Uyazi ukuthi imihlatshelo yamaMaya yayinjani? Yazi konke lapha

Le mpucuko yaseMesoamerica ibonakala ngokwenza amasiko ahlukene. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Imihlatshelo yamaMeya. Kulesi senzakalo, Amandla Angokomoya azochaza konke okuhlobene nakho.

Imihlatshelo yamaMeya

Imihlatshelo yamaMeya

Imihlatshelo yayiwumsebenzi wenkolo kule mpucuko yaseMesoamerica. Ezakhiwe ngokubulawa kwabantu noma izilwane. Nokuchitheka kwegazi lamalungu ahlukene omphakathi, emasikweni ayengaphansi kokuqondisa kwabapristi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuzidela kube yinto engavamile engxenyeni enkulu yemiphakathi yangemva kwesimanje ezigabeni ezithile zokuziphendukela kwayo. Ukuze unikeze noma ugcwalise isibopho esiqondiswe konkulunkulu.

Phakathi nezikhathi zangaphambi kweColumbian, imihlatshelo yamaMaya yayiwumnikelo ongokwesiko owawenziwa ukuze kudliwe onkulunkulu. Yingakho, kubo, igazi lalimelela umthombo obalulekile wokudla okunomsoco konkulunkulu bamaMeya. Ngakho-ke, umhlatshelo womuntu ophilayo wawungumnikelo owaziswa kakhulu.

Ngale ndlela, umhlatshelo womuntu wawuwumnikelo oqinisekile wegazi konkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye enkulu yemikhuba evelele kakhulu yale mpucuko yaseMesoamerica yaphela ngomhlatshelo womuntu. Ngokuvamile, kwakubulawa iziboshwa zempi eziphakeme kuphela, neziboshwa ezisezingeni eliphansi zazisetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyengeziwe ephoqelelwe.

Imihlatshelo yamaMaya ehlobene nemihlatshelo yabantu, idume kabi kusukela enkathini yakudala, eyahlanganisa iminyaka engu-250 kuya ku-900 AD kuze kufike esigabeni lapho ukunqotshwa kweSpain kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngekhulu le-XNUMX.

Emifanekisweni ehlukahlukene yobuciko bamaMayan bakudala, kuchazwa umhlatshelo womuntu. Emibhalweni ye-hieroglyphic yenkathi Yakudala futhi iye yaqinisekiswa kumongo wemivubukulo ngokuhlaziywa kwezinsalela zamathambo enkathi Yakudala neye-Postclassic, eyakamuva isukela ku-900 kuya ku-1524.

Umhlatshelo womuntu ubuye achazwe emibhalweni yami yokuqala yamaMayan neSpanishi, ehlanganisa:

  • I-Madrid Codex.
  • Popol Vuh.
  • Isihloko se-Ttonicapán.
  • Rabinal Achí quinche idokhumenti.
  • I-Anals of the Cakchiqueles.
  • Izingoma ze-Yucatecan Dzitbalché.
  • Ubudlelwano bezinto zaseYucatan.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le mpucuko yaseMesoamerica yasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, lapho ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu kwakuwukukhipha ikhanda nokukhipha inhliziyo. Ezinye izinhlobo zemihlatshelo yamaMeya zazihlanganisa ukudubula isisulu ngemicibisholo, ukuphonsa isisulu ku-cenote, nokungcwaba isisulu siphila ukuze sihambisane nokungcwatshwa okuhloniphekile. Kanye nokwenza umhlatshelo wabadlali esikweni lokuzalwa kabusha elihambisana nomdlalo webhola waseMesoamerican nokuvula noma ukukhipha amathumbu.

Origen

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kokubili igazi nomhlatshelo womuntu kwakutholakala yonke indawo kuwo wonke amasiko e-pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Emiphumeleni etholakele ehlobene nalezi zinkinga, kuvumelana ukuthi le misebenzi emibili yaqala phakathi kwama-Olmec, cishe eminyakeni engu-3000 edlule, idluliselwa emasikweni ayenzeka kamuva, lapho amaMeya ahlanganiswa khona. Kodwa-ke, alukho futhi ulwazi lokuthi kungani bathuthuka phakathi kwama-Olmec.

