La Umlando ka-Agustin de Iturbide akhawunti ukuthi wayeyindoda yezempi kanye nezombusazwe waseMexico, wayeyingxenye yempi yenkululeko yaseMexico. Ngokulandelayo, wayenemibono ephambene yoMthethosisekelo weCadiz.
Umlando ka-Agustin de Iturbide
La Umlando ka-Agustin de Iturbide usitshela ukuthi wazalwa ngoSepthemba 27, 1783 ePadilla Tamaulipas eMexico. Wathuthuka njengendoda yezempi futhi wathuthuka kwezombusazwe waseMexico.
Kwakuyingxenye yenkathi yokuqala yeMpi Yenkululeko YaseMexico. Kulolu hlelo nguyena obephethe ukuqondisa ibutho lezikhulu zasebukhosini ngenhloso yokuqeda amavukelambuso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wasebenza njengomphathi ku-triennium yenkululeko eSpain, ngenhloso yokulwa noVicente Guerrero, owayengumlingisi owasebenza njengomhlahlandlela wabavukeli baseSierra Madre del Sur.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igqama ngokuba nemibono engqubuzana ngokuphelele naleyo eyayiqukethwe kuMthethosisekelo waseCádiz. Isimo esamholela ekutheni abhekane namabutho amavukelambuso ezindabeni eziphambene nalo mthethosisekelo.
Ngendlela efanayo, kwamenyezelwa oHlelweni lwase-Iguala ngoFebhuwari 24, 1821. Futhi ngaphakathi kwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, kufanele kuthiwe ngo-August walowo nyaka ofanayo kwasayinwa iSivumelwano sase-Córdoba lapho Naye ahlanganyela khona. njengoJuan O Donoju. Kungemva kwalokhu lapho kutholakala khona inkululeko, khona kanye mhla zingama-27 kuMandulo walowo nyaka.
uhulumeni ophethe
Ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uyena owayephethe abaphathi bakahulumeni wokuqala onesikhundla sesikhashana eMexico. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-May 18, 1822, iqembu lezifiki lammemezela njengombusi. Kungemva kwalokhu lapho ngoMeyi 19 walowo nyaka, iCongress inquma ukumqoka ngokusemthethweni, yethule utshalomali olunesizotha. Ekugcineni, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili, waqanjwa ngokuthi u-Agustín I.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi ngo-December 1822 ukunyakaza kwamavukela-mbuso kwahlelwa ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Veracruz Plan, eyandulelwa ngu-Antonio López de Santa Anna. Umlingiswa owayenemibono ye-republican evukela umbuso kumbuso wobukhosi.
NgoFebhuwari wonyaka olandelayo, ukusayinwa kwe-Casa Mata Plan kuyasetshenziswa, lokhu kwabangela ukuthi amaRiphabhulikhi namaBourbonists ahlangane ngenhloso yokunqoba ukubusa kuka-Agustín de Iturbide.
Ngemva kwazo zonke izimo ezabangelwa amavukela-mbuso, unquma ukuhoxa e-Europe ngoMashi ngawo lowo nyaka. Nakuba ayengekho eMexico, iCongress yaseMexico inquma ukuhlukanisa u-Agustín I njengembuka; konke lokhu kusukela athatha umhlalaphansi esikhundleni sakhe ngokumelene nemithetho yendawo yaseMexico. Ngale ndlela wabizwa ngesitha somphakathi saseMexico, exwayisa ngokuthi akekho okufanele amsize abuyele kuleli.
Lesi simo u-Agustín de Iturbide wayengasazi, ngakho wabuyela endaweni yaseMexico ngo-July 19, 1824, ngenhloso yokubonisa uhulumeni ukuthi ufuna ukuhlela icebo ukuze aphinde anqobe inhlabathi yama-Aztec.
Kungalesi sizathu lapho efika echwebeni laseTamaulipas, waboshwa, ukuze ekugcineni abulawe.
Kusele
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, ngo-1838, kwanqunywa ukuthi kususwe izinsalela zakhe eTamaulipas ziyiswe eMexico City, ngenhloso yokumhlonipha eSontweni laseSan Felipe de Jesús, ikakhulukazi eKhathedrali leMetropolitan. . Kulapha lapho izinsalela zakhe manje zingabonakala khona ngaphakathi kombhobho owenziwe ngengilazi.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama layo lihlobene ngokuqondile nefulegi lendawo yaseMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-Iturbide nayo ibiyingxenye yezinhlamvu zamagama okuqala e-National Anthem yaseMexico, isikhathi eside. Nokho, lokhu kwaqedwa ngo-1943.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi naphezu kwemibono yakhe ephikisanayo, i-saber ayisebenzisa emcimbini we-Trigarante Army ingaphakathi kwehholo leCongress. Ukuhlonipha kanye negama lakhe kanye nelabashokobezi ukuthi u-Iturbide wayenenhloso yokulwa.
Ukuzimela
Ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, wayengumlingiswa obalulekile, owayeyingxenye yokuzimela kweMexico. Kungalesi sizathu kwaxoxwa ngezigaba ezimholele ekutheni abambe iqhaza kule nqubo eyaholela ekutheni indawo yaseMexico ikhululeke.
Umlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide wezingane
La Umlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide wezingane, usitshela ukuthi le ndoda yayingumlingiswa obalulekile emlandweni waseMexico, yathuthuka njengesosha futhi ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwayo yachithwa ezicini zezombangazwe zesizwe sayo. Ungakhohlwa ukuzazisa ngezihloko ezifana Biography of Guadalupe Victoria
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, wagqama ngokuba nguye owayala amabutho e-Trigarante Army, lapho akwazi khona ukuthola inkululeko ephelele nokuzimela ezandleni zaseSpain zensimu yama-Aztec. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igqamisa intuthuko yakhe kwezombangazwe njengombusi wokuqala owabusa iMexico.
Umlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide ubonisa ukuthi lo mlingiswa obaluleke kakhulu wazalelwa eValladolid ngo-1783. Ngokulandelayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yena ngokwakhe wafela ePadilla endaweni yaseTamaulipas ngo-1824.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi wayeyindodana yobaba ovela kwamanye amazwe ovela eBasque, owayenokhokho besizukulwane esihle. Futhi, umama wakhe wayeyintokazi enhle enemvelaphi yaseMichoacan.
Ukuthuthukiswa kumlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide
Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, unquma ukujoyina amasosha asebenza edolobheni lapho azalelwa futhi wakhulela khona. Ngemva kwalokho, uqhubeka nokushada no-Ana María de Huarte eneminyaka engu-22.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngenxa yesimo sakhe sezempi, ngaphambi kokugqugquzela izenzo zokuzimela, wasebenza ngaphansi komyalo wabaholi bomdabu waseSpain. Kukule ndawo lapho ethola khona ukubaluleka anakho njengoba iminyaka yakhe njengesosha idlula. Uyakwazi ukunqoba izihlubuki eziningi okuholela ekutheni agqame phakathi kwabanye.
Ngo-1813 uViceroy Félix María Calleja, ngomsebenzi wakhe omuhle, unquma ukumqoka u-colonel, okwaholela ekubeni abe nobuholi bamasosha aseCelaya. Ngemva kwezenzo zakhe ezinhle esikhundleni, unikezwa amandla okulawula ngokugcwele eGuanajuato, eba ngenye yezindawo ezibuswa kakhulu izenzo zokuhlubuka.
Umlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubonisa ukunqoba okuhlobene nezinhlelo zomlingiswa ezihleliwe ngokumelene namavukela-mbuso. Ngokulandelayo, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi le ndoda yagxekwa kakhulu ngokuphatha izakhamuzi ngokudla okuncane.
Kuze kwalandiswa nasembhalweni wokuphila kuka-Agustín de Iturbide ukuthi le ndoda yafika izobopha amakhosikazi, omama nezingane zalabo okuthiwa amavukela-mbuso. Konke lokhu ngenhloso yokukhohlisa abavukeli.
Kuthiwa unxuse ukuthi kugwetshwe njalo, kwenziwe kulabo akholwa wukuthi kubafanele ngesenzo sabo phambi kukahulumeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kwezici ezinhle, wayesekela amasosha akhe ngezikhathi lapho ayengatholi khona izinzuzo zezomnotho.
Wavusa isithakazelo sezokuvikela efuna inkululeko futhi wayenesithakazelo emfundweni yamasosha akhe.
Iminyaka yokuqala njengebutho lasebukhosini
Abazali bakhe kwakunguJosé Joaquín de Iturbide y Arregui noMaría Josefa de Aramburú y Carrillo de Figueroa. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi i-Aramburú ivela e-Oyarzun Guipúzcoa eSpain.
Eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala u-Agustín de Iturbide wayeyingxenye yeSeminari yaseTridentine, ngenhloso yokutadisha uhlelo lolimi lwesiLatini. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi wasiyeka isikole lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Konke lokhu, ngenhloso yokusebenza ngaphakathi kokuphathwa kwepulazi likayise.
Ngo-1800, unquma ukujoyina inkonzo yezempi, ekhonza njengommeli webutho lesifundazwe elakha i-Valladolid. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi lokhu kwaqondiswa yi-Count of Rul.
Ngokufanayo, u-Iturbide washada no-Ana María Josefa Huarte y Muñiz ngo-February 27, 1805. Le ntombazane yayiyindodakazi ka-Isidro Huarte, naye owayenemvelaphi ye-peninsular Spanish. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, umkhwe wakhe uthuthuke njengeMeya yesifunda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Ana María wayengumzukulu we-Marquis yase-Altamira. Zonke lezi zici zomndeni zamholela ekubeni abe nelobolo elihle athenga ngalo ipulazi i-Apeo eMaravatío.
inkinga yezombangazwe
Ngenkathi inkinga yezombangazwe yango-1808 isenzeka endaweni yaseMexico, u-Agustín de Iturbide wathonywa umbutho wokuketula umbuso owawuholwa nguGabriel de Yermo.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho ngo-1809 enquma ukuba yingxenye yokucindezelwa kwe-conspiracy of Valladolid. Le nhlangano iholwa nguJosé Mariano Michelena noJosé María García Obeso.
