Beck Cognitive Therapy Kuyini?

Kuso sonke isihloko sethu sizobe sikhuluma kancane mayelana Beck's cognitive therapy, eyasungulwa ukuze yelaphe ukucindezeleka okuvela ekucindezelekeni. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole okwengeziwe.

I-Beck's Cognitive Therapy Iyini?

I-Cognitive psychology igatsha lepsychology eliphathelene nezinqubo lapho umuntu azi ngendawo yakhe futhi abe nolwazi lomhlaba nemiphumela yawo.

Sazi kahle ukuthi ukwelashwa kwengqondo kuka-Aaron Beck kunzima ukukuqonda. Nokho, lapha sizozama ukuchaza yonke into ngendlela eqondakalayo. Kulesi sici, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sigxilisa imodeli yakhe ekuhluphekeni komuntu siqu ngokuhlaziywa okuthile kwamaqiniso, kodwa hhayi kulawa ngokwawo, ngakho-ke u-Beck weza ukukhombisa isithakazelo esikhulu sokuthi le ncazelo idlala kanjani indima ebalulekile. .

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abokuqala ukusebenzisa izisekelo zesayensi yengqondo ehlelekile ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwakungu-Albert Ellis no-Aaron Beck. Owokuqala wabiza imodeli yakhe yesicelo sokwelapha ngokuthi "Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy" (REBT) kuyilapho u-Beck ebiza indlela yakhe yokwelapha ngokuthi "Cognitive Therapy". Kuleli phuzu kufanele sicacise ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zokwelapha ngengqondo, kodwa lezi ezimbili ezaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo okuhle kakhulu.

Iyini I-Beck's Cognitive Therapy?

Ukwelapha ukudangala nezinye izinkinga, u-Beck uxoxa ngokuhlelwa kabusha kwengqondo. Kumayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli sinamandla okushintsha amamodeli esiwasebenzisayo ukuze atolike, ngenxa yalesi sizathu sifunda izimo esibhekana nazo kanye nokuhlola okuzimele kwamaqiniso. Njengoba ewazi amaqhinga isiguli esisebenza ngawo, ekwelapheni uyawasebenza ukuze alahlekelwe ukuqina.

Ngalokhu kwelashwa, umuntu uzibona ngeso lengqondo futhi athole amacebo okubuka umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile nangendlela enenzuzo enkulu empilweni yakhe.

Uma sibona umuntu onemicabango eyiphutha nephutha endleleni yakhe yokuhumusha okwenzeka osukwini lwakhe nosuku, yonke le micabango kanye nezincazelo umuntu azenzayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziyashintshashintsha, ekugcineni, zibe nezindlela ezijwayelekile nezishubile. umbono wabo ngalokho okwenzeka kubo nokuziphatha kwabo.

Singathatha njengesibonelo esihle kakhulu, leso salabo bantu abaphethwe ukucindezeleka, lezi zinhlobo zabantu zinemicabango emibi njalo ngabo futhi ngokuvamile zicabanga ukuthi ikusasa labo lizolethani, ngoba kubo liyohlala lingenathemba. Ukugxila kuphela emicabangweni yakho engalungile kuze kube seqophelweni lehaba futhi udelele izici ezinhle.

Kuyini?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwengqondo kwasungulwa kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze kwelaphe izinkinga ezihlobene nokucindezeleka, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi imiklamo yadalwa ngokusekelwe kumbono ofanayo owawusetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nokungakhululeki, ngokomzwelo, njengokukhathazeka.

Njengoba lokhu kwelashwa kubonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha kanye nemizwelo yomuntu kusekelwe endleleni yakhe yokubona umhlaba, kwanqunywa ukuthi imicabango umuntu anayo ihlobene ngokuqondile naleyo mizwa kanye nokuziphatha akubonisayo.

