Amaningi amagalelo alesi sazi sefilosofi esihlakaniphile, nanamuhla izinto azitholile zisabalulekile emphakathini futhi imicabango yakhe eminingi isaqhubeka nokuqashelwa phakathi neminyaka edlule, yingakho sikutshela konke Iminikelo ka-Aristotle ku-psychology.
Wayengubani u-Aristotle?
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma nge Iminikelo ka-Aristotle ku-psychology, asiqale ngokukhumbula ukuthi wayengubani. Wazalelwa edolobheni lasendulo eMakedoniya, idolobha eliseGreece, abazali bakhe bashona lapho esanda kweva eshumini nambili, kamuva bashiywa ngaphansi kokunakekela okungenzeka umfowabo kanina owamyisa e-Athene, ngaleso sikhathi okwakungumfowabo kanina. isizinda semfundo namasiko eGreece.
Wayengumfundi kaPlato e-Academy edumile yase-Athens, naye owayengumfundi kaSocrates futhi ndawonye bakha izazi zefilosofi ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. Kuthiwa u-Aristotle wayesondelene kakhulu nothisha wakhe, naphezu kokungezwani okuphawulekayo emicabangweni yakhe, njengoba uPlato ayesekela ukuphila kwakhe nezimfundiso zakhe kulokho ayekholelwa ukuthi umhlaba ungaba yikho noma okufanele ube yikho, wabheka kakhulu izimiso zokuziphatha ezisekelwe emicabangweni nasezimisweni. .
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Aristotle wayekholelwa kakhulu engqikithini yomzimba nomphefumulo, wayesekela indlela yakhe yokuphila ekuqondisweni yilokho ayekubona, akutadishe futhi akuqinisekise, wahlakulela ukufunda akuthola ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, ngendlela ethile. okungamnikeza nalokhu kuhlakanipha emhlabeni.
Cishe ngenxa yalokhu kwakumkweleta impumelelo yakhe, njengoba ngendlela ayemazisa ngayo uthisha wakhe, wamelana nefilosofi yakhe kangangokuthi ngemva kokufa kuka-Aristotle, waqala ukuzenzela eyakhe ifilosofi esekelwe kulokho ayekufunda ngezwe nangokuphila. izidalwa, okusunguliwe kanye Okutholwe ngu-Aristotle zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla futhi uyaziwa ngokuthi "uyise wefilosofi yaseNtshonalanga."
Isazi sefilosofi sasihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi sinolwazi ngezinto eziningi eziphathelene nezidalwa eziphilayo, umphakathi kanye nomhlaba wonke ngokwawo, izifundo zaso zisukela kwisayensi kuye kubhayoloji, izibalo, ezombusazwe, imetaphysics kanye nezinye izindawo eziningi zolwazi.
Iyini i-Positive Psychology?
I-Positive psychology iwucwaningo olugxile ekuvezeni i-positivism ezimpilweni zabantu ukuze lokhu kube nomthelela ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kuzo zonke izici zempilo yomuntu, konke lokhu kungenxa yokuqashelwa kwamagugu namandla empilweni.
Inhloso eyinhloko yale ndlela ukukhuthaza injabulo ekuphileni kwabantu, konke lokhu kungafezwa ngamasu ahlukene kusukela injabulo iyigama elihlobene futhi isebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene kuwo wonke umuntu, lokho kusho ukuthi imisebenzi noma izindlela ezibangela ukwaneliseka nokuzijabulisa kwelinye. umuntu uhlukile kwabanye, futhi ngisho noma kunokufana phakathi kwabantu, ekugcineni kuhlale kuyindaba yokuthanda nemibala.
Le ndlela iyasebenza ezindaweni eziningi zokufunda nosizo, njengamaqembu okusekela abantu ababhekana nezimo ezinzima, ukuqeqesha izikole zezingane ezifana nenkulisa, isikole samabanga aphansi, ngisho nakubantu abasha abadlula ezikhathini zoshintsho nezinguquko, nayo iyasebenza. isetshenziswa ezindlini zabantu abadala asebekhulile noma abantu abadala ababhekene nesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Kukhona namarekhodi okuthi ochwepheshe abaningi baye bayisebenzisa ukwelapha iziguli ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi. Konke lokhu ngoba kufakazelwe ukuthi lapho abantu begxilisa imibono nemicabango yabo ezintweni ezijabulisayo, ezijabulisayo, ezinhle, lokhu kuthinta zonke izici zempilo yabo futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula komuntu siqu, okuletha futhi inhlalakahle ezimpilweni zabantu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le yindlela okumele isetshenziswe ngendlela ochwepheshe abakwaziyo ukuyisebenzisa, ngoba baningi abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthengisa le ndlela ngokuthi "umuthi wemilingo" oguqula izimpilo zabantu zibe indaba. , noma kunjalo, uma i-psychology ingasetshenziswa kahle, ngakho-ke ayisebenzi.