Ngo-Okthoba 1810, ngesikhathi kwenziwa ukulawulwa kweValladolid, u-Iturbide wanquma ukuthi angabi yingxenye yesenzo sokuvukela ukuzimela esasiholwa nguMiguel Hidalgo y Costilla, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayethenjiswe isikhundla sokuba uLieutenant General. . .
Ngenxa yokunqoba amavukela-mbuso ayelokhu ethuthuke kakhulu, u-Agustín de Iturbide wanquma ukuthuthela eDolobheni laseMexico. Ngemva kwalokho, unquma ukuba yingxenye yempi yaseMonte de las Cruces, lapho ayeholwa khona nguTorcuato Trujillo.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngenxa yokusebenza kwakhe empini yaseMonte de las Cruces, u-Iturbide uklonyeliswe nguViceroy Francisco Xavier Venegas. Ngemva kwalokhu, unikezwa isihloko sokuba ukaputeni wenkampani ye-Huichapan yebutho laseToluca.
Izenzo ezingaphansi kwaleli cala zagqama ukuqeda ukuvukela umbuso okuningana okuvuna ukulwela inkululeko yaseMexico, ngisho okunye ngaphambi kokuthela izithelo. Ngo-1811, unikezwa umyalo wokuya eningizimu yenhlabathi yaseMexico.
Konke ngenhloso yokulwa nabashokobezi benkululeko eholwa ngu-Albino García Ramos, okwathi ngemva kwalokhu wakwazi ukubamba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulwa noRamón López Rayón, amhlulile eSalvatierra Bridge.
Izenzo zakhe ziholele ekutheni athole izincwadi zikaColonel. Yini eyamgqugquzela ukuthi aqhubeke nokulwa nezinhlangano ezilwela inkululeko, ngaphansi kwesikhundla somkhuzi-jikelele, endaweni yaseGuanajuato.
ukunqoba nokunqotshwa
Kwakungonyaka we-1815 lapho u-Agustín de Iturbide ekwazile ukunqoba uJosé María Morelos. Nokho, ngemva kwalokho wahlulwa u-Ignacio López Rayón. Ngokufanayo, ukunqoba okwatholwa kwamvumela ukuba abe nesiqu sokholoneli.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umpristi waseGuanajuato, owayebizwa ngokuthi u-Antonio Labarrieta, unquma ukusola u-Agustín ngokucekela phansi futhi yena elawula ukuhweba okwenzeka endaweni. Selokhu athatha izintambo zokudayisa uboya, ushukela, ugwayi namafutha.
Lesi sikhalo saholela kwabanye, okwathi kamuva kwaletha uViceroy Félix María Calleja ukuba amsuse esikhundleni ngo-1816. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, waqhubeka nokumbeka icala lokukhwabanisa futhi naye wasebenzisa kabi igunya.
Wonke la macala axolelwe ngokungenelela kwenkosi, kodwa wehluleka ukubuyela kumyalo waseGuanajuato. Okwamyisa eMichoacán. Nokho, akahlalanga isikhathi eside, ngoba ngonyaka olandelayo wayeseseDolobheni laseMexico, indawo ayehlala kuyo ethunzini isikhathi esithile.
Ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, ngesikhathi ehlulwa empini yaseCóporo, waqhubeka ezilela ukunqotshwa kwakhe noKaputeni uVicente Filisola, njengoba amasosha amaningi ayefile.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-Iturbide ibonise ukuthi ukuzimela kwendawo kungafinyelelwa ngamasu anolaka kakhulu. Njengoba kwakunjalo ngesivumelwano phakathi kwamavukela-mbuso namasosha enkosi yaseSpain. Nokho, ngenxa yezingxabano ezenziwa abanye, kwadingeka ukuba kuqedwe abaholi balezo zihlubuki.
Uzungu
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunqoba okuholwa nguRafael de Riego eSpain ngonyaka we-1820, kwavumela izici zesistimu entsha ukuthi zenziwe eSpain. Phakathi kwamaphuzu avelele, ama-Conservatives abefuna indlela yokuvimbela izinyathelo ezinqala ukuthi zenziwe. Isimo esidale ukuthi imikhankaso iqalwe ngamasekela eCortes yenhloko-dolobha yaseSpain.
Ngokulandelayo, amaqembu enkululeko afuna indlela yokuvuselela izici zomthethosisekelo wenkululeko owenzelwe i-1812 eSpain. Konke lokhu ngenhloso yokulawula ubukhosi.
Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni ama-Conservatives ayeyingxenye yezikhulu eziphakeme futhi abefundisi baqale ukuba nemihlangano eSan Felipe Neri Oratory. Zonke zifuna ukuthuthukisa izimo ezingase zibahluphe. Kungalesi sizathu abaningi babiza imihlangano ngokuthi itulo labaProfethi.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lolu zungu lwaluholwa nguMatías de Monteagudo futhi phakathi kwabalingiswa ababambe iqhaza kulo kwakukhona abahlanganyeli ekuvukeleni umbuso okwenziwa eMexico ngemva kwenhlekelele yezombangazwe endaweni.
Ziningi izinhlelo ebeziyingxenye yemicimbi eyenziwa eSpain. Zonke lezi zenzo zavumela ukuzimela kweNew Spain ukuba kutholakale. Ukuze kwakhiwe ubukhosi obuzolawulwa umlingiswa waseSpain.
Le nqubo idinga indoda ebalulekile yezempi eyayinemibono egxile ngokuphelele ekulondolozeni. Lokhu kwavumela uViceroy Juan Ruiz de Apodaca ukuba akhethe i-Iturbide njengoMkhuzi Jikelele oqondise eningizimu yendawo.
Iturbide nomsebenzi wakhe
NgoNovemba 9, 1829, i-viceroy yacela u-Iturbide ukuthi athathe isikhundla sikaGabriel Armijo. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-November 13 walowo nyaka ofanayo, isikhundla somkhuzi sanikezwa ngokusemthethweni.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho elibangise eningizimu, wasishiya eceleni isikhundla somkhuzi. Lokhu, ngenhloso yokuba u-brigadier nokuba yingxenye yebutho le-Celaya futhi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaLiberals ayefuna uJuan Gómez Navarrete, owayesebenza njengesekela eCortes, ukuba aqondise Uhlelo Lokuzimela enhloko-dolobha yaseSpain.
Le nqubo yayifuna ukuthi noma ubani oqondise indawo yaseMexico abe yilungu lomndeni wasebukhosini waseSpain. Nakuba lesi simo siphakama, u-Iturbide kwadingeka alibangise eningizimu namasosha ayewaphethe. Konke lokhu ngenhloso yokulwa noGeneral Vicente Guerrero.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi uVicente Guerrero usebenze njengomholi ozimele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Iturbide wayefuna ukukholisa uGuerrero, ngenhloso yokuthi aye ohlangothini lwakhe futhi ngaleyo ndlela akwazi ukwenza icebo elingcono ngokumelene nesitha.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukubuyisana bekunentshisekelo enhle kulabo abathuthuke ngezici zenkululeko, nalabo abenza njengabagcini bemithetho.
Umkhankaso ngokumelene no-Guerrero no-Ascencio
Ubuholi Jikelele baseNingizimu, bugxile ezindaweni kusukela e-Taxco, e-Iguala, kuya ogwini loLwandlekazi i-Pacific. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ibutho lemibono engokoqobo lalinokulawula indawo esenyakatho. Lokhu kwasatshalaliswa kusukela eZacualpan, Cuernavaca naseCuautla.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi indawo esentshonalanga yayiqondiswa uColonel Ráfols futhi indawo esempumalanga yayingaphansi kobuholi bukaLieutenant Colonel Miota. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, owayelawula indawo yoMfula iMezcala waze wayongena olwandle, kwakunguJuan Isidro Brown.
Ibutho lonke laliholwa ngu-Armijo, owayevela e-Acapulco, eTixtla, eChilapa naseTeloloapan. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uPedro Ascencio wathuthukiswa e-Ajuchitlán nasezintabeni zaseCoronilla.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ibutho elaliholwa nguFrancisco Quintanilla laligxile eGuerrero, lazwakalisa ithemba elincane mayelana nalokhu lamasekela ayehambele kule nhlonhlo, laphinde lagcizelela ukuthi isiqubulo senhloso yabo kwakuwukuzimela kanye nenkululeko. Uveze ukuthi akasatshiswa ngamasosha futhi konke okungahlangene nokuzimela kuzophikiswana enkundleni yempi.
NgoJanuwari 25 walowo nyaka, uPedro Ascencio wanquma ukuqeda amasosha ayeholwa uColonel Ráfols. Lokhu kwenziwa endaweni yaseTotomaloya. Lesi simo sabangela ukuthi amabutho emibono engokoqobo aye ngaseSultepec.
Ezinsukwini kamuva, uFrancisco Antonio Berbejo, owayengowasebukhosini, wathatha izintambo zokulwa namavukela-mbuso. Lokhu kwenziwa endaweni eseduze nendawo ezungezile yaseChichihualco.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi umphumela walesi simo wagcina ngokuthi kube nezingozi zokubulawa kwamakhosi. Lokhu kudale ukuthi amasosha asele athathe isinqumo sokubalekela kumasipala waseTeloloapan.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, u-Iturbide unquma ukuhlangana noQuintanilla ngenhloso yokumnika amaqhinga akha i-Plan of Iguala. Lokhu kwavumela u-Quintanilla, kanye nabanye okaputeni abanjengoManuel Díaz de Lamadrid noJosé María González, ukuba basekele u-Agustín de Iturbide esu lakhe.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi u-Epitacio Sánchez, owayehola amabutho agibela amahhashi iFrontera, wahlanganyela ngemibono engokoqobo. Konke lokhu kwaba nomphumela wokuthi ngoDisemba 21 walowo nyaka kwase kunamadoda ayizi-2500 XNUMX emabuthweni asebukhosini.
imizimba engokoqobo
NgoDisemba 22, ngokuqondiswa kukaColonel Carlos Moya, ibutho lamadoda acishe abe ngamakhulu amane, linomsebenzi wokuvimba iqembu eliholwa nguVicente Guerrero, ngenhloso yokuthatha izindawo zaseSierra de Jaliaca. Funda okwengeziwe mayelana izindatshana ezifana Izingane amaqhawe
Naye, uJosé Antonio de Echávarri wasebenzisa amasu ayezomholela ekulawuleni amabutho amavukelambuso kaPedro Ascencio. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqembu amabili asebenza ngaphakathi kweFort of San Diego, ngenhloso yokuqeda ukuxhumana okwakukhona phakathi kwamaqembu amavukela-mbuso.
