kokuba ngomunye wabo. Eqinisweni, nakuba lungekho uhlobo lwehlelo olwabhalwa olwalubhekisela kuHercules kuphela, kuye kwakholelwa ukuthi okhokho bethu babekhulekela uHercules njengonkulunkulu omncane futhi babehlonipha ezifanekisweni ezihlukahlukene ababezidale kulo lonke elaseGrisi futhi kamuva eRoma.
Uma ungathanda ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezinjengalesi mayelana nenganekwane kaHercules, sincoma ukuthi ufunde inganekwane ye-carus esigabeni sezinganekwane nezinsumansumane.
Amabutho Akhethekile
Izinselele u-Hercules okwakudingeka abhekane nazo enganekwaneni yakhe azidingi nje kuphela amandla akhe amakhulu ngokumelene nezidalwa ezimangalisayo, kodwa phakathi kwemishini yakhe yokugcina, kwakudingeka athuthukise ubuhlakani ukuze akwazi ukukhohlisa izitha zakhe, ngale ndlela wakwazi ukuqeda imisebenzi ethile ngokushesha. Omunye wemisebenzi ekhaliphile wukuhlanza izitebela zenkosi u-Augeas, okwathi nakuba asebenzisa amandla enyakazisa amatshe kodwa wabuye wasebenzisa ubuhlakani bakhe, kwazise wayesethole ukuthi ngokwenza umfula ugeleza amanzi azothatha. yonke into engcolile futhi kwakungeke kudingeke azikhandle ngokweqile.
Lapho u-Eurystheus emnika imisebenzi engu-12, wayelindele ukuthi afe kwenye yazo, lezi zinselele zabekwa ukuze uHercules ahlazeke, ahlekwe futhi ekugcineni abulawe. Naphezu kwalokhu, iqhawe lenza okuphambene futhi lakwazi ukunqoba ngamunye wabaphikisi bakhe, liguqule izindaba ze-adventure yakhe zibe yingxenye ebalulekile yamasiko ahlukene.
I-Hercules Complex
Izindaba nezinsumansumane zisishiye nezifundo ezahlukahlukene, eziningi zazo zisasebenza emphakathini wanamuhla esiphila kuwo. Naphezu kwalokhu, inganekwane kaHercules ayifundisi nje kuphela isibindi, kodwa isetshenziswe ezingeni lezengqondo ukunikeza igama ekuguleni kwengqondo okungase kubulale ngisho nomuntu.
I-vigorexia noma i-Hercules complex yisifo sengqondo esibonakala ngombono oyiphutha womzimba, kumuntu onalesi simo uzohlala ebona umzimba wakhe ongaphelele futhi uzothatha izinyathelo zokuwulungisa, lezi zinyathelo zingasukela kakhulu. ukushukuma komzimba okulula, njengokuqeqeshwa ukuze ulahlekelwe isisindo ezenzweni ezeqisayo ezifana nokuzilimaza, isizathu sokuthi kungani kunikezwe lelo gama kungenxa yokuthi abantu bavame ukulungisa isithombe esifana nalesi esivezwe enganekwaneni kaHercules, indoda enemisipha emikhulu. namandla amangalisayo.
Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi ngaphakathi kwalokhu okuyinkimbinkimbi i-stereotype yobuncane ayifuni ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa kunalokho, izama ukuthola ukuphelela okungenakwenzeka ukufezwa, abantu bayizidalwa ezingaphelele futhi ukuzama ukuguqula umzimba wethu kungaba yingozi kakhulu.
Funda kabanzi ngombungazi, u Vigorexia
I-muscle dysmorphia noma i-vigorexia isifo sokudla esidala ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngesimo somzimba somuntu, futhi sihlanekezela umbono wohlelo lomzimba. Lesi sifo singabizwa ngezinto eziningi, empeleni, ungase ukubone njengoba kubizwa ngokuthi i-Anorexia Nervosa Reverse noma i-Adonis Complex.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-vigorexia ayisona isifo esiqashelwa kahle phakathi komphakathi wezokwelapha wamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ayikho futhi ayithinti kabi iziguli eziphethwe yiyo, kungukugula kwangempela noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, lapho izici zomzimba zibonwa ngendlela ehlanekezelwe, okungenzeka nge-anorexia kodwa okuphambene nalokho.
Umuntu ohlale ezithola entula i-tonicity nemisipha angase azizwe enesidingo esicindezelayo sokuzivocavoca okuthile okungaholela ekubukekeni komzimba okungcono. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuziphatha akuzwakali kubi kakhulu, noma kunjalo, abantu abane-vigorexia benza lo mjikelezo wokuzivocavoca ube ngokweqile. Kulokho okukhiqizayo ukuthi imizimba ayilingani futhi ibe nemiphumela engokomzimba yalokho.