Imodeli yezengqondo ehlongozwa ngu-Beck ibonisa ukuthi abantu abaphenduli ngokuzenzakalelayo esimweni, kodwa kunalokho, ngaphambi kokukhipha impendulo engokomzwelo noma yokuziphatha, bayahlola, babone, bahumushe, bahlukanise futhi banikeze incazelo ku-stimulus ngokuphathelene nokucabangela kwabo kwangaphambili noma izinhlelo zengqondo. Amanye amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu achaza ukwelashwa kuka-Beck yilawa:

izinhlelo zengqondo

Lokhu kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni eziqukethe izindlela zokufaka ikhodi, ukugcina kanye nokubuyisa ulwazi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inkumbulo, ukubona, ukuhumusha, nokunaka, okusho ukuthi kukhombisa indlela obona ngayo into ethile nokuthi uyihumusha kanjani.

inhlangano yengqondo

Imodeli eyethulwa ngu-Aaron Beck ithola ukuthi umuntu unikeza impendulo ehunyushiwe nehloliwe esimweni esithile, ukuze singenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokho u-Beck akuvezayo ukuthi, ngemva kwengxenye enkulu yokuziphatha kwethu, kunesitayela esithile sokucubungula ulwazi, ngokusekelwe ezinhlelweni zethu zokuqonda ezithola ithonya elikhulu elisekelwe kulokhu kuziphatha.

imikhiqizo yengqondo

Ngalokhu, u-Beck ubhekisela kuleyo micabango evela ekusebenzelaneni nolwazi olunikezwa isimo esithile. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-schemas, inhlangano yengqondo ngokwayo kanye nezinkolelo ezicacile nazo ziyasebenzisana kuleli cala. Okusho ukuthi, indlela umuntu enza ngayo ngokusekelwe endleleni yakhe yokubona umhlaba nendlela ayiyo.

Izinkolelo

Ngokuka-Aaron Beck, amasu okuqonda ngokuyinhloko akhiwe izinkolelo. Kungashiwo ukuthi bayiziqondiso ezivumela umuntu ngamunye ukuthi abone umhlaba, enze umqondo wawo futhi akhe izakhiwo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe. Ezinye zihlala njalo, ziphelele, ziyizihlonzi, ziyinuzi futhi ziphelele; ezinye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyi-peripheral, kuleso simo zizofaka zonke lezo ezidalwe yizimo nesimo somzwelo somuntu ngesikhathi esithile.

I-Beck's Cognitive Triad

Kuleli phuzu, kuchazwe ngokucacile kusetshenziswa unxantathu ngoba yile ndlela iqiniso lokuthi imicabango ithonya imizwelo, imizwa inethonya ekuziphatheni futhi okuphambene ivezwa ngayo.

Okusho ukuthi kukhona ngempela ukuhambisana phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezi-3. Uma umuntu ebhekene nesimo esithile, i-schema siyisisekelo sokuguqula idatha iyenze ukuqonda. Abantu abanezinhlelo ezingezinhle noma abavame ukwenza amaphutha athile okucubungula bazoba sengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga zokucindezeleka; Njengoba u-Aaron Beck ebeka:

"iqukethe amaphethini amathathu ayinhloko engqondo aholela isiguli ukuba sizibheke, ikusasa laso, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwaso ngendlela engavamile"

Ukuchaza isibonelo, sinesiguli esibhekene nokukhathazeka futhi esiqala ngemicabango ethile njengokuthi: "Ngizobuya nenkinga yokukhathazeka", "Angikwazi ukunqoba lokhu", "Angisoze ngazizwa kahle". Ngalezi zinhlobo zemicabango, lapho zihlale ziziveza, zivusa ukusabela (umzwelo) okungaba ukudabuka nosizi, okuzogcina kuholela ekwenzeni ngokuhambisana nakho futhi kuqale ukuzwa ngokomzimba ukuhlaselwa ukwesaba (ukuziphatha).

Ngale ndlela, uma umuntu ejwayela iqiniso lokuthi uhlobo olufanayo lwemicabango, imizwa nokuziphatha kuhlala kuqalwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuzoqina kakhulu futhi kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukukuqeda.

Beck Cognitive Therapy Treatment Plan

Umgomo oyinhloko u-Beck awethulayo mayelana nokwelashwa kwengqondo ukuthi isiguli, kanye nomelaphi, sidala ulwazi olusha olumvumela ukuba anciphise lezo ezisungulwe kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi ezingezinhle ngendlela yakhe yokuzizwa nokwenza. Iqiniso lokuguqula inkolelo yesiguli alwenziwa ngenkulumo-mpikiswano, kodwa kunalokho kufunwa ubufakazi obuqondile ukuze kuhlolwe izinkolelo zabo futhi kusukela kulokho iqiniso elihle kakhulu lisungulwa ngedatha esebenzayo.