KwakunguPedro Ascencio owakwazi ukunqoba iqembu elaliholwa u-Agustín de Iturbide endaweni eseduze kwaseTlatlaya ngo-December 28, 1820. Phakathi kwamasosha awile anemibono engokoqobo kwakunoJosé María González.
Ngenxa yokusekelwa uQuintanilla, i-Iturbide ikwazile ukuhoxa eTeololapan, konke ukuze inikeze usizo emasosheni. Ngemva kwalokho, i-viceroy inquma ukuthumela ama-pesos angu-35000. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbhishobhi waseGuadalajara uJuan Ruiz de Cabañas uyaqhubeka nokuthumela ama-pesos angama-25000.
Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu zezenzo ezathathwa, ngoJanuwari 2, 1821, uGuerrero wakwazi ukunqoba amadoda angamakhulu amane ayengaphansi kokuqondisa kukaCarlos Moya. Lokhu kwenziwa empini yaseZapotepec, endaweni eseduze neChilpancingo.
Ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, zonke izenzakalo ezavela zaholela ekuqondeni ukuthi amavukela-mbuso ayenamandla, njengoba ayeyazi kangcono kakhulu indawo okwakwenzeka kuyo lezi zingxabano.
Yingakho enquma ukwenza uhlelo oludluliselwa ngokushesha kuVicente Guerrero ngencwadi efika ngoJanuwari 10, lapho egqamisa khona inhloso yokuba nomfelandawonye wesikhashana.
amavukelambuso
Encwadini eyathunyelwa uGuerrero Iturbide, wayefuna ukumtshela ukuthi amavukela-mbuso uJosé Sixto Verduzco, uNicolás Bravo no-Ignacio López Rayón base bekhululekile ngokuphelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhomba ukuthi amasekela aseNew Spain anqume ukuya eSpain ngenhloso yokwazisa iCongress of the Peninsula ukuthi afuna omunye wamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo ahole iNew Spain.
Ngendlela efanayo, waveza ukuthi wayenamandla adingekayo ukuze amnqobe futhi angathunyelwa amadoda nezikhali ezengeziwe ukuze akhe amabutho. Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni uGuerrero athathe isiphakamiso se-Iturbide ngokuqapha okukhulu. Yingakho enquma ukuphendula ngoJanuwari 20, egqamisa izici ezithile zenkululeko.
Uzwakalise ukungaboni ngaso linye mayelana nezinqumo ezithathwe amasekela aseMelika eCortes of Cádiz, kanye nezenzo zikaViceroy Francisco Xavier Venegas ngabashokobezi.
Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sibonelo, u-Guerrero ufuna ukugqamisa ukuthi akakholelwa ezenzweni ezithathwe amasekela. Lokhu kwagqamisa ukuthi umgomo wakhe wawugxile kakhulu ekuzibuseni nasenkululekweni.
Ngendlela efanayo, wabonisa ukuthi ibutho elikhulu lezempi ngeke liqede izinhloso zakhe. Ngakho-ke, yonke into eyayingekho endleleni yokuzimela yayiyisa enkundleni yempi, ngoba yayizozama ukuyiqeda.
ukuhlasela kwamasosha
NgoJanuwari 25, 1821, uPedro Ascencio waqhubeka nokuhlasela amasosha ayeholwa uColonel Ráfols endaweni yaseTotomaloya. Lesi simo siholele ekutheni ama-royalists asabalale aze afike eSultepec.
Kwakuyikholoneli yemibono engokoqobo uFrancisco Antonio Berdejo, onquma ukuhlasela amavukela-mbuso endaweni yaseChichihualco. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi babecishe babe ngamashumi amahlanu abalimala, amasosha anquma ukuhoxa.
Ukwamukelwa kwe-Acatempan
NgoFebhuwari 4, u-Agustín de Iturbide unquma ukubhala incwadi eya kuGuerrero futhi. Kuyo, uphakamisa ukuthi bahlangane endaweni yaseChilpancingo, ngenhloso yokwenza isivumelwano sokuthula, esikhuthaza inhlalakahle yabantu baseMexico.
Owayemele i-Iturbide ngenkathi ithumela incwadi kwakungu-Antonio Mier y Villagómez. Umbuthano ububanjelwe endaweni yase-Acatempan. Bobabili uGuerrero no-Iturbide babonakale namasosha. Nokho, ukusebenzisa amandla kwakungadingeki, ngoba bobabili baziveza ngomoya ophansi futhi baze bagonane ngenjongo yokuvala ukuthula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngokusho kwamarekhodi ku-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uJosé Figueroa nguye owayemele abavukeli. Kungenxa yalo mhlangano lapho uGuerrero enquma ukubeka amasosha akhe endaweni ye-Iturbide.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Manuel Díaz wayenomsebenzi wokuhlangana noPedro Celestino Negrete, ngenhloso yokuthola ukusekelwa kwakhe ngaphakathi kwendawo ayeyiphethe. Ngokufanayo, uFrancisco Quintanilla waya eValladolid naseGuanajuato, ngenhloso yokuhlangana noQuintanar, u-Anastasio Bustamante kanye noLuis Cortázar befuna ukubambisana.
Ngemva kwazo zonke lezi zenzakalo, u-Agustín de Iturbide unquma ukuhlangana noMiguel Torres eSultepec. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasekela e-Veracruz anquma ukuthuthela kuCongress yaseSpain, njengoba ezwa ngezinhlelo ayefuna ukuhlelwa yi-Iturbide nabalingani bakhe. Lesi simo sadala ukungakhululeki nokungathembani.
Uhlelo lwe-Iguala
Ngo-February 24, 1821, i-Plan yase-Iguala yaqala. Lokhu kuhlelwe njengohlelo lwepolitiki olwalunamaphuzu angamashumi amabili nane. Lapho izici ezihlobene nesiko lamaKhatholika zagqama, kanye nezici zenkululeko.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumenyezelwa ukukhululwa kukahulumeni kweNew Spain. Lapho isakhiwo esisekelwe kuhulumeni wobukhosi sisungulwa ngaphansi kokulawula okuthile, ngokusekelwe kumthethosisekelo. Isihlalo sobukhosi sanikezwa uFernando VII waseSpain futhi noma enqaba, kungaba yilungu lomndeni wakhe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngalolu hlobo lukahulumeni, inhloso kwakuwukumisa inkolo yamaKatolika njengomkhuba oyinhloko nowukuphela komkhuba okufanele wenziwe ezweni. Okwaletha nokungabekezelelani nhlobo kwezinye izinhlobo zokukhulekela. Nokho, inkosi yayifiswa ukuba ibe namandla ngaphambi kwanoma yisiphi esinye isikhungo.
U-Agustín de Iturbide unquma ukuthumela incwadi ku-viceroy, lapho ayefuna ukugqamisa abalingisi ababalulekile ababethuthukisa umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwenhloko-dolobha yase-Mexico.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Iturbide ikhombisa ukuthi bekutulekile ukuba kube nomhlangano kaHulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, wagcizelela ukuthi akazange acabange ukuthi uFernando VII ufanelekele ngokwanele ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yakhe njengenkosi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wabonisa ukuthi uma inkosi noma omunye womndeni wayo wamukela isikhundla sikahulumeni, kufanele kube nomthethosisekelo olinganiselayo.
Zonke lezi zinhlelo ezihlongozwayo zamenyezelwa njengengxenye yazo ngenjongo yokuphinde kumiswe amandla okuphatha abefundisi. Lapho, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvelela kwakuyobuyiselwa, okwathi ngemva kwezinkinga eziqhubekayo zaphucwa amalungu eSonto LamaKatolika.
bamba icebo
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi ngokusho kwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, i-Trigarante Army kufanele isungulwe ohlelweni oluhlongozwa ngokusemthethweni, olugxile ezicini zenkolo, ukuzimela kanye nokuhlangana kwabantu baseMexico. Lokhu kwakunamadoda ajoyina izinhlu zamasosha e-Iturbide ngisho namavukela-mbuso.
Leli butho, kancane kancane, andisa amasosha, ngenxa yokuthi iningi labalingiswa abanemibono engokoqobo banqume ukuba yingxenye yalo. NgoMashi, u-Iturbide unquma ukuhlangana noCelaya, lapho kubanjelwa khona inqwaba futhi kwenziwa isifungo senkolo sokulalela ngokuphelele. Okubuye kuholele ekunyakazeni ukuzimela.
Zonke lezi zenzo zenze uViceroy Apodaca wakhipha incwadi lapho engazange avumele abantu ukuthi bafunde noma yiluphi uhlelo olwamenyezelwa umholi wamavukelambuso. Njengoba kwakunezinsolo zokuthi lezi zenzo ziphambene noMthethosisekelo owasungulwa ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kwalolu shicilelo.
Ngayo leyo nyanga, uMkhandlu Wedolobha LaseMexico, uqhubeka nokunyathelisa ukwaziswa okuhlobene nokwethembeka okufanele kube khona njengesakhamuzi salawo mazwe enkosini. Ukuba nenkolo njengenjini yalezi zenzo. Ukuhlonipha ngokulandela uMthethosisekelo osemthethweni owabunjwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalingiswa bemibono ye-absolutist, ababebambe iqhaza Kuzungu LwabaProfethi, babengavumelani kakhulu nezinhloso ezasungulwa oHlelweni lwe-Iguala.