Kungani iqhathaniswa nenganekwane kaHercules?
Kwabanye abantu, abukho ubuhlobo phakathi kwalesi sifo kanye nenganekwane kaHercules, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi kulula kakhulu ukubona ukufana. Uma sazi okuthile ngezinganekwane zamaGreki, izinganekwane zikaHercules zimchaza njengendoda enomzimba ophelele, imisipha emikhulu, amandla amakhulu futhi ekhangayo kakhulu.
Lezi zici ziyilokho umuntu onale nkimbinkimbi ayifunayo. U-Hercules wayeyiqhawe eliqinile kodwa eliqinile, elibukekayo, elinemisipha emikhulu. Abantu abaningi bafisa ukufeza ukufana okuthile naye, kusobala ukuthi akuwona umcabango onengqondo kakhulu, kusukela okokuqala, u-Hercules ungumlingiswa oqanjiwe owadalwa izigidi zeminyaka edlule futhi okwesibili, nakuba efa, wayengeyena umuntu ngokuphelele, wayengumuntu wabantu, ngakho-ke. izindinganiso zakhe akufanele zisetshenziswe kubantu abavamile.
Ukuthatheka ngokubheka indlela ethile kungaqeda izimpilo zabanye abantu. Kulapho-ke kufanele sikhumbuze bonke abafundi bethu ukuthi ukugula ngengqondo kufanele kuphathwe njengokungathi ukugula ngokomzimba. Inganekwane kaHercules isifundisa izifundo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi ungumlingiswa oqanjiwe nokuthi ukuziphatha kwakhe akufanele kulingiswe.
Ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba
I-Vigorexia iziveza ngezindlela eziningana, nokho, okwaziwayo kakhulu yilapho isiguli sinesifiso sokwandisa imisipha yaso, into yokuqala ebaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezinale nkimbinkimbi ukuzuza isisindo, kodwa hhayi ukukhuluphala kodwa ukuphakamisa izinga lomzimba wakho. mass ngokuzivocavoca.
Basengcupheni yokuba nokuziphatha okucindezelayo okungabaholela ekubeni bazivocavoce ngokuphoqeleka, kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emizimbeni yabo futhi ngezinye izikhathi baze babulale isiguli. Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yilesi sifo yilezi: ukuzethemba, ukuquleka, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi kanye ne-tachycardia. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-vigorexia ingaba yingozi kakhulu kune-anorexia ne-bulimia ngokwayo.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi umzimba womuntu ungakwazi kuphela ukumelana 6 izinyanga zalokhu kuziphatha. Ngemva kwalokho, umzimba uzoqala ukwehluleka ngokwanele ukubangela ukufa.
Ungafunda izindatshana eziningi ezinjengalesi mayelana nenganekwane kaHercules kubhulogi yethu, empeleni, sincoma ukuthi ufunde izinganekwane zama-amazons esigabeni sezinganekwane nezinsumansumane.
Inganekwane kaHercules ibonakala kakhulu emadodeni
Nakuba abesifazane bevame ukuhlushwa izifo ezifana ne-anorexia ne-bulimia, ezihlanekezela isithombe sabo somzimba futhi zandise isifiso sokubukeka sizacile, amadoda angahlushwa yi-vigorexia. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sifo sengqondo singase sibe nembangela ezicini zezenhlalakahle (ihlelo lomzimba) kodwa futhi kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi kungase kube ukungalingani kwama-neurotransmitters obuchopho ahlobene nalolu hlobo lwe-pathology.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo (uma singakenzi umonakalo emzimbeni) kumele kube ngokwengqondo, kuguqule ukuziphatha komuntu futhi kudale ukuthi akwazi ukuphakamisa ukuzethemba kwakhe futhi afunde ukubhekana nokwehluleka. Ngendlela engokwemvelo, umsebenzi womzimba udala izinguquko zomzimba, okungukuthi, ama-hormone afana nama-endorphin akhiqizwa, okuthi, kube mnandi kakhulu, akhiqize ukuhambisana nomkhuba wokuzivocavoca umzimba, lokhu kwenza umuntu enze ukuziphatha okufanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe , uma kulawulwa angakwazi. ibe yinzuzo.
Uma ufuna ukufunda okuqukethwe okwengeziwe okufana nalokhu mayelana nenganekwane ka-Hercules, sikumema ukuthi uhlole ibhulogi yethu, njengoba sinezinhlobonhlobo zezigaba nama-athikili angempela, agcwele ukuzijabulisa nokufunda ngawe nje. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu sakamuva esishicilelwe izihloko zentsha yamakhatholika.
Sinentshisekelo yokwazi umbono wakho, ngakho-ke shiya amazwana nemicabango yakho mayelana nalesi sihloko senganekwane kaHercules.