Imihlatshelo yamaMeya

Igazi ngakho-ke inhliziyo eqhubeka ishaya, imelela ingxenye eyinhloko kokubili ku-ethnography kanye ne-iconography yemihlatshelo yamaMeya. Kungakho ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngesiko kunqunyelwe le mpucuko, ukuxhumana nezinto ezingcwele, okwakumele bona khona kanye ubukhona bokuhleleka kwemvelo.

Kunezincazelo ezibonisa ukuthi, njengazo zonke izinhlangano ezingokwasezulwini ezaziwa kakhulu, ngokunokwenzeka izikhulu zezombangazwe nezezenkolo zaseMaya zenza izenzo ezaziqinisa kanyekanye ukuze zivune isikhundla somuntu ngamunye futhi zisekele ukuzinza okubalulekile komphakathi kubo bobabili abaphezulu.

Ngokusebenzisa amasiko lapho imihlatshelo yamaMaya yenziwa khona, eyayisebenza njengento eyinhloko yokuhlanganiswa komphakathi. Nokho, akukho kulokhu okuye kwaqinisekiswa kumarekhodi omlando.

Izindlela

Amalungu asendulo ale mpucuko yaseMesoamerica ayesebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene emihlatshelweni yabantu.

Ukunqunywa

Imikhuba evelele kakhulu, okwagqama phakathi kwayo ukunikezelwa kwamathempeli nezigodlo, kanye nokugcotshwa kombusi omusha, kwacela umnikelo womuntu. Umhlatshelo wenkosi eyisitha wawubhekwa njengomnikelo obaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa nokunqunywa ikhanda kombusi owayeboshiwe efanekiseni okuyisiko lokunqunywa kwekhanda likankulunkulu wommbila wamaMaya onkulunkulu bokufa.

Ngonyaka ka-738, umholi omkhulu wedolobha lasendulo lamaMaya eQuiriguá, uK`ak`Tiliw Chan Yopaat, wabopha umbusi wakhe omkhulu u-Uaxaclajuun Ub`aah K`awiil wasedolobheni laseCopan, kamuva wamnquma ikhanda ngesiko.

Imihlatshelo enjalo yangempela yamaMaya yayivame ukulotshwa embhalweni wamaMayan nge-glyph (okwakuwuphawu oluqoshiwe), imbazo umcimbi. Ngokufanayo, ukunquma inkosi eyisitha nakho kungase kwengezwe engxenyeni yomkhuba wokuzalwa kabusha ohlobene nomdlalo webhola. Okwakumelela ukunqoba kwamaqhawe angamawele u-Ixbalanqué noHunahpú, amadodana kankulunkulu u-Hun-Hunahpú no-Ixquic, phezu konkulunkulu bezwe elingaphansi komhlaba, iNkosi yaseXibalbá.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi insumansumane yamawele angamaqhawe, echazwe kuPopol Vuh, isho ukuthi, njengoyise nomalume, banqunywa amakhanda yizitha zabo emdlalweni webhola. Okukhulunywa ngakho kulo msebenzi wokubhala ngemva kokulandisa okubhekiselwe ekudalweni kwesintu.

Amawele angamaqhawe, u-Hunahpú kanye no-Ixbalanqué, abhekane namakhosi ase-Xibalbá. Indaba isitshela ukuthi bobabili babezilolongela umdlalo webhola enkundleni etholakala ngenhla kombuso wabafileyo, lapho amakhosi ase-Xibalbá ayekhona, ngakho leyo ndawo yathola igama elithi Xibalbá.