Lokhu kudale ukuthi ama-absolutists athathe isinqumo sokujoyina izinhlelo ezenziwa nguhulumeni. Konke lokhu, ngenhloso yokuthi umsebenzi wabo uzonikeza izibalo zamandla ithuba lokuqeda izenzo u-Iturbide ayefuna ukuzenza.
ngaphandle kokuvikelwa
NgoMashi 14, isekela lanquma ukuthola ukuthi u-Agustín de Iturbide wayengaphandle kwenani elimmise njengovikelwe umthetho. Emva kwakho konke lokhu, ushwele watholwa, lapho bonke labo abazoba yingxenye yoHlelo lwe-Iguala bawa. Konke ukuze baqale kabusha ukwethembeka okufanele kube khona phambi koMthethosisekelo nenkosi.
Lezi zenzo zaholela ekwakhekeni kweButho Lezempi YaseNingizimu enhloko-dolobha yaseMexico, eyayinebutho labantu abayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Emsuka wayo yayiqondiswa uPascual de Liñán kanye noJavier de Gabriel.
Kamuva uJosé Gabriel de Armijo, uyena owasebenzisa isiqondiso soMkhuzi-Jikelele waseNingizimu. Ngokulandelayo, amabutho ajoyinwa ibutho elaliholwa nguFrancisco Hevia kanye nelika-Infante Carlos, owayeyingxenye yamabutho eNkosana. UJuan Ráfols namasosha akhe nabo babhaliswa kulolu hlelo.
I-Triguarante Army Campaign
Izakhi ezazichaza amasosha akhiwe ngemibono engokoqobo ayethembekile kusekela mphathi eyayisingathwa endaweni yaseNew Spain, ayengagculisi kulabo abakha i-Army of Three Guarantees.
Ngaphakathi kwensimu yeMixteca iSamaniego yayiphethwe, kuyilapho e-Oaxaca kwakukhona uManuel de Obeso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye yezindawo ezivelele zenhlabathi yaseMexico kwakuyiSan Luis Potosí, lapho uZarzosa ayenamabutho athembekile emyalweni wakhe.
Ngokufanayo, ePuebla nakwezinye izifundazwe zangaphakathi ezisempumalanga yezwe, ukulawulwa kwamasosha kwathathwa nguJoaquín Arredondo. Izifundazwe zasentshonalanga zaziphethwe ngu-Alejo García Conde.
Ngenkathi ezifundazweni ezifana noDurango, umfowabo ka-Alejo, u-Diego García Conde, walawula amasosha. Zonke lezi zinsika zokulawula bezifuna ukugcina ukuthula ezweni.
Ukuthumela izincwadi
NgoMashi 16 u-Agustín de Iturbide uyaqhubeka nokuthumela izincwadi ezimbili. Owokuqala wayenenhloso yokubonisa uFernando VII zonke izenzakalo ezenzeka endaweni, ngaphezu kokumcela ukuba athathe isihlalo sobukhosi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, uma esenqume ukwamukela isikhundla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, encwadini yesibili ye-Iturbide, wafuna ukwazisa iCortes yemvelaphi yaseSpain yezakhi ezithile. Phakathi kwezici ezibalulekile, i-Iturbide igqamise uzwela lwakhe oluncane ngo-Hidalgo. Kanye nokudelela abavukeli kanye nezenzo ezimenyezelwa yibo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wagcizelela ukuthi wayeyingxenye yebutho elihlelekile elinjongo yalo kwakuwukuvikela ukuzimela kwendawo yaseMexico yezinyo nezipikili. Ngendlela efanayo, wasongela amasekela, ngoba wayengeke avumele izenzo zokubhubhisa ezizoqeda izenzo zokuthula zaseMelika. Konke ngenhloso yokubeka eceleni ukulahlekelwa ukuphila okuqhubekayo.
Isimo esingesihle
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi ezinsukwini zokuqala, izimo u-Iturbide azithola ekuzo zazingezinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho. UFrancisco Rionda uphinde walawula e-Acapulco. Ngenkathi uVicente Marmolejo ephethe amasosha akhe eCuernavaca.
Ukuhlasela kokuqala kwenziwa nguMárquez Donayo owahola amabutho akhe eCuernavaca naseTemixco. Lesi senzo sabangela u-Agustín de Iturbide ukuba enze isinqumo sokuhoxisa amasosha akhe ngaseTeloloapan.
Ngokuvuna kwakhe u-Celso de Iruela, owayeyingxenye yebutho elenziwe u-Celaya, unquma ukuba yingxenye yoHlelo lwase-Iguala. Isimo esabangela u-Agustín de la Viña ukuba aphephele Enqabeni YaseSan Carlos, esabela ukuphila kwakhe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uJosé Joaquín de Herrera naye unquma ukujoyina iqembu elivuna i-Iturbide. Waletha kuye amadoda angamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili esandleni sakhe. Konke lokhu ngenhloso yokuhlasela ngaseTepeyehualco naseSan Juan de los Llanos.
abalingani abasha
NgoMashi 23, umpristi uJosé Rincón uyaqhubeka nokuya eJalapa. Isenzo sakhe siyathathwa, ngenhloso yokulawula i-plaza yase-Orizaba. Kule nsimu, umpristi uhlangana no-Antonio López de Santa Anna, ofuna uRincon angawufinyeleli umgomo wakhe. Nokho, ngemva kwemizamo ethile, ngo-March 29 umgomo wafinyelelwa.
Lesi simo saletha ukuthi u-Santa Anna anqume ukujoyina izici ezidinga ukucaciswa okulungile Kohlelo lwe-Iguala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uNicolás Bravo, owayeyingxenye yabavukeli, wayenqume ukwenqaba isicelo sokuqala esihlobene nohlelo lwe-Iturbide.
Lesi sinqumo sasingenxa yokuthi umhlukumezi akazange athembele ezenzweni ezazingafezwa u-Iturbide, ngoba izinhloso zakhe zaziphambene ngokuphelele nezakhe. Nokho, ngemva komhlangano no-Antonio de Mier y Villagómez, owayesebenza njengomphathi weposi e-Villa Salamanca, waba nombono ophambene ngalo mnyakazo. Umphumela walo mlingani omusha ulethe amadoda angamakhulu amahlanu engeziwe ebutho, ikakhulukazi e-Chilpancingo nase-Tixtla.
Inqubo yohlelo lwe-Iguala
Endaweni yase-El Bajío, u-Anastasio Bustamante kanye no-Luis Cortázar bazimisele ukwenza izenzo ezidingekayo ukuze basebenzise kahle Uhlelo lwe-Iguala. Lokhu kwabenza bathuthukela njengeqembu ezindaweni zaseSalvatierra, eCelaya naseGuanajuato.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi u-Anastasio Bustamante, ufuna ukususa amakhanda ka-Hidalgo, u-Allende, uJiménez no-Aldama, njengoba lawa aboniswe ku-Alhóndiga de Granaditas, ngendlela edabukisa kakhulu kusukela ngonyaka we-1811.
Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, uQuerétaro kanye namadragoni aseSierra Gorda, banquma ukujoyina amasosha. Yini ebaholela ekutheni bathuthukele kalula ngaseSalamanca, e-Irapuato, eLeón, eSilao naseSan Miguel el Grande. Kwaphumela ekwandeni kwamadoda angama-6000 XNUMX ebuthweni.
Ngenkathi lokhu kwenzeka, ekupheleni kuka-March u-Viceroy Apodaca wacela ukuthi amasosha ayebunjwa abeke eceleni uhlelo olwaluhlelwe ngu-Agustín de Iturbide. Ukunikela ngale ndlela intethelelo uma bephenduka ezenzweni zabo futhi bathembeke enkosini. Lesi senzo sasingenamsebenzi, njengoba izenzo ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uJuan Domínguez wajoyina uMiguel Barragánen e-Ario, efuna ukufeza imisebenzi edingekayo eyayizophumela ekuzimeleni kwale ndawo. Isimo esibakhuthaza ukuthi baye e-Pátzcuaro.
Ngokulandelayo, uVicente Filisola kanye noJian José Codallos nabo banquma ukusekela imizamo yenkululeko u-Iturbide afisa ukuyenza kanye nabalingani bakhe. Ngakho baqala usizo lwabo endaweni yaseTuzantla.
ukulawulwa kwezindawo
U-Agustín de Iturbide, uyaqhubeka nokuthuthela e-El Bajío. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, uyala u-Echávarri noGuerrero ukuthi baqhubeke nokuvikela indawo yaseningizimu yeMexico izinyo nezipikili. Konke lokhu, ngenhloso yokubuyisela ukulawula indawo yase-Acapulco.
Ngenkathi lokhu kwenzeka, uRamón López Rayón wanquma ukujoyina amasosha e-Iturbide. Yonke imicimbi iholela i-Iturbide ukuthi ihlangane no-Bustamante kanye no-Cortázar e-Acámbaro, befuna ukudweba izinhlelo ezintsha.
abangokoqobo
KwakunguPascual de Liñan, owakwazi ukugcina izithelo zomfelandawonye, wafinyelela ngempumelelo epulazini laseSan Antonio ngoMashi. Ekuqaleni kuka-April, uMárquez Donayo kanye noGabriel de Armijo balibangise ngempumelelo eZacualpan, ngenhloso yokuqeda izizinda zikaPedro Ascencio.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi amabutho asebukhosini awazange azuze ukunqoba ezintabeni zaseSultepec. Ngemva kwalokhu, ukuhlasela kwesibili kwenziwa, okwakuholwa nguFrancisco Salazar, kodwa futhi akazange afinyelele impumelelo oyifunayo.