Isibonelo nje, umuntu onenkolelo yamanga futhi useze waba ne-phobia yokungena ku-swimming pool ekubeni ecabanga ukuthi uma engena kuyo, uzobhajwa egridi futhi aminze, ungaphikisana futhi ufakazele ukuthi amagridi amachibi aphephile futhi angeke akubangele izinkinga.

Ukuqala

Ukuchaza iphuzu lethu lokugcina kulesi sihloko, futhi njengoba sazi okwengeziwe mayelana Beck's cognitive therapy, sizoshiyelwa ukuba sibhale izimiso zokwelashwa kwengqondo ezilawulwa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa yomuntu.

• Isimiso sokuqala sika-Beck noma u-triad wokuqonda: sesivele sithuthukisile leli phuzu ngaphambili, lisekelwe ikakhulukazi endleleni yokucabanga yesiguli kanye nezinkinga ezethula ngokwengqondo. Okusho ukuthi, imicabango engenangqondo yesiguli esethulayo iyabonakala, kanye nezenzo esizenzayo nezidala izinkinga.
• Okwesibili: kusekelwe ebudlelwaneni nasebudlelwaneni phakathi kwesiguli nomelaphi.
• Okwesithathu: igxile ekubambisaneni nasekubambeni iqhaza okusebenzayo. Kufakazelwa ukuthi iziguli ezibonisa ukusebenzisana okukhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa zinethuba elingu-50% lokuthola usizo oludingekayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zixazulule izinkinga zabo.
• Okwesine: Ngale ndlela yokwelapha sigxila ekufinyeleleni izinjongo futhi igxile ezinkingeni ezithile. Ngakho-ke, kusukela esimisweni sokuqala nesiguli, izinkinga eziyinhloko kufanele zisungulwe.
• Okwesihlanu: ukwelashwa kwengqondo kumanje. Ngakho isiguli siyaboniswa ukuthi kuyini ukwenza lapha namanje futhi uma senza ngokucabangela lokho. Iphinde igqamise indlela imicabango yesikhathi esidlule noma yesikhathi esizayo eyithinta ngayo imizwelo yamanje.
• Okwesithupha: lokhu kwelashwa ngokuyisisekelo kuyafundisa, njengoba kuhloswe ukufundisa isiguli ukuthi sibe ngumelaphi waso ngokusifundisa ukuhlonza yonke leyo micabango engemihle ngakubo, izinkolelo zabo ezingenangqondo nokuthi zivelaphi ukuze zifunde ukuziguqula futhi zikhiqize. imibono eyakhayo.
• Okwesikhombisa: Lolu hlobo lokwelapha luvame ukuba nomkhawulo. Ngamanye amazwi, kuhloswe ukuthi isiguli sesivele sibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kusukela esimisweni sesine nokuthi ngeseshini yeshumi nane sebevele banamathuluzi anele okunciphisa izimpawu ababonisayo, noma kunjalo, kuzo zonke izimo ngeke kufane.
• Okwesishiyagalombili: sifika endaweni yamaseshini ahlelekile. Okusho ukuthi, baneskripthi kanye nokuhleleka okunengqondo okufanele kulandelwe ukuze kube lula ukuzilapha kwesiguli, okuvumela isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo ukuba sinake amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu anikezwa isiguli.
• Okwesishiyagalolunye: lokhu kwelashwa kuvumela isiguli ukuthi sihlole futhi sihlaziye imicabango engasebenzi kanye nokuziphatha esinakho.

Uma uthanda i-athikili yethu, sikumema ukuthi uvakashele iwebhusayithi yethu ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe okuthakazelisayo okufana Ungabuthuthukisa kanjani ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu? Kufanele futhi ukhumbule ukuthi i-athikili yethu ingeyezinjongo zokwaziswa kuphela futhi asinawo amandla afanele okwenza ukuxilongwa noma ukuncoma ukwelashwa. Uma udinga usizo, ungangabazi ukuya kusazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esizokunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo. Siphinde sikushiyele le vidiyo efundisayo.