Iminikelo ka-Aristotle ku-psychology
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-positivism emcabangweni nasemibonweni iye yathola ukuqashelwa ezikhathini zamuva nje, iqiniso liwukuthi yindaba osekukhulunywe ngayo amakhulu eminyaka, omunye wababhali abayinhloko okukhona isandulela ngu-Aristotle, owathi Ngaphezu kwalokho. imibhalo eminingi ayenza empilweni yakhe, phakathi kwayo kukhona eyayikhuluma ngokuziphatha, ukuziphatha kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo.
"Onqoba izifiso zakhe ngimbheka njengesibindi kunalowo onqoba izitha zakhe, ngoba ukunqoba okunzima kakhulu ukunqoba ngokwakho." Aristotle
Lapha sibala ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu Iminikelo ka-Aristotle ku-psychology:
Umgomo injabulo
Imibono eminingi ngale ndlela iye yasekelwa emibonweni u-Aristotle ayenayo esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Esazini sefilosofi, injabulo iyinjongo yokuphila futhi kumelwe ibe sobala emizweni engokwemvelo eqondisa ukuphila. Imvelo yomuntu, wayekholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazifunele injabulo yabo siqu ngenjabulo nokwaneliseka.
Lesi sici sasibaluleke kakhulu kuye kangangokuthi wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukugxilisa kubafundi bakhe ukuze bathole kuye zonke izifundo ezingaba khona mayelana nendlela yokujabula, ukuze bakusebenzise futhi bakhuthaze nabanye ukuba benze kanjalo. . Kungaleyondlela lezi zimfundiso ezasithonya ngayo, ngisho nangemva kwamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, ngaleyo ndlela ithonya nethonya elinamandla ngayo Iminikelo ka-Aristotle ku-positive psychology.
Isici esasicace kakhulu kusazi sefilosofi ukuthi izinga lethu lokunethezeka nokuzijabulisa lithonya kakhulu ezinye izici zokuphila kwethu, okungukuthi, ukuthi injabulo iletha inhlalakahle kubantu futhi lokhu kuthonya impilo, umsebenzi, ubudlelwano, ezezimali nezinye izindawo. yokuphila.
Ukubekezela Kuyisihluthulelo
Umkhuba uyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekufezekeni kokuchuma ekuphileni, u-Aristotle wayekholelwa ukuthi kufanele sivumelanise isimiso sethu nazo zonke izici zempilo yethu ukuze sifinyelele yonke imigomo esizibekele yona. Wayevumelana nokuthi "uma uyifuna, yithathe", njengoba izifiso azifiki zodwa, lapho sifuna okuthile kufanele silwe ukuze sikuthole, kungenjalo lezi ngeke zifezeke futhi zizoqhubeka zingamaphupho alula.
Isazi sefilosofi sasikholelwa ukuthi ukubekezela kuyimfanelo enhle abaningi abanayo, nokho, iwusizo kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kuzo zonke izici zokuphila. I-Positive psychology yindlela esebenzayo inqobo nje uma isetshenziswa kahle, wuhlelo oludinga ukubekezela nesineke, imiphumela ngeke iqhamuke nolunye usuku iye kolunye futhi uma kungubuhle obungenabo, kuyanconywa ukuthi uqala ukuzijwayeza ukusetshenziswa njalo.
Ubuhle Bokucabanga Kokuziphatha
Livela egameni elithi "phronesis" (phronesis) elithathwe encwadini ethi Nicomachean Ethics, okwakuwumbhalo wezindinganiso nezimiso u-Aristotle azibhala futhi azinikezela endodaneni yakhe, eyayinegama elifanayo. Leli gama line-etymology ethize eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enzima, engase ihunyushwe ngamafuphi ngokuthi ukuqonda, ukuhlakanipha nokuqonda, konke kuncike endleleni abantu abahlobanisa ngayo igama nencazelo jikelele.
U-Aristotle uhlongoze leli gama njengendlela okufanele senze ngayo ukuze siqaphele lapho okuthile kungalungile ekuziphatheni kwethu, ukuthi sibe nesibindi sokukwamukela, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke lokho senza umzamo wokukushintsha. Inhloso yalo mkhuba ukusisiza ukuba sithuthukise amandla ethu, ikakhulukazi esicini sokuziphatha nesokuziphatha, ukuze sikwazi ukwamukela amaphutha ethu futhi lokhu kusinikeza imiphumela engcono ezinqumweni zethu.