U-Ignacio Inclán unquma ukuzimemezela uvuna ukunyakaza kwenkululeko, ngakho uyaqhubeka nokuhlasela abasebukhosini. Nokho, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi izenzo zakhe zaholela ekunqotshweni kwakhe. UJosé Joaquín de Herrera uphetha ngokubhekana nabasebukhosini eCiriaco del Llano, ngenkathi konke lokhu kwenzeka.
Lezi zenzo ziholele ekutheni ama-royalists amaningi azinikele futhi abe yingxenye yamasosha aholwa nguHerrera. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Hevia unquma ukushushisa uNicolás Bravo, ngoba nguye owayehola amasosha aseHuejotzingo.
Lesi simo saletha iqhinga labazimele, abakhohlisa ukuhlulwa kwabo ngenhloso yokuthi izitha zehlise ukuqapha futhi ngaleyo ndlela zikwazi ukuhlasela iPuebla. Iqhinga laphumelela.
Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, umhlubuki uGuadalupe Victoria unquma ukuhlangana noSanta Anna namabutho akhe, ngenhloso yokuveza i-manifesto, eqondiswe ngqo kulabo afunda nabo ekilasini.
Izimpi
U-Hevia unquma ukuthumela amadoda ayi-1400, ngenhloso yokuqeda ibutho lika-José Joaquín de Herrera. Lokhu kugqugquzele uNicolás Bravo ukuthi aye ngase-Tepeaca, ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngosekelo. Impi yathatha izinsuku ezintathu kanti izinhlangothi zombili zalimala abaningi. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni banqume ukushiya inkundla yempi.
Ngo-Ephreli, u-Antonio López de Santa Anna waqhubeka nokuthuthela e-Alvarado, ngenhloso yokuqeda amasosha ayeyalwe nguJuan Bautista Topete, ezuza ukunqoba ngamasu akhe. Ngesenzo somusa, uSanta Anna wavumela u-Bautista Topete namabutho akhe asele ukuba ahambe aye eVeracruz.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenkathi lokhu kwenzeka uHerrera washushiswa yisitha, kwakuyilesi simo esamphoqa ukuthi athuthele lapho uHevia ayekhona. Le mpi yaholela ekubulaweni kukaHevia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uBlas del Catillo noLuna bayaqhubeka nokuthatha indawo kaHevia. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kuphele kahle kuye, njengoba uFrancisco de Llave noJosé Velázquez bekwazi ukuqeda ukuhlasela kwakhe.
Yonke imisebenzi yezinga lezempi eyenziwa ama-realists, kwenzeka kuze kube yimpumelelo ngoMeyi 18. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngakusasa u-Santa Anna, ngokusekelwa yi-independencestas, uqhuma endaweni enqotshiwe ngamasosha angama-550. Nokho, uBlas del Catillo uyakwazi ukumelana nokuhlasela.
Ngemuva kwemicimbi, abasebukhosini bayaqhubeka nokucela isivumelwano. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbe ngalolo suku abaqala ngalo ukubahlasela ebusuku. Impi yaphela ekuseni kakhulu ngosuku olulandelayo, abaningi bawa nhlangothi zombili.
I-Triguarant Army
Inhloko yokuqala ye-Trigarante Army inquma ukuthuthela enhloko-dolobha yaseNueva Galicia, ngenhloso yokuhlangana noJosé de la Cruz. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, u-Agustín de Iturbide, kanye noBustamante, nabo bacela umhlangano, lapho uPedro Celestino Negrete ephakathi kwezibalo ezibalulekile.
UJosé de la Cruz, ngemva kwengxoxo ende, unquma ukuncoma ukuthi i-Viceroy yamukele Uhlelo lwe-Iguala. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukhombisa isekela lakhe ukuthi uma uhlelo lwamukelwe, amasosha azovikeleka ngokushesha.
Ngemva kokuthumela ulwazi, unquma ukuya enhloko-dolobha yaseMexico ngenhloso yokusabalalisa imibono ehlongozwe yi-Iturbide kanye nabalingani bakhe. Nokho, akazange azuze imiphumela emihle nge-viceroy.
Ngokulandelayo, inhloko ye-Trigarante Army, iyaqhubeka nokuqoqa amadoda akhe ngenhloso yokubhekisa amabombo ePlaza de Valladolid. Efuna ukwenza ukuhlasela okuqondiswe eQuintanar kanye namabutho akhe amadoda angama-1645.
Ngemva kwezenzakalo, ngokomlando we-Iturbide, waqhubeka wazisa uQuintanar ngezincwadi futhi, waphinde waya kuMkhandlu Wedolobha, mayelana nokulahlekelwa nokwanda kwabalandeli be-Plan de Iguala. Lokhu ekuqaleni kwaveza izici ezingezinhle kulabo ababezibheka njengabangokoqobo. Naphezu kwalokhu, abaningi bashiya ngesikhathi sokuhlasela, ngakho banquma ukujoyina uhlelo.
Phakathi kwabagqama kakhulu nguJuan José Andrade ojoyina iqembu elikhulu lamadragoni avela eNueva Galicia. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni kube neqhinga elidale ukuthi uQuintanar athathe isinqumo sokuzinikela, nokuholele ekutheni kungadubuleki nesisodwa isikhali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yamasosha inquma ukuhamba. Ngokufanayo, uJosé Andrade ufuna ukumela amabutho avimbezelayo. Konke lokhu kwavumela amasosha ukuba azungeze ngaphandle kwedolobha ngaphandle kobudlova. Ngakho ukuzuza ukunqoba.
Ukuhlaselwa kokuvukela umbuso okusha
U-José Antonio Magos unquma ukuba yingxenye ye-Plan de Iguala. Kungemva kwalokhu lapho uJosé María Novoa aqala khona ukuzama ukuqeda lo mkhawulo omusha, ngokumelene nohlelo lwe-Iturbide. Lesi simo siholele ekulimaleni okungaba ngu-60 ohlangothini lwama-independent, okuholele ekubalekeni kwabanye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uJuan Álvarez waqhubeka nokulawula i-Acapulco. Ngokufanayo, uMárquez Donayo uthola imiyalo evela kusekela, lapho emtshela khona ukuthi kufanele ahlangane noCristóbal Húber, njengoba kunguye olwa noPedro Ascencio.
Ngenkathi konke lokhu kwenzeka, endaweni yaseTetecala, ibutho lasebukhosini lazuza ukunqoba. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi uPedro Ascencio ngesikhathi esempini uyabulawa. Ikhanda lakhe laboniswa ngendlela yendondo phambi kwezakhamuzi zaseCuernavaca.
Lezi zenzakalo zadala injabulo phakathi kwezakhamuzi zenhloko-dolobha yaseMexico. Nokho, ngo-June, kwaqhubeka kuvela abahlubukayo ababefuna ukungena ezinhlwini zama-triguarantes.
Sonke lesi simo sidale ukuthi isekela lomphathi limemezele isimo esiphuthumayo. Lapho eyala khona ukuthi wonke amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engu-16 no-50 kufanele abhalisele ukulwa namavukela-mbuso.
NgoJuni 13, uPedro Celestino Negrete unquma ukujoyina ukunyakaza kokuzimela. Ngokufanayo, uJosé Antonio Andrade naye uyaqhubeka nokujoyina ukunyakaza okulandelwa yi-Iturbide kanye nabalingani bakhe abahlobene nensimu yaseMexico.
Lezi zenzo zenze abalingiswa abafana noJosé de la Cruz banqume ukushiya inhloko-dolobha yaseMexico, ngenxa yokwesaba imizamo yokuphila kwakhe. Iqonde endaweni yaseZacatecas.
KuseZacatecas lapho u-de la Cruz eba yingxenye yamasosha asebukhosini aholwa nguHermenegildo Revueltas. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkhandlu wabefundisi unquma ukujoyina Uhlelo lwase-Iguala, ngaleyo ndlela unikeze ukwesekwa kwawo okugcwele ku-Iturbide nabasekeli bakhe. Lokhu kwabangela ukuba umbhishobhi omkhulu enze imisa egameni lokunqoba okuzayo.
ibutho elixubile
Ibutho elixubile elalise-Zacatecas layalwa ngu-José María Borrego, naye owamemezela endaweni yenkundla ukubaluleka kokugcina Uhlelo lwase-Iguala luphila. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uJosé de la Cruz unquma ukuthuthela eDurango, efuna ukuhlinzeka ngokusekela.
Amadoda asele ayedinga uJosé de la Cruz afika endaweni yaseDurango ngoJulayi 4. Lokhu kwamukelwe kahle nguJuan Francisco Castañiza. Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi lo mlingisi akazange acabangele okuhle ngohlelo u-Iturbide obekumele alunikeze.
Ngokulandelayo, uNegrete unquma ukuya endaweni yase-Aguascalientes, njengoba ukuzimela kwase kumenyezelwe endaweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebukhosini ababeseSan Juan del Río banquma ukushiya futhi bazisholo ukuthi bangabalandeli be-Iturbide.
Lokhu kuholele ekutheni iNovoa ibe namadoda angama-400 kuphela ahambisana nezenzo ezithathwe yisekela. Ngemva kwalesi simo u-Agustín de Iturbide, unquma ukuya endaweni neqembu labaphelezeli. Bahlaselwe kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya, kwazise abahlaseli yibona abathole izingozi eziningi.
Ukuzivikela ngokumelene no-Agustín de Iturbide kwakuqondiswa u-Mariano Paredes. Kungemva kwalokhu lapho enquma khona ukumnika isihlangu sokuhlonipha izenzo zakhe ngesiqubulo esasibonisa ukuthi "amashumi amathathu ngokumelene namakhulu amane". Lokhu njengoba abaphelezeli be-Iturbida babengamashumi amathathu.
Ingxoxo
Ngemva kwazo zonke lezi zenzakalo, uGuadalupe Victoria unquma ukuhlangana no-Agustín de Iturbide, ngenhloso yokukhuluma ngezindaba eziphathelene nokuzimela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uLucas Alamán, owayengumvukela-mbuso, unquma ukuphakamisa ukugcwaliseka kukahulumeni we-republic lapho izenzo ezazenzeka endaweni zingabikwanga enkosini.
