La ibali elijikeleza malunga nokuba yintoni na i-hip hop, inomdla kakhulu kwaye kufuneka sonke siyazi, ngakumbi abathandi beentshukumo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko ezikhoyo. Ihip hop yintshukumo yenkcubeko yasezidolophini eyavela ngeminyaka yoo-70s kwaye yenziwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo afana negrafiti, umdaniso kunye nomculo.
Es umsinga oquka iinkcubeko zesitrato ezahlukeneyo, yaye oko kudlulela ngaphaya kokudanisa okanye ukwazi ukucula. Kwazalwa njengempendulo kwimeko yengcinezelo ukuba abemi base-Afro-American balo mzuzu babenyamezele.
Le ntshukumo kwiminyaka edluleyo, iye yanda kwaye yasasazeka kuzo zonke iikona zomhlaba eziphembelela abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Okulandelayo, kolu papasho, siza kukuxelela zonke iimfihlo kunye nembali ejikeleze olu hlobo.
Yintoni ihip-hop?
Ihip hop ingaphezulu kunomculo, yinkcubeko yasezidolophini edibanisa umculo, umdaniso, ubugcisa kunye nefashoni. Ezine zeentsika ezisisiseko zale nkcubeko yi-turntabism, rap, B-boying kunye nobugcisa obubonakalayo obufana negraffiti. Ezi ntsika ziye zaba yi-subcultures ngaphakathi kwehip hop.
Ukudityaniswa kwezi zinto zine zahlukeneyo kwayiguqula inkcubeko njengoko yayisaziwa ngeminyaka yoo-70s kwaye yakwazi ukwanda kwihlabathi ngesantya esingathintekiyo. Impembelelo yale nkcubeko iye yavelisa iindlela ezintsha zomculo, iindlela ezintsha zobugcisa kunye nokuzonwabisa.okanye, iindaba malunga nefashoni, umdaniso, imfundo, ezopolitiko, njl.
Namhlanje, inkcubeko ye-hip hop ihlala i into yehlabathi, ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubonakaliswa kobugcisa eziqhubekayo zikhula, zichaphazela izizukulwana ezitsha.
Imvelaphi yenkcubeko yehip hop
Lo mbutho mtsha wenkcubeko, Wazalwa kwiminyaka engama-70 kwisiXeko saseNew York, ngakumbi kwindawo yaseNew York yaseBronx. Lo mbutho ubufuna ukubonisa iziphumo ezibi zokutshintsha koqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye necandelo lezoshishino.
Ngeli xesha kunye nexesha elidlulileyo, IsiXeko saseNew York sasihlala ekuwohlokeni kwezoqoqosho rhoqo. Uqoqosho lwaluwohloka, ngenxa yemveliso kunye nolwakhiwo. Konke oku kwaba nefuthe elithe ngqo kubemi. Inxalenye enkulu yabemi abamhlophe abakumgangatho ophakathi bazama ukuqhwesha besiya ezidolophini bebaleka zonke ezi ngxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho.
Konke oku kwakhokelela ekubeni a ukonakala kwiindawo apho abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kunye neLatino bahlala khona. Yayinjalo ke imeko embi, eyathi yandisa amatyala obunjubaqa, ubundlobongela, amaqela emigulukudu kunye nokwanda kwentlupheko.
Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi ngxaki kunye nokuvalwa kweenkampani ezininzi, abantu abaselula belo xesha babesiya ezitratweni ukukhangela ukuphazamiseka, ukuzonwabisa kunye neendlela zokuzibonakalisa.
Le yile indawo yokuqala yale nkcubeko entsha yasezidolophini, amaqela ayebanjelwe ebumelwaneni kwizakhiwo ezishiyiweyo okanye kwiindawo zokupaka iimoto. La maqela, ngawona ebephawula iziseko zenkcubeko yehip hop, kwavela ixesha elitsha liqhutywa ziimvakalelo zokulahlwa, ukuvinjwa kunye nomsindo kolu luntu.
Ngomnyaka we-1520, kwi-Sedwick Avenue condominium kuxa ii-DJs baqala ukulinga izandi ezahlukeneyo njengomphefumlo kunye ne-funk. Ukongeza, baqala ukuphanda indlela yokudibanisa ezi zingqisho zitsha kunye nobuchule bomzimba.
ukuvela kwehip hop
kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, ngo-1980 inkcubeko yasezidolophini yehip hop ibetha kakhulu itafile kunye namazwe ngamazwe. Wonke umculo oveliswe ngeli xesha sithetha ngalo wawunesandi esineempawu ezibonelelwa nguRoland 808 kunye noomatshini begubu be-Oberheim DMX.
Ukunyuka kwale ntshukumo yenkcubeko entsha iqala, ukuvula imida emitsha kwihlabathi jikelele, okubangela amanani amatsha aqala ukuvela kwindawo yomculo eyaziwayo njengamakhwenkwe B kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi njengeJamani, iJapan, iFransi, njl.
Kwisixeko apho ihip hop yaqala ukubonakala khona, eNew York, kwiminyaka emine kamva Isikolo esitsha ebesiphawuleka ngokusebenzisa izingqisho ngendlela encinci kakhulu. Le ndlela intsha yokwenza isingqisho yaphenjelelwa