Lapho kukhulunywa ngezinganekwane zamaGreki, kufika onkulunkulu abaningi namaqhawe ahlukahlukene. Yiqiniso, amanye aziwa kangcono kunabanye, ngokwengxenye futhi ngenxa yamabhayisikobho nochungechunge oluye lwaduma phakathi neminyaka edlule. Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma ngomunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu bangaleso sikhathi, kodwa abaziwa kakhulu namuhla: Hestia, unkulunkulukazi wamaGreki womlilo wasekhaya.
Ngeke sigcine ngokuchaza ukuthi ungubani, kodwa futhi sizokhuluma ngaye amandla eyayinawo kanye nezinsumansumane ezihlobene nayo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, kuwukufunda okuzuzisa kakhulu uma unesithakazelo kuzinganekwane zamaGreki, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokufaneleka uHestia ayenakho kubantu.
Ubani unkulunkulukazi wamaGreki uHestia?
Phakathi konkulunkulu base-Olympus, ikhaya lonkulunkulu bamaGreki, kunoHestia, unkulunkulukazi womlilo wasekhaya. Wayeyindodakazi kaCronus, i-titan eyinhloko yalesi siko noyise wonkulunkulu bamaGreki, noRhea, udadewabo we-titan nomkaCronus nomama wonkulunkulu bamaGreki. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ungomunye wonkulunkulu abakhulu bezinganekwane zamaGreki, Aliveli neze ezindabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wayengavamile ukugxambukela kakhulu ezingxabanweni zezinye izakhamuzi zase-Olympus, indawo lapho ayengakaze aphume khona njengommeleli omuhle wekhaya.
Okulingana ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma zikankulunkulukazi wamaGreki uHestia nguVesta, indodakazi kaSaturn no-Ops kanye nodadewabo ka I-Jupiter, unkulunkulu oyinhloko wamaRoma. Omunye unkulunkulu wamaRoma ahlobene kakhulu naye nguFornax, unkulunkulukazi wamahhavini neziko.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaGreki bakhe amathempeli amaningi eHestia. Phakathi kwezidume kakhulu yi-Olympia, i-Sparta ne-Athens. Ngisho nethempeli laseDelphi lalinikezelwe kunkulunkulukazi weziko, kodwa kamuva laba umnikelo Apollo, unkulunkulu welanga, umnsalo nobuciko.
Unkulunkulukazi uHestia unamaphi amandla?
Esinye sezizathu ezenza unkulunkulukazi wamaGreki uHestia agqame ukuthi nguye owasungula ukwakhiwa kwezindlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayetuswa amandla vikela imizwa yendabuko nesondelene kakhulu, okwakuxhomeke kukho kokubili ukuvumelana komkhaya nenjabulo yomshado. Leli khono lakhe lasakazekela nasezigodlweni, emathempelini nasezifundeni ezazithathwa njengekhaya. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uHestia waze waphakama waba umvikeli wendawo yonke ngokwayo. Ngale ndlela kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umlilo ongcwele wawunikeza ukuphila kukho konke okwakwaziwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngokuvamile, amanxusa akwamanye amazwe amukelwa emathempelini anikezelwe kulo nkulunkulukazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho amaqhawe eqala ukuthatha amanye amazwe futhi enze ikoloni, ama-altare amasha ayebasa ngomlilo kaHestia, owawuphathwa ngezimbaqa. Ngale ndlela, amaGreki afanekisela inyunyana nedolobha elikhulu. Uma kwenzeka lo mlilo ucishile, ubungeke uphinde ubhulwe kanjalo nje. Ukuze ukwenze, kwakubalulekile ukwenza isiko elingcwele. Eqinisweni, emasikweni amaRoma kwakukhona amaVestals. Babenomthwalo wemfanelo wokunakekela nokugcina lowo mlilo. Uma bengawenzanga ngendlela umsebenzi wabo, isijeziso abasithola sasinzima kakhulu.
Izinganekwane mayelana Hestia
Lapho sikhuluma ngonkulunkulukazi wamaGreki uHestia, sibhekisela kunkulunkulu omelela umlilo wekhaya, lowo onikeza imfudumalo nokuphila emindenini yabantu abafayo. Uyizibulo likaCronus noRhea. Yize edliwe nguyise esanda kuzalwa, ukwazile ukuba omunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu benkolo yamaGreki futhi kusukela kweyamaRoma, lapho bembiza ngokuthi uVesta.
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi bobabili u-Apollo, indodana kaZeus noLeto, futhi UPoseidon, unkulunkulu wezilwandle nomfowabo kaZeus, wayefuna ukuzuza uthando nothando lukaHestia. Nokho, wakhetha ukufunga kuZeus, unkulunkulu oyinhloko wonkulunkulu bamaGreki, lokho bengiyohlala ngiyintombi kuze kube phakade. Yile ndlela unkulunkulukazi womlilo wasekhaya athola ngayo izindawo ezivelele ezindlini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba isisulu sokuqala mayelana nemihlatshelo yasobala, njengoba ngenxa yesinqumo sakhe sokulahla bobabili abakhongi, wavimbela ingxabano enkulu phakathi kwabo.
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, uHestia, engunkulunkulukazi womkhaya nekhaya, ngokuvamile wayengayishiyi i-Olympus noma aphazamise ukuphila kwabanye abantu, kungaba onkulunkulu noma abantu abafayo nje. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu akavamile ukuvela ezindabeni zezinganekwane, ngisho nokuba omunye wonkulunkulukazi abakhulu bamaGreki. Empeleni, UHestia wayengowokuqala kubo bonke onkulunkulu, kuhlanganise noZeus, ukuthola iminikelo lapho kwenziwa amadili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuyinto evamile ukuhlabela amathole aneminyaka engaphansi konyaka ubudala, ngaleyo ndlela kubhekiselwa ebuntombini bukankulunkulukazi.
I-Priapus
U-Ovid, imbongi yaseRoma edume kakhulu, ulandisa isiqephu esifushane esingavamile ngoHestia noPriapus, unkulunkulu omncane omelela inzalo futhi ovame ukuhlotshaniswa nempilo yezolimo. Ngokusho kuka-Ovid, bobabili onkulunkulu baya emcimbini, okwathi ngemva kwalokho iningi lonkulunkulu lalala. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uPriapus azama khona ukudlwengula unkulunkulukazi womlilo wasekhaya.
Ngenhlanhla, imbongolo kaSilenus, umbusi nonkulunkulu wokudakwa, yakhala njengoba nje u-Priapus ayephaphukela e-Hestia. Waphaphama ezwa umsindo wesilwane umgilwa wabaleka ethukile. Siyabonga kulo mcimbi, izimbongolo zaba izilwane ezizithandayo zikankulunkulukazi wamaGreki kusuka emlilweni wasekhaya. Kangangoba emikhosini yabo bebehlobe ngemihlobiso ehlukahlukene eyenziwe ngezinkwa.
Awu, usuvele wazi omunye unkulunkulu waseGreece. UHestia, unkulunkulukazi wamaGreki womlilo wasekhaya, uvame ukukhohlwa ngandlela thize ngenxa yokuvela okumbalwa akwenzayo ezindabeni zezinganekwane. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, usengunkulunkulu oyinhloko kulelisiko elikhulu lenkolo.