I-blackcap inyoni encane enezinsiba eziningi ezinemibala epholile futhi ehlakaniphile. Ikakhulukazi ezimpapheni zayo, kugqame imibala empunga eqinile engxenyeni engenhla futhi ilula engxenyeni engezansi. I-warbler evamile, isakazeke ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene njenge-Afrika, i-Asia kanye neYurophu. I-capirotada warbler ingeyomndeni wakwaSylvidae noma wakwaSilvidos, yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi i-Sylvia atricapilla.
Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane bane-cap yesici etholakala phezulu kwekhanda labo futhi ngenxa yalokho uhlobo lobulili lungahlukaniswa, endabeni yabesilisa lunombala omnyama, kanti kwabesifazane luvame ukuba mnyama. ukuze ube nomthunzi onsundu ngokubomvu. Ubukhulu balolu hlobo lwezinyoni buphakathi kuka-13 no-15 amasentimitha, zincane, okwenza zicishe zingabonakali ngokwemvelo.
Ngenxa yengoma yayo emnandi nehlukahlukene, iBlackcap ihlukaniswa ngabaningi njenge-"nightingale" entsha evela ezincwadini, kumamuvi ngisho nasemculweni. Naphezu kokuzingela okukhulu emazweni athile kanye nezingozi zezilwane ezidla ezinye, Lolu hlobo lwaziwa ngokuthi luyazivikela futhi luye lwasakazeka phakathi neminyaka.
I-Blackcap noma i-Sylvia atricapilla
Iwuhlobo lwe-warbler, oluvame kakhulu endaweni yaseCentral Europe. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo kanye nale ndawo, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa, okungukuthi, lezo ezihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga yeYurophu zibhekwa njengezinyoni ezikude, kanti lezi ezisentshonalanga nezindawo ezimaphakathi ziyizinyoni ezikude naphakathi.
Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lungatholakala nasezindaweni zase-Afrika nase-AsiaNgaphezu kwalokho, enye yezindawo ezivame ukubonakala lolu hlobo lwenyoni iseziQhingini zaseCanary, lapho zakha khona indawo yazo ngenxa yezindawo lapho kukhona khona uhlaza oluningi nokudla.
Ingoma evamile yama-blackcaps iqala kancane futhi ikhuphuke ngevolumu kungazelelwe. Ibonakala ngokuba nengoma emfushane neshayayo. Kuvamile ukuthi ingadideka nengoma yezinye izinhlobo.
Lapho zitholakala khona: indawo yokuhlala nokusabalalisa
Lezi zinhlobo ezinhle zisatshalaliswa, njengoba sike sasho ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zaseYurophu, kodwa zingatholakala nase-Afrika nase-Asia. Enye yezindawo ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwezwekazi laseYurophu, yiCanary Islands, eSpain. Kule ndawo, akuzona kuphela amabhishi alo kanye nesimo sezulu esihle esivelele, kodwa futhi nezindawo zayo zezitshalo nokudla kwalolu hlobo nezinye.
Indawo yokuzalela yalolu hlobo endaweni yezwekazi iphakathi kukaJulayi 14 no-30. Ama-warbler atholakala ezindaweni zaseMedithera nase-Atlantic, alala ngaphansi kwendawo yokuzalela, kuyilapho izinyoni ezihlala kwezinye izindawo ziyafuduka.
Isigqoko esimnyama yinyoni efudukayo, okungukuthi, izinyoni ezitholakala enyakatho yendawo ezizalela kuyo ziya eningizimu, kanti lezo ezizalela eMedithera zikwenza lokho endaweni ekude.
Ukuzalaniswa okuthunjiwe kwezinyoni zaseCanary Islands nama-warbler afudukayo avela eJalimane kwaphumela ekubeni inzalo enokuziphatha okulawulwayo ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ngaphezu kokubonisa ukuthi isidingo salokhu kufuduka silawulwa izakhi zofuzo.
Indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko ye-blackcap
Indawo eyinhloko yalolu hlobo lwezinyoni isemahlathini avundile avuthiwe. Lapho kukhona uhlaza oluningi, namahlozi aminyene ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Ezinye izindawo lapho lolu hlobo lwenyoni lungabonwa khona lisemapaki, izingadi, uthango, kodwa inqobo nje uma uhlaza luhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile.
Ezinye izibonelo lapho lolu hlobo lwezinyoni luzala khona izihlahla ze-oki, izihlahla zomlotha nezinye izihlahla ezifanayo, futhi emahlathini ama-coniferous, amahlathi axubile, amasimu ezithelo, ama-olive groves, njll. Babheka izindawo ezinomthunzi, bagwema izindawo ezomile kakhulu ezinohlaza oluncane. Eduze kwemifudlana noma imifula, lapho kunomswakama owengeziwe, kuvamile ukuyibona.
Esimeni lapho emadolobheni noma emadolobheni kunikezwa inani elikhulu lokudla, ngenxa yezizathu zezulu noma ezinye, ama-blackcaps aphendukela kubo, angabonwa ngeso lomuntu ngenxa yokungamethembi kwakhe okukhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenxa yokushesha nokushesha kwakhe.
Izimpawu ze-Blackcap
Ikala phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-13 no-15 ubude, njengoba sibonisile ekuqaleni kokushicilelwa, futhi icishe ibe ngamasentimitha angama-20 no-23 ngobubanzi bamaphiko. Ngokuqondene nesisindo sazo, zingaba nesisindo esiphakathi kuka-14 noma 20 amagremu.
ipeni nombala
Izimpaphe ze-blackcap, ibukeka inobuhlakani ngenxa yemibala yayo eyisiza ukuthi inganakwa kubo bonke labo, abangazange bakwazi ukufunda ukuyihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo, bakwazi ukuyiphambanisa nondlunkulu wendlu.
Endabeni yabesilisa, ingxenye engenhla yezimpaphe zabo, ekhanda, entanyeni nasesifubeni, inombala ompunga womnqumo. noma onsundu ngokumpunga. I-rump, ingxenye engenhla yomsila, inethoni empunga ekhanyayo, indawo yesisu ngokuvamile imhlophe. Futhi kokubili umsila namaphiko anombala ompunga omnyama.
Ngokuqondene nezinsikazi, ziyehluka kwabesilisa ngephimbo lomqhele, kuyingxenye engaphezulu yamakhanda enyoni., okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ikepisi. Endabeni yabesilisa, inombala omnyama ocwebezelayo futhi kwabesifazane, ithoni inombala onsundu kakhulu. Njengakwezinye izimo, ahlukene ngemibala yengxenye engenhla yezimpaphe zawo. Ngokuqondene nesifuba nasemaceleni, kwabesifazane kuphaphathekile ngombala.
Izibonelo ezincane kunazo zonke zinezici ezifanayo nezabesifazane abadala.s ngokuqondene nalawo mathoni ansundu abomvu atholakala phezulu kwekhanda.
ukucula kwe-warbler
Le nyoni ihlukile kwezinye ngokuba ngokungakhathali futhi ikubonisa lokhu ngokucula kwayo njalo. nangazo zonke izigaba zonyaka. Lokhu kwenzeka kuzo zombili izibonelo zabesilisa nabesifazane. Ingoma ye-blackcap imnandi futhi ihlukahlukene, ihambisana nochungechunge lwamakhwela amafushane.
Ingoma yezibonelo zesilisa isuka kokuningi iye kokuncane, igcine ngephimbo eliphakeme. Ingadlala ukuqhuma okungafika kumasekhondi angu-30 ubude. Lokhu kuqhuma kungaphindaphindwa imizuzu emibili noma emithathu.
Ingadideka nolunye uhlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane, njenge-warbler yasengadini, kodwa leyo ye-blackcap yimfushane kakhulu. Zombili izingoma ziyimisindo ethulile futhi zifana kakhulu ngokwengoma eziyidlalayo.
Esinye isici okufanele sigcizelele ukuthi i-blackcap ngezinye izikhathi ingalingisa ingoma yezinye izinhlobo wezinyoni njenge-nightingale evamile.