U-Alamán ubonisa ukuthi umlingiswa othile kwadingeka ashade nowesifazane wendabuko odabuka e-Guatemala ngenhloso yokuthi womabili amasiko ahlanganiswe futhi isizwe sethulwe njengento eyodwa. Owayenezici ezifanayo kakhulu nalokho okwakuceliwe kwakunguGuadalupe Victoria.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokukaVicente Rocafuerte, eGuadalupe Victoria, lapho ehlangana ne-Iturbide, waphawula okuthile okuhlobene ne-Plan of Iguala. Konke ngenhloso yokuhlela indlela yobukhosi enezici ezimaphakathi.
Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili ezintsha eziqhubekile nezinguquko oHlelweni lwe-Iguala, zithathwe ngendlela embi yi-Iturbide. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokuthi kwakukhona usizo phakathi kwalaba balingisi maqondana nokunyakaza kokuzimela, babengenakho ukwethembana kweqiniso phakathi kwabo.
inyunyana yamandla
U-Iturbide, ebona ukunyakaza okuhlobene nama-royalists ayengamthandi, unquma ukuthumela u-José Antonio de Echevárri, ngenhloso yokuqeda izinhlelo zabaphikisi.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngaphambi kwalo mzamo wezempi kukhona ukuhlanganiswa kwamasosha no-Arlegui de Chichimequillas, uGaspar López de San Miguel el Grande noJuan José Codallos.
Ngemva kwalezi zenzo, u-Echávarri unquma ukuqhuba inhlolokhono namaqiniso aphikisana nemibono yakhe, ukuze afeze izici ezivamile ezizobaholela ekubeni babelane ngokuthula.
Ngenkathi lesi simo siphakama, kwanezelwa amasosha amasha enhlangano ye-triguarantes. Laba bebeholwa ngu-Anastasio Bustamante noJuan Domínguez y Moctezuma. Izenzo zabo ziholele ekutheni babe namadoda acishe abe ngu-10000, ajutshwe eSan Luis de la Paz.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uLuaces unquma ukucasha isikhashana, efuna usizo ekulweni. Nokho, wehluleka ukuthola ukusekelwa, ngakho unquma ukuzinikela. Naye, u-Agustín de Iturbide waqhubeka nokuthethelela izintela ezazicelwe kubantu bomdabu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uVicente Filisola, elandela imiyalo, uqonda eValle de Toluca, ngenhloso yokubhubhisa inqaba eyasungulwa ngu-Ángel Díaz del Catillo, owayevele azi ukuthi uzofika maduze ezomhlasela.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho uDíaz eqhubekela phambili enhloko-dolobha yaseToluca, ngenhloso yokuqhubeka nempi. Kuholele ekufeni kwabantu abangama-300 ngenxa yemibono yobukhosi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadoda angu-15 abulawa ama-triguarantes.
Amandla angokoqobo nezinsongo
Ibutho elaliholwa ngu-Antonio López de Santa Anna laligcine amasosha ayeholwa u-Agustín de la Viña engasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, nguSamaniego owaqeda amandla abekwe nguSanta Anna. Okuholela ekutheni acashe namabutho akhe eLa Hoya.
Lo mcimbi uvumela u-José Joaquín de Herrara no-Santa Anna ukuthi baqhubeke nokuhlangana ngenhloso yokunquma ukuthi u-Herrera kanye namasosha akhe bazoya ePuebla, kuyilapho uSanta Anna efuna ukuthuthela eVeracruz, lapho ayengathatha khona ingxenye yezimpahla ze- amabutho asebukhosini.
Ngenkathi ngiya eVeracruz u-Santa Anna wayenempi etholakala e-Santa Bárbara. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwaba nempi noJosé Rincón namabutho akhe. Lokhu kube yinhlekelele njengoba ngemuva kwemvula kucekeleke phansi izikhali zamasosha.
Amadoda ka-García Dávila abangela ukulahlekelwa okuningi ngamasosha ka-Santa Anna. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni uSanta Anna abalekele eCórdoba, ngaphezu kwalokho, wasungula izakhi ezingeke zivumele abahlaseli ukuba bazijahe.
ukunqotshwa okungokoqobo
Ngenkathi izehlakalo ezandisa ukunqoba kwabalingiswa abavikela i-Plan of Iguala ziphakanyiswa, izindaba ezihlobene nokulimala okuqhubekayo kwabasebukhosini zafinyelela enhloko-dolobha yaseMexico, zabangela intukuthelo enkulu engxenyeni yabantu.
Konke lokhu kuphinde kuholele emhlanganweni lapho kuqokwa khona umuntu ozoba yinduna yaseNew Spain. Ukunquma ngemuva kwezingxoxo zikaJuan Ruiz de Apodaca. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uFrancisco Javier Llamas noBlas del Castillo y Luna bavalelwe inkululeko yabo ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Nakuba lokhu kuphakanyiswe amasosha azibiza ngoHlelo lwase-Iguala, anquma ukuhlangana futhi azungeze isigodlo se-viceregal. Kwakungamabutho kaLara, Llorente kanye noFrancisco Buceli aqhubeka engena endaweni. Yilapho ababone khona i-Apodaca emhlanganweni. Konke lokhu kwaletha ukuhlukaniswa okuyimpoqo.
Umkhankaso
Ngenkathi zonke lezi zenzakalo zenzeka, uNicolás Bravo wenza umkhankaso owaqhubeka endaweni yaseZacatlán. La mabutho aqinisekiswa ngamadoda ayizi-4000.
Inhloso yokwenza lo mkhankaso kwakuwukulawula ngokuphelele indawo yasePuebla. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi uCiriaco del Llano nguyena owavikela le ndawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi ngoJulayi ukuhlaselwa kwama-tri-guarantors kwafinyelelwa. Abalingisi abanyuse amasosha abo ngenxa ka-Joaquín de Herrera.
Phakathi kwezinto ezivelele ebezisenzeka, bekubanjwe izingxoxo ebezizoletha ukuthula. Naye, u-Epitacio Sánchez, owayenemibono engokoqobo, unquma namabutho akhe ukubhekisa amabombo ngaseMartín Texmelucan.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, lesi simo simenze wathatha isinqumo sokuyalela ukuthi kuqhubeke amasosha ayezofuna ukuthuthela lapho okwakukhona uQuintanar noBustamante, endaweni yenhloko-dolobha yaseMexico. inhloso yokuzungeza indawo encane kuya kwencane.
Ukunqoba kwe-Iturbide
Ngo-August, u-Agustín de Iturbide kanye nabasekeli bakhe bathola ukunqoba endaweni yasePuebla. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi eNew Spain, le ndawo yayibaluleke kakhulu ngemva kwenhloko-dolobha yaseMexico.
E-Puebla, uMbhishobhi u-Antonio Joaquín Pérez uthola i-Iturbide namasosha akhe ngendlela evumayo. Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi uBravo, uMier noHerrera abamukelwanga ngenjabulo efanayo neka-Agustín, njengoba cishe wonke umsebenzi owenziwe kwakuthiwa uyena.
U-Nicolás del Moral uthole umyalo ovela ku-Joaquín Arredondo wokuthi abophe umgcinimafa waseMonterrey. Nokho, u-Nicolás unquma ukungayilandeli imiyalo yenkosi yasebukhosini futhi uyaqhubeka nokuba yingxenye yoHlelo lwase-Iguala. Lezi zenzo zaholela u-Arredondo ukuba aqonde ukuthi kufanele azinikele emandleni okuzimela, okwamholela eHavana.
amavukelambuso
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, endaweni yase-Oaxaca, uJosé María Sánchez unquma ukuhlasela indawo yaseTehuacán. UPedro Miguel Monzón naye wenza okufanayo endaweni yaseTeotitlán.
Ngokufanayo, u-Antonio de León waqhubeka wenza ingxenye ye-Iguala Plan. Ngalesi sizathu unquma ukuya endaweni yaseHuajuapan. Kukule ndawo lapho azimisa khona ngombono wokuxhumana no-Antonio Aldao ngenhloso yokuthi uzojoyina inhlangano ye-Plan de Iguala.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngemva kwezimpi ezinde ngoJulayi 30, amaqembu e-triguarante kanye nama-Mixtecos akwazi ukuzimisa ngaphandle kwenkinga edolobheni lase-Oaxaca. Ngemva kwalezi zimo, ukuzimela kwatholakala ngemva kokumenyezelwa okwenziwa uNicolás Fernández del Campo.
Izivumelwano zaseCordoba
Ngenkathi u-Agustín de Iturbide esePuebla, izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe uMthethosisekelo omusha wezwe zasungulwa. Lapho ukumiswa kabusha okufanayo kwenziwa, abantu baseNew Spain banquma ukuvumela izimo uJuan Ruiz de Apodaca azithola ekuzo.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho u-O' Donojú athuthela khona endaweni yaseVeracruz. Lapho efuna ukusebenzisa izikhundla zakhe ngenxa yezenzo ezenziwa nguGarcía Dávila. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi u-O´ Donojú wayefuna ukumemezela izici zenkululeko ngendlela enembe kakhulu ngaphambi kwendawo.
Konke lokhu kwaholela ekubeni aziswe ukuthi insimu yaseMexico ikhululiwe ebukhosini baseSpain ngaphandle kwezindawo ezifana nenhloko-dolobha yaseMexico, iDurango, iChihuahua, iVeracruz, iSan Carlos de Perote ne-Acapulco.
Uphinde wacela ukuthi abantu bamukele imibandela yakhe yokulawula esekelwe ezinqumweni zeCortes. Ngenhloso yokusungula ukunyakaza kwezinqumo ezimisiwe.
Phezu kwalokhu, ugcizelele ukuthi uma abantu bengagculisekile ngendlela abusa ngayo, uzoqhubeka nokusula ukuze bathole ithuba lokukhetha umholi abamthandayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-O'Donojú unquma ukusungula izinhlelo ezizomvumela ukuthi aqukathe izenzo zakhe ezenziwa abasebukhosini. Yingakho eqhubeka nokuthumela izincwadi ezimbili eziqondiswe ku-Agustín de Iturbide, lapho egcizelela khona ukuthi uyasazi isimo esiqhubekayo ezindaweni ezizungezile. Lapho ngaphezu kwalokhu ekhombisa ukuthi ufisa ukuhlangana naye.
Ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nanye zale ncwadi, i-Iturbide iyaqhubeka nokuphendula kahle ku-O´ Donojú. Umhlangano wabe usuhlelwa eCórdoba, ngamunye enamadoda azomvikela.
Izinto ezibalulekile zeZivumelwano zaseCordoba
Ngo-August 24, 1821, u-O'Donojú no-Iturbide bakwazi ukuhlangana eCórdoba. Ngemva kokulalela isixuku, bayaqhubeka nokusungula izici zeZivumelwano zaseCórdoba. Phakathi kwezinto ezibalulekile ezigqamayo kulesi sivumelwano yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Indawo yaseMexico kufanele yaziswe njengezwe elizimele. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kugqanyiswa ukuthi isizwe sizoyeka ukubizwa ngeNew Spain, ukuze siqhubeke sibe uMbuso waseMexico.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivumelwano sigqamisa ukuthi uhlaka lukahulumeni loMbuso WaseMexico lusekelwe ezicini zobukhosi, nomthethosisekelo ongaphansi kwebutho elilinganiselwe.
- Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kuqokonyiswa ukuthi eMbusweni waseMexico, njengoba kusungulwe isihloko sesi-4 soHlelo luka-Iguala, uFernando VII, njengenkosi yamaKatolika, uzobizwa ukuba amise njengenkosi yokuqala, uma enqaba, aqhubeke nomfowabo uCarlos. Inketho yesithathu kungaba uFrancisco de Paula. Uma esula, wayezoba uCarlos Luis de Borbón Parma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlalifa izoba ngu-Etruria futhi kamuva uLucca.
- Imithetho yesivumelwano isekelwe ikakhulukazi ezicini ezihlobene ngokuqondile nohlelo lwe-Iguala. Lapho izici zobuhle ezihloselwe ukumela imibono evamile esetshenziswa iziphathimandla namandla emithetho yokuzimela zigqama.
- Ibhodi lizoqokwa ngegama Lebhodi Elawula Isikhashana, ngenhloso yokusungula imithethonqubo yayo esizweni esisathuthuka.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ibhodi Lesikhashana lizothola ithuba lokusebenzisa izenzo zalo zikahulumeni ngaphansi kwemithetho eshiwo umthethosisekelo. Okuphinde kugqugquzelwe yizenzo eziqukethwe ngqo oHlelweni lwe-Iguala kanye nasezinkantolo ezakha zonke izenzo ezihlanganisa indawo.
Ukungena kwe-Trigarante Army eya e-Mexico City: ukusayinwa kwesenzo sokuzimela
NgoSeptemba 15, 1821, enhloko-dolobha yaseMexico, i-Novella inquma ukumemezela ukubaluleka u-O'Donojú ayenakho phakathi nokunyakaza kukahulumeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Liñán imenyezelwa njenge-marshal yasensimini.
Ngokulandelayo, uRamón Gutiérrez del Mazo uba umuntu ophethe izici zezepolitiki. Ngokunjalo, labo abanemibono yokuzimela bayakhululwa ejele. Lesi sinqumo sibandakanya inkululeko yabezindaba. Ngokufanayo, ukudluliswa ukusuka kwelinye idolobha kuya kwelinye kuqala ukuba nenkululeko enkulu kunoma yiliphi ilungu labantu baseMexico.
Ngosuku olulandelayo endaweni yaseTacubaya, u-O'Donojú unquma ukushicilela phambi kwabantu bakhe umvuthwandaba wempi. Ngokulandelayo, ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, unquma ukumemezela uhlelo olusekelwe ezintweni ezigxile kubutho lamasosha atholakala endaweni yenhloko-dolobha. Konke lokhu ngenhloso yokubagqugquzela ukuthi bakhe izinhlaka ezintsha ezihlinzeka ngezidingo ezithile kubantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ucela izakhamuzi ukuthi egameni lamashwa enzeka empini, abawile bahlonishwe ngefulegi lenkululeko, okubuye kuzuze ukunqoba kwezwe.
Inhlonhlo yaseYucatan
Ngaleso sikhathi, insimu yeNhlonhlo yaseYucatan yayiholwa nguJuan María Echeverri. Lo mlingisi waphathwa ngaphansi kwezici zokwahlulela zeViceroyalty yaseNew Spain.
U-Echeverri ufunda ngezehlakalo lapho ukunyakaza kwenkululeko kuvela khona ngenyanga kaSepthemba. Ukugqamisa phakathi kwazo, lezo ezenziwe eTabasco. Kungemuva kwalesi simo lapho ethathe khona isinqumo sokuba nomhlangano namaphini omkhandlu wedolobha.
Izenzo ezenzekile zenze ukuthi u-Echeverri amemezele iNhlonhlo yaseYucatan njengendawo ezimele enhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe. UJuan Rivas Vértiz kanye noFrancisco Antonio Tarrazo, nabo, banomsebenzi wokuhlangana no-Iturbide no-O'Donojú, ngesisusa sokukhuluma ngalolu hlobo lwezinkinga.
Ngokulandelayo, ngokomlando wokuphila kuka-Agustín de Iturbide, indawo yaseChiapas, indawo eyingxenye kaCaptaincy General waseGuatemala, ibhekwa njengezwe elizimele.
Ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo, u-Juan Nepomuceno Batres unquma ukuba yingxenye ye-Plan de Iguala. Yini eyaletha izenzo ezibalulekile ezakhamuzini zesifunda saseChiapas, ezazwakalisa isithakazelo sazo sokuba ingxenye yesimiso esisha sikahulumeni waseMexico.
umhlangano wababusi
Ngenkathi imicimbi yenkululeko isenzeka, ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, u-O'Donojú kanye no-Iturbide, baba nemihlangano nezibalo zikahulumeni ezinjengoManuel de la Bárcena, uJosé Isidro Yáñez, kanye noMbhishobhi Antonio Joaquín Pérez.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, bathole ithuba lokuhlangana nabalingiswa ababeyingxenye yethimba lesifundazwe loMkhandlu Wedolobha waseMexico. Ngokufanayo, amanye amalungu ombuso wasebukhosini adlala indima yezombangazwe eNew Spain ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, nawo abeyingxenye yemihlangano yawo.
Ngemva kwazo zonke izenzo, u-Agustín de Iturbide uyaqhubeka nokukhetha ukuthi ubani ozoba izinhlamvu ezingamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili ezizosebenza ngaphakathi kweBhodi Likahulumeni Wesikhashana. Iningi labo lalinezici ezihlobene nesikhundla esihle senhlalo.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi akekho umlingiswa owavela njengomvukela umbuso owayeyingxenye yeBhodi Lesikhashana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bonke ngaphandle kuka-Anastasio Bustamante ababeyingxenye ye-Trigarantes bajoyina leli bhodi elisha.
Konke lokhu kwaletha ukwenqatshwa okuthile maqondana nokubamba iqhaza kwesistimu entsha yabalingiswa abafana noNicolás Bravo, Guadalupe Victoria, Vicente Guerrero, Andrés Quintana Roo, Ignacio López Rayón kanye noJosé Sixto Verduzco.
Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, kwaba nomhlangano owawugxile ekuqhakambiseni izici okufanele zithuthukiswe ngaphakathi kohlelo olusha lukahulumeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqembu labahambi linquma ukushiya idolobha eceleni.
ibutho elikhululayo
UJosé Joaquín de Herrera unquma ukuthatha inqaba yasehlathini laseChapultepec. Ngokulandelayo, uVicente Filisola uyaqhubeka nokuthumela amadoda ayizinkulungwane ezine endaweni yenhloko-dolobha yaseMexico. Ngale ndlela efanayo, u-O'Donojú wenza imikhosi ehlobene nokuthula nokuzimela kwendawo.
Ngokufanayo, ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uyaqhubeka nokushicilela isenzo esihlanganisa nokungena endaweni lapho i-Trigarante Army yayitholakala khona. Ngendlela efanayo, wagqamisa ukubaluleka ababenakho ekunqobeni abakuzuzile, njengoba nakuba babenezinsiza ezimbalwa bazuze ukunqoba.
Bese bethathwa njengabavikeli bezwe yi-Iturbide, ngemuva kwezenzo zabo ezinhle namasu okulwa. Ngalesi sizathu, siyaqhubeka nokuletha izici ezidingekayo zokududuza kwakho kumalungu akha i-Trigarante Army. Njengoba kunjalo ngezingubo nezicathulo.
I-Army Trigarante ne-Iturbide
Ngo-September 27, 1821, usuku okwagujwa ngalo usuku lokuzalwa luka-Iturbide, abakwaFilisola banquma ukushiya i-Chapultepec baya eTacuba, ngenhloso yokwenza umhlangano owawulindile.
Ekuseni kwalolu suku, owayehola amasosha e-Army of Trigarante, udlulela e-Paseo Nuevo, bese edlula e-Corpus Christi avenue futhi ekugcineni ame esigodlweni saseSan Francisco.
Ngemva kokufika kwakhe, uJosé Ignacio Ormaechea uyamamukela, ngenhloso yokumnika izihluthulelo eziholela edolobheni. Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni amasosha amemeze ngemuva kwezinyathelo zakhe ukuthi "Long live Iturbide kanye ne-Trigarante Army"
Phakathi kwabalingiswa ababeyingxenye yalesi senzo kwakukhona uDomingo Estanislao Luaces, Epitacio Sánchez, Nicolás Bravo, Pedro Celestino Negrete, Anastasio Bustamante, José Morán, Antonio López Santa Anna, Gaspar López, Vicente Guerrero, José Joaelaquín Manuel de Irrés U-Echeverri, uJuan José Zenón, uJosé Joaquín de Herrera, uMariano Laris, uFelipe de la Garza, uLuis Quintanar, uJosé Antonio Andrade, uVicente Filisola noMiguel Barragán.
Kuyafaneleka ukuveza ukuthi iningi lamadoda abumba leli butho, esikhathini esithile esidlule, athuthuke angamalungu ezimpi ze-viceroy. Nokho, ngemva kwezimo ezase zenzekile kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo nenhlonipho abasingatha ngayo imibono yabo, banquma ukuba yingxenye yoHlelo lwe-Iguala.
Ngokulandelayo, ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, kudingekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ambalwa kakhulu ayengamalungu ale nhlangano, esikhathini esidlule ayesebenza njengamavukela-mbuso eningizimu yezwe.
Okwamanje lapho umdlalo wokuhlonipha lokho okuphakanyisiwe uphela, u-O'Donojú kanye no-Iturbide baya eCathedral yaseMexico. Kukule ndawo lapho kuculwa khona i-Te Deum. Ngaleyo ndlela bebonisa ezifiki isimiso sabo esisha sikahulumeni nenkululeko.
Inqubo Yebhodi Elilawulayo Yesikhashana
Ngolunye usuku ngemva komcimbi womgubho, kubizwa Ibhodi Eliphethe Lesikhashana elisha. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi inamalungu ayekhethwe ngokukhethekile u-Agustín de Iturbide.
Laba ngokomlando wokuphila kuka-Agustín de Iturbide, babenobizo lwabo ngaphakathi kwegumbi lomhlangano elalisendaweni ebizwa ngokuthi Isigodlo Sobukhosi. Ngaphambi kokuqala ngezihloko ezizodingidwa, u-Iturbide wethule inkulumo lapho eqhakambise khona ukubaluleka kwaleli Bhodi Eliphethe.
Ngemva kwalezi zimemezelo, ngokomlando wokuphila kuka-Agustín de Iturbide, bathuthela eKhathedrali, ngenhloso yokubamba umcimbi wokufunga ngoHlelo lwase-Iguala kanye nalokho okwaxoxwa ngakho futhi kwasungulwa ngaphakathi kweSivumelwano sase-Córdoba.
Ekupheleni komkhosi, amalungu ebhodi anquma ukuqoka, ngokusho kwe-biography ka-Agustín de Iturbide, umholi njengomongameli wenhlangano, ngaphandle kwevoti eliphikisana nanoma yiliphi ilungu.
Bese kuba elinye imisa ngenhloso yokubungaza lokho okungaba semthethweni isimo senkululeko yesizwe. Ngokwalokho ekugcineni okuqhubeka nokusayina Umthetho Wokuzimela Kombuso WaseMexico.
Ibhodi Eliphethe Isikhashana
Ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, ibhodi elasungulwa nguye lalinegunya lamalungu amahlanu. Lapho izikhundla zamandla aphezulu zigqame, ziqondiswa u-Agustín de Iturbide, umongameli lapho kwasebenza khona u-O'Donojú, u-Manuel de la Bárcena, u-Isidro Yáñez kanye no-Manuel Velázquez de León.
Umlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide ubonisa ukuthi okwamanje lapho beqonda khona ukuthi ubumongameli ababili bungaphansi kwamandla abo, babhekwa njengezinto ezinzima ngaphakathi kohlelo. Ngalesi sizathu, i-Iturbide inquma ukuqoka uMbhishobhi Antonio Joaquín Pérez njengomongameli webhodi.
Konke lokhu kusiholela ekuqondeni indlela i-Executive Power eyaqala ngayo ukwakheka ngaphakathi kwezakhi zeRegency. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Amandla Omthetho, akhiwa ngokusebenzisa izinkambiso ezisungulwe yiBhodi Eliphethe.
Ngokulandelayo, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi Ibhodi Eliphethe licacisa ukuthi isikhulu sokuqala singase sibe nobudlelwano obuhambisana nenqubo yokuthuthukisa yenhloko yebutho. Kungemva kwalokhu lapho eqala khona ukuzibonakalisa ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide njengo-generarissimo wezikhali zasolwandle nomhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, u-Iturbide waqala ukuzuza ama-peso angu-120000 ngonyaka ngomsebenzi wakhe njengomongameli. Ngokulandelayo, wanikezwa indawo eTexas. Waqala nokubizwa ngoSerene Highness.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyise ka-Agustín de Iturbide, u-José de Iturbide uhlonishwe ngokuhlonishwa okuhambisana nokuba ngumphathi. Ngemuva komsebenzi wakhe njenge-regent, uzoba yingxenye yamakhansela oMbuso.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi u-Iturbide wanquma ukuyeka iholo lakhe ngoFebhuwari walowo nyaka futhi wanquma ngo-Okthoba ukunikela ngama-pesos angu-71000, ngenhloso yokucisha ubunzima obubonisa ukwakheka kwebutho lendawo yaseMexico.
Izenzo Zombuso
Ngenkathi zonke lezi zenzakalo zenzeka eDolobheni laseMexico, zaqala ngezinyathelo zokuqala zikahulumeni uMbuso omusha waseMexico owafika nazo. Lezi zenzo zaletha injabulo kwabakhileyo ezifundazweni zaleyo ndawo.
Kodwa-ke, abasebukhosini ababengavumelani nenhlangano yenkululeko eyayizuziwe, bahlala bengenathemba ekuhlulekeni kwalolu hlelo. Lezi bezikhoseliswe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwezindawo zase-Acapulco, ePerote naseVeracruz.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho u-Antonio López de Santa Anna eqhubeka khona nokwenza imisebenzi yezombusazwe eyazuza ukulawulwa okuphelele kwenqaba yasePerote ngo-Okthoba walowo nyaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Isidoro Montes de Oca wayala uJuan Álvarez ukuthi enze izenzo ezidingekayo ukuze athole ukulawula kwenqaba yaseSan Diego eyayise-Acapulco. Okufanayo kuphinde kwathathwa ngo-Okthoba.
Ngokulandelayo, eVeracruz, uJosé García Dávila unquma ukuqhubeka ngaphansi komyalo kahulumeni omdala. Njengeqhinga, i-Dávila inikeza ukulawula kwendawo ku-Santa Anna. Kodwa-ke, ngo-Okthoba 26, unquma ukukhoselisa namabutho akhe eSan Juan de Ulúa, enezikhali ezanele zokuhlasela.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi u-Dávila wayengumphikisi wokugcina waseSpain ukulwa nalokho okwasungulwa kuhulumeni omusha. Ngaphambi kokuba le nqubo yenzeke, u-Manuel Rincón, owayeqondisa indawo engaphakathi kweVeracruz, wanikela ngokuzinikela kwakhe emikhankasweni yokuzimela.
Ukufa DO'Donojú
Ngo-Okthoba 8, u-O'Donojú washona ngemva kokuhlushwa yi-pleurisy. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni isikhundla sakhe singabi nandlela, ngakho uMbhishobhi u-Antonio Joaquín Pérez uyaqhubeka nokuthatha indawo yakhe. Ukuhola ngale ndlela iBhodi Eliphethe.
Ngokulandelayo, lesi simo sibangela ukuthi u-Antonio Medina Manzo, uJosé Pérez Maldonado, uJosé Domínguez noJosé Manuel de Herrera baqokwe njengonobhala. Ngenhloso yokuthi izici ezihlobene nezinsiza zezezimali, usizo oludingekayo lwe-Iturbide kanye nobudlelwano bamazwe angaphandle nobasekhaya buzosingathwa kalula.
Ngendlela efanayo, ngokomlando ka-Agustín de Iturbide, uyaqhubeka nokubiza u-Anastasio Bustamante ukuthi abambe iqhaza lombusi ezifundazweni ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga.
Lo msebenzi wabekwa futhi kuPedro Celestino Negrete, owayezophatha iZacatecas, San Luis Potosí kanye neNueva Galicia. Ngenkathi uManuel de la Sotarriva ezoqondisa iValladolid, Querétaro neGuanajuato. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uVicente Guerrero uzobusa iTlapa, Chilapa, Ajuchitlán, Teposcolula, Jamiltepec, Tixtla kanye ne-Ometepec.
Imihlangano yabavukeli bangaphambili
NgoNovemba 1821, iqembu labavukeli bangaphambili banquma ukuhlangana ngenhloso yokudweba uhlelo oluzobavumela ukuba bakhe uhlobo olusha lukahulumeni olusekelwe ezicini zeRiphabhulikhi ngokuphelele.
Emihlanganweni eqhubekayo, ubuntu obunjengoMiguel Domínguez bazibonakalisa, okwakunguye owaboleka indlu yakhe njengendawo yokuhlangana eQuerétaro. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bamema amasosha afana noPedro Celestino Negrete kulezi zenzakalo, noma kunjalo, unquma ukungamukeli isikhundla futhi ubona izenzo njengezenzo zokuhlangana. Yini ebangela ngokomlando wokuphila kuka-Agustín de Iturbide ukuthi aziswe ngezenzo.
U-Iturbide unquma ukubopha abalingisi abafana no-Guadalupe Victoria, u-Nicolás Bravo, u-Juan Bautista Morales, u-Father Jiménez, u-Father Carvajal no-Migue, u-Barragán njengamambuka ezweni.
Izenzo ezisolwayo zokwakha uzungu empeleni beziwuchungechunge lwezingxoxo ezisekelwe kulokho uhulumeni angase akwenze, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathiwe.
Kungalesi sizathu ukuthi i-Iturbide ibanikeze ngokushesha inkululeko yabo futhi. Nokho, unquma ukugcina uGuadalupe Victoria eboshiwe, ngoba wayengambheki njengothembekile. Kodwa ngenxa yamathonya akhe le ndoda ikwazi ukweqa ejele.