Ngakho-ke, ukwenza umdlalo webhola kuleyo ndawo kubangele ukuthi i-Lords of Xibalbá icasuke, ngaleyo ndlela kwabangela inselelo kumawele, okusekelwe ekwenzeni umdlalo womdlalo endaweni yawo. Kamuva amawele alahlekelwa, ngakho anikelwa futhi angcwatshwa. Enquma ikhanda lomunye wabo bese elenga esihlahleni esomile.

Imihlatshelo yamaMeya

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, endaweni lapho leso sihlahla sasikhona, kwahamba intombazane egama layo lingu-Ixquic, eyakhafulelwa ngaso leso sihlahla. Okwamenza wakhulelwa futhi kamuva wazala amawele u-Hunahpú no-Ixbalanqué.

Ababebonakala ngokuba nolwazi oluningi lapho bekhombisa khona amakhono abo. Bobabili babefuna ukwenza impindiselo kayise nomalume, okwabaholela ekubeni benze isu lokuphonsela inselelo iS.makhosi we Xibalba. 

Obekususela ekutheni bazozilolongela ibhola, endaweni okudlalwa kuyona lo mdlalo kayise nomalume. Lapho ekwenza, amalungu eXibalbá aphinde acasuka. Ngakho kwaphinde kwaqubuka impi, eyayihlanganisa ukuba abazalwane bagxume umgodi obanzi owawuvutha.

Amawele angamaqhawe ezama futhi akhubeka amathambo awo abhodlozwa aze aphenduka umlotha waphonswa emfuleni wagcinwa kolunye usebe lwawo. Indawo lapho amawele aphinde akhula khona, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abuya esezifihle njenge Xibalba.

Kanjalo ukuphatha ukubusa abakhileyo, ukuze babagcine bephila uma beshiya wonke amandla abo okwenza okubi. Kusukela lapho, amawele I-Hunahpú ne-Ixbalanqué, baba onkulunkulu futhi kule mpucuko bafanekisela Inyanga neLanga Funda kabanzi mayelana ne umdlalo webhola we-mayan.

Umhlatshelo wokunqunywa umelelwe ebucikweni baseMayan benkathi ye-Classic, lapho kubonakala khona ukuthi wenziwa ngemuva kokuba isisulu sihlukunyezwe, sishaywe, isikhumba sekhanda sinezinwele ezinamathele, zishiswe, noma zizosusa amathumbu. .

Kubuye kuchazwe emifanekisweni ehlukahlukene etholakala ezungeze izinkundla ezimbili zebhola eziseChichen Itza, iGreat Ballcourt kanye neBallcourt of the Nuns.

ukukhishwa kwenhliziyo

Phakathi nenkathi ye-postclassic, phakathi kweminyaka engu-900 kuya ku-1524, imihlatshelo yamaMaya, eyayisekelwe ekukhipheni izinhliziyo zabantu abathile, kwakuyinqubo evamile, eyathola ithonya lesiko lamaToltec kanye nabantu base-Aztec. , engasesigodini saseMexico. Okuvame ukwenziwa egcekeni lethempeli noma phezulu kombhoshongo wethempeli.

Le nqubo yayihlanganisa ukukhumula isisulu, asibhince isigqoko esicijile nokusipenda okwesibhakabhaka. Lombala wawumelela umhlatshelo. Kule nqubo, abapristi abane babengabasizi ababependwe okwesibhakabhaka okufanekisela amaChaacs amane, ababengabaxhasi bezinkombandlela zekhadinali. Laba bathatha isisulu ngesitho ngasinye lapho silele phezu kwetshe elivelele elaliphakamisela isifuba saso phezulu.

Encwadini ethi Relation of the things of Yucatan, eyabhalwa umbhishobhi waseSpain u-Diego de Landa, kwachazwa maqondana nemihlatshelo yalolu hlobo, ukuthi umpristi ogama lakhe linguNacom wasebenzisa ummese womhlatshelo owenziwe ngensengetsha, owaziwa nangokuthi insengetsha, ukuze ukubiza ngaphansi kwezimbambo nokukhipha inhliziyo ngenkathi iqhubeka nokushaya.

I-Nacom yadlulisela isitho kumpristi ophethe, okuthiwa uChilan, owageza umfanekiso kankulunkulu wethempeli ngegazi. Kuye ngesiko, amaChaacs amane ayewisa isidumbu phansi ezitebhisini zethempeli egcekeni elingezansi, lapho abapristi abasizayo babesusa khona isikhumba, ngaphandle kwezandla nezinyawo.

Kamuva, u-El Chilan, wakhumula izingubo zakhe zemicikilisho futhi wafaka esikhumbeni sesisulu esasihlatshelwe, ukuze aqale umdanso ongokwesiko owawumelela ukuzalwa kabusha ekuphileni. Uma kwenzeka iqhawe elinesibindi esivelele, lowo owanikelwa umhlatshelo, isidumbu sakhe sahlukaniswa kabili futhi izingxenye zadliwa amaqhawe nabanye abasizi.

Nakuba izandla nezinyawo zinikelwa kuChilan, okwakuthi uma kungokwesiboshwa sempi, agcine amathambo njengomklomelo. Ngokwezifundo zemivubukulo, imihlatshelo yamaMayan, lapho inhliziyo yakhishwa khona, isukela ekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Classic.

imihlatshelo ngemicibisholo

Amasiko ahlukahlukene ayenziwa ngomhlatshelo wokucibishela imicibisholo. Le nqubo yayifana ncamashi nokukhipha inhliziyo, njengoba isisulu saphinde sakhumulwa saba nqunu, sapendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi saphoqelelwa ukuba sigqoke isigqoko esicijile. Kamuva yaboshelwa esigxotsheni ngenkathi kwenziwa umdanso ongokwesiko, lapho igazi lalikhishwa esithweni sangasese, kusetshenziswa ameva ababegcoba ngawo umfanekiso kankulunkulu.

Khona-ke ngaphezu kwenhliziyo yesisulu, kwapendwe uphawu olumhlophe, okwakuwuphawu olwalusetshenziswa abacibisheli. Abantu abebedansa badlule phambi kwesisulu, kwathi imicibisholo idutshulwe ngokushintshana, okugcine ngokuthi isifuba sigcwale iziqhumane.

Imihlatshelo yamaMeya

Lona omunye wemihlatshelo yamaMaya, ehlehlela emuva enkathini yakudala futhi ichazwa ngemidwebo etholakala ezindongeni zeThempeli II laseTikal. Encwadini yezincwadi ethi Los Cantares de Dzitbalché, okuyiqoqo lezinkondlo zaseYucatecan Mayan, ezasuka ekhulwini le-XNUMX, ichaza umhlatshelo ngomcibisholo ezibongweni ezimbili. Lapho kubhekwa khona ukuthi bakha amakhophi ezinkondlo zekhulu leshumi nanhlanu, lapho isikhathi se-Postclassic sidlula.

Enye yalezi zinkondlo isihloko sayo sithi Umcibisholo Omncane, okuyingoma ekhuthaza isisulu ukuba sibe nesibindi futhi sizole. Ngenkathi enye inkondlo ibizwa nge-Archer's Dance, eyayiyingxenye yesiko lokuhlonipha ilanga eliphumayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa iziqondiso zomcibisholo, lapho etshelwa khona indlela yokulungisa imicibisholo yakhe, nendlela okufanele adanse ngayo kathathu ezungeza isisulu.

Ngokunjalo nonozinti uyalelwe ukuthi angadubuli kuze kube isiwombe sesibili, naye kumele aqinisekise ukuthi umufi ushona kancane. Ngomzuliswano wesithathu, ngesikhathi bedansa, unozinti bekumele adubule kabili.

Amasiko

Ulwazi oluphathelene nemikhuba yamaMaya luchazwa ngokuyinhloko emibhalweni yemilando kanye namakhodidi akhona, umphumela wophenyo lwezithunywa zevangeli ze-ethnographers ezitholwe ngemva kokunqotshwa kweSpain iYucatan kanye nezincazelo zemivubukulo ezenzeka kamuva.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imibhalo embalwa ehlobene namarekhodi omlando wale mpucuko yatholakala, enikeza ukwethembeka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi kulawo okwenzeka esikhathini se-postclassic. Olunye uphenyo olubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nalesi sihloko olwenziwa ngu-Diego de Landa.

Kodwa-ke, imibhalo egciniwe yemivubukulo iye yasabalala ngenkathi ukumba kwenziwa, okwavumela ukuthi iningi lalokho okwachazwa ngaleso sikhathi ngababhali bokuqala bemilando kuqinisekiswe. Intuthuko efanelekile ibihlobene nokucaciswa kwe-syllabary yamaMayan. eyenziwe maphakathi nawo-1950, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqonda ama-glyphs aqoshwe emathempelini ahlukahlukene.

Ngokunjalo, ukumbiwa kanye nezifundo zezobunhloli zezinsalela zabantu nakho kusivumele ukuthi sifunde ngeminyaka, ubulili kanye nembangela yokufa kwezisulu zemihlatshelo yamaMaya. Funda kabanzi mayelana Mayan umlilo unkulunkulu.

Le mpucuko yaseMesoamerica yabamba iqhaza emikhosini eminingi namasiko abanjwa ngezinsuku ezimisiwe zonyaka. Lapho ingxenye enkulu yazo yayihlanganisa nemihlatshelo yezilwane okwakukhishwa kuyo igazi. Ngokwezifundo ezihlukahlukene, kucatshangwa ukuthi yonke le mikhuba isuka kuma-Olmec, okwakuyimpucuko yokuqala esifundeni.

Imihlatshelo yamaMaya yayivame ukwenziwa esidlangalaleni futhi yenziwa abaholi bezenkolo noma bezombangazwe, ababebhoboza indawo ethambile yomzimba, ikakhulukazi ulimi, indlebe, noma ijwabu. Ukuze ugcine igazi futhi kamuva usakaze ngqo phezu kwesithombe. Yaqoqwa nasephepheni elashiswa kamuva.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi endaweni lapho iNicaragua ikhona khona, igazi laligcotshwa phezu kommbila, labelwa abantu futhi libhakwa esinkwa esingcwele. Ngisho negazi laliqoqwa kwabesifazane abasezingeni eliphezulu nejwabu lezinsizwa.

Imihlatshelo yamaMeya

Indawo okwakuqoqwe kuyo yayibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni isiko. Ngokocwaningo oluthile, kwakubhekwa njengephephile ngokuphelele ukuthi igazi eliphuma esithweni sangasese nesitho sangasese sowesifazane lalingcwele kakhulu. Futhi yayinamandla akhethekile okuvundisa. Ngokufanayo, amasiko anjalo ayebhekwa njengebalulekile ekuvuseleleni umhlaba wemvelo, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezitshaliwe.

Ngokwezinye izincazelo, amadoda nabesifazane babehlangana ethempelini futhi bema umugqa. Babe sebebhoboza imbobo ngayinye elungeni ohlangothini ngalunye, base beyidlulisela ngentambo eningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, bonke ababehlangene futhi baboshwe ngamaketanga bagcoba umfanekiso, owawubhekwa abaseSpain njengokukhulekela ilanga leBhola elivela eBhayibhelini.

Ukuzidela nakho kwakuyisenzakalo sansuku zonke. Ikakhulukazi abantu abadlula eduze kwesisulu bemgcoba ngegazi elidonswa khona lapho, okwakunencazelo yesihe. Nokho, labo ababengabefundisi baseSpain bamelana nemihlatshelo yamaMaya ehlobene negazi, njengendlela edume kabi yokulahlwa kwabomdabu.

Izilwane

EMesoamerica zazingekho izilwane ezifuywayo, njengezimvu, izinkomo nezingulube. Ngakho-ke amaprotheni ezilwane kanye nokuphuma kokunye kwatholakala ngokuzingela. Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe iyisilwane esasisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni imihlatshelo yamaMayan kanye nezidlo zomkhosi.

Nokho, umphumela wezifundo zemivubukulo awuchazi umehluko ocacile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezilwane okungokwezwe nokungcwele. Ngemva kwezinyamazane, izilwane ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu emihlatshelweni yamaMaya kwakuyizinja nezinyoni ezihlukahlukene. Lapho amakhanda abo anikelwa ezithombeni.

Futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezidalwa ezingavamile ezifana nama-jaguar nama-alligator zaziyingxenye yemihlatshelo yamaMayan. Ngakho-ke, ukunikela ngezilwane kwakuyisiko elivamile ngaphambi kokuqala kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi ovelele noma isikhungo.

Ngokufanayo, uDe Landa, owayengumbhishobhi wesibili waseYucatan, wenza incazelo ehlobene nemikhosi nemikhuba yekhalenda. Kodwa-ke, asikho kulezi zenzakalo ezivame ukubhekisela emihlatshelweni yamaMayan. Okusho ukuthi izimpimpi zabo ezikule mpucuko abanalwazi ngazo. Hhayi-ke, mhlawumbe umfundisi wayezoba nobunzima ekukhipheni ulwazi olunjalo.

Ngokuvamile kuchazwa ukuthi umbono wendabuko wukuthi amalungu ale mpucuko yaseMesoamerica ayengenawo amandla lapho enza imihlatshelo yabantu kunezinye izimpucuko.

Eqinisweni, uBancroft uchaza lokho okuhlobene nomsebenzi eMexico owawuzoba uphawu lokufa komhlatshelo wezisulu ezingabantu. Kuzokwenzeka eYucatan ngokufa kwenja enamabala. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wezinhlobonhlobo zamarekhodi emivubukulo uqinisekisa ukuthi umhlatshelo wabantu wawungaziwa yilo mphakathi waseMesoamerica.

Kuphinde kubhekiselwe eqinisweni lokuthi idolobha lamaMaya eChichen Itza laliyindawo eyinhloko yamandla esifunda kule mpucuko. Esikhathini Sakamuva Sakudala, semihlatshelo yabantu. Yazi konke okuhlobene Amadolobha aseMeya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemibhobho emibili yemvelo, noma imisele, endaweni yedolobha, ebinganikeza amanzi okuphuza amaningi. Ukuba okubanzi kunawo wonke ku-Sacred Cenote noma Emthonjeni Womhlatshelo. Indawo lapho izisulu eziningi ziphonswa khona njengomnikelo kunkulunkulu wemvula uChaac.

Umdlalo webhola

Ukuba khona kwemihlatshelo yamaMaya kwafakazelwa kulo msebenzi wezemidlalo, ngokusho kwemiphumela yophenyo oluhlukahlukene lwemivubukulo, ngemuva kwenkathi yakudala. Ikakhulukazi emasikweni ayesendaweni yaseVeracruz.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuleyo ndawo izethulo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemihlatshelo yamaMaya zibonwa emabhodini alo mdlalo. Ikakhulukazi lezo ezenziwe eTajín, Chichén Itzá nase-Aparicio etholakala eVeracruz.

Ku-Popol Vuh, enye yezincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu zakudala zaseMelika, kukhona nezincazelo ezihlobene nalesi sihloko. Ngokwabanye abacwaningi, lo mbhalo wamaMaya ubizwa nangokuthi insalela eyinqaba yomcabango wabomdabu baseZweni Elisha.

Umvubukuli uMiguel Rivera Dorado, wenza uchungechunge lophenyo. Lapho echaza khona ukuthi esinye sezethulo zemihlatshelo yamaMaya ePopol Vuh, kufakazelwa esahlukweni XXI. Lapho kubuyekezwa khona amasiko okuvula isifuba kanye nohlangothi lwabantu ukuze kukhishwe inhliziyo, okwakuhlanganisa umhlatshelo womuntu.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emikhubeni eyenziwa amaMayya, inqubo ibisuselwe ekuvuleni isifuba ngokusishaya kakhulu. Ngommese we-Flint, endaweni engakwesokunxele, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezimbambo. Bese befaka isandla ukuze bakhiphe inhliziyo. Futhi babeyikhombisa ngesikhathi isashaya ukuze ifinyelele uvuthondaba ngokuyigcina ethreyini yetshe bese beyishisa.

Enye indlela imihlatshelo yamaMaya eyenziwa ngayo, ngaphandle kwe-cardiotomy, kwakuwukwenza i-decapitation. Okwakuncike esikweni elenziwayo. Njengalokho okuhlobene nezimpi, ukwesaba kwakufuna izimbangi kanye nokubuswa, kwezinye izimo, kwezakhamuzi.

Kuleli siko laseMesoamerica, iminikelo yegazi nayo yenziwa. Lolu hlobo lwesiko luchazwe esahlukweni XXII sePopol Vuh. Ngesikhathi sokulandisa ukwaneliseka okuzwiwa abadela ameva nensengetsha. Okwakuhlanganisa ukusika noma ukubhoboza imilenze, izingalo, izindlebe, izilimi nezindawo ezisondelene. Ukuwenza ngama-manta ray spines kanye ne-flint noma i-obsidian lancets.

Igazi libe seligcinwa ezitsheni ezinezicucu zamagxolo esihlahla. Lapho isicwiliswe kahle futhi yomile, yayishiswa, ukuze intuthu iqondise umnikelo kunkulunkulu. Ngale ndlela, abantu banikela ngegazi labo, elalimelela into ephilayo, endaweni yonke. Ngenhloso yokwenza uhlobo lwengxube phakathi kwabantu namandla angaphezu kwawemvelo omkhathi.

Imihlatshelo yamaMeya

Ngakho-ke, imihlatshelo yamaMaya yachazwa emisebenzini eminingana yobuciko yale mpucuko. Okwabonwa kuzo iziboshwa zinikelwa khona ngemuva kokuhlulwa umdlalo. Nokho, emadolobheni anjengeTajín neChichén Itzá, lokhu kuzidela kwenziwa kubadlali nomholi weqembu eliphumelelayo.

Ngokunjalo, kwanqunywa amakhanda emdlalweni webhola. Okutholakale kumelelwe inani elikhulu lezithombe zobuciko, lapho amakhanda anqunywe abonakala khona. Okubuye kuchazwe kuyiPopol Vuh.

Encazelweni yama-Aztec yomdlalo webhola, amakhanda abadlali beqembu elihlulwe emdlalweni abekwe phezu kwe-altare. Okwamukele igama leTzompantli, eseduze nenkundla. Ukunikela ngegazi lalabo badlali njengokudla konkulunkulu. Kukhona ngisho abacwaningi abacabange ukuthi amakhanda nawo asetshenziswa njengamabhola.

Ezinye izindlela

Phakathi kwezinye izinqubo zemihlatshelo yama-Mayan, kukhona enye yaleyo emelwe kumdwebo we-Late Classic. Esakhiweni esingcwatshwe ngaphansi kweQembu G eTikal. Lapho kuboniswa khona isisulu esasiboshwe izandla ngemuva kwekhanda, kuyilapho amathumbu akhe ekhishwa. Nangenkathi Yakudala, kwakwenziwa iminikelo eyayihlanganisa ukungcwaba umuntu ephila.

Ezinye zazihlanganisa ukujikijela abantu njengeminikelo ngezikhathi zesomiso, zendlala noma zokugula. E-Sacred Cenote etholakala eChichen Itzá. Okwakuyimbobo yemvelo elinganiselwa kumamitha angama-50 ububanzi. Futhi iconsi lamamitha angu-20 ebusweni bamanzi, okwakungamamitha angu-20 ukujula. Uma ubunentshisekelo olwazini olukulesi sihloko, ungase futhi ufune ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana IJaguar yaseMayan.


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