Indiza nesidleke seBlackcaps
Ukundiza kwalolu hlobo lwenyoni kubonakala ngokushesha, okusheshayo nokukhuthele, njengoba kuyinyoni engaphumuli futhi ematasa.. Lapho zifuna ukusuka kwesinye isihlahla ziye kwesinye, zikwenza ngokuqhaqhazela, uma kuziwa emabangeni amafushane. Uma ibanga lendiza likhulu, indiza iba yinde kakhulu.
Ezikhathini zasebusika, imibhangqwana ihlala ndawonye lapho indiza, kuyilapho, ngezikhathi zasehlobo, insikazi ishiya ihambisana nezinye izibonelo ezincane.. Lapho ethuswa yimuphi umsindo, ukunyakaza, noma isixwayiso, andizela ezindaweni ezihlukene. Akajwayele ukwehlela phansi, uma enyakaza uyagxumagxuma.
Ngokuqondene nezidleke zama-warblers, zakhiwe kabi, okungukuthi, zilula futhi zakhiwe ngezinto ezincane.. Ngabesilisa, abakhetha indawo ekahle lapho isidleke sizobekwa khona, ukusimaka ngosizo lwamakhambi omile, insikazi iphethe ukwakhiwa kwaso. Bathatha cishe izinsuku ezine noma ezinhlanu ukwakha, besebenzisa izinto ezinjengotshani omisiwe, ubulembu, izimpande, izinwele, njll. Ngokuvamile, zivame ukufihlwa phakathi kwezihlahla noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-undergrow.
Lidlani ikepisi elimnyama
Ukudla okuyinhloko ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa izinambuzane ezincane. Kamuva, lapho kufika izinyanga zasehlobo, bashintshela esithelweni, amajikijolo noma izithelo zasendle.
Ezinye izimbungulu eziyingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwazo izintwala, izimpukane, amabhungane, amacimbi noma izikelemu.. Iminenke emincane nayo ibanjwa yilezi zinyoni, zizidle ziphelele ngaphandle kokuthi zihlukaniswe, okungukuthi, zidla kokubili isilwane negobolondo laso.
Intsha idliswa izinambuzane ezincane, ama-cherry, amakhiwane noma ezinye izithelo zasendle ezitholakala kule nkathi. Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, izithelo ezinjengama-apula noma amapheya ziwumthombo wazo oyinhloko wokudla. njengoba ziyizitshalo ezingafinyeleleka kakhulu. Bakhama imbewu ngaphandle kwezithelo, ngaphambi kokudla i-pulp.
Ngaphakathi kokudla kwabo, ungathola futhi izithelo ze-ivy, amajikijolo ezitshalo ezahlukene, i-elderberry, i-hawthorn, i-blackberry, i-yew, isithelo se-holly, njll.
Izilwane ezizingelayo ezinkulu nezifo
Enye yezilwane ezidla ama-blackcaps oklebe, kodwa Kungaba isisulu sazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, kusukela ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane njengamakati nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.. Ngisho nabantu, singaba ezinye zezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu ngokuzingela lolu hlobo futhi siwagcine ekuthunjweni.
Ngokuqondene ne izifo lolu hlobo lwenyoni olubhekana nazo, ikakhulukazi zibangelwa amagciwane athile adala isifo esithathelwanayo ezingathinta kakhulu lolu hlobo lwezilwane. Ukutheleleka nge-parasite kamalaleveva kungase kwenzeke, kube yingozi kulolu hlobo ngenxa yomthamo wawo omkhulu wokudlulisela.
Esinye isimo sezifo sibangelwa izikelemu ezithwala ama-warbler ngaphakathi kuzo ngezikhathi ezithile,baphele nabancane babo. Izimuncagazi zangaphandle ezingase zihlupheke izintwala noma izibungu ezitholakala ezimpahleni zazo.
Njengoba sesibonile, i-blackcap inyoni encane enezimpaphe ezinemibala eminingi eyisiza ukuba inganakwa. Kusatshalaliswa yizindawo ezahlukene ezakha imiphakathi emincane yalolu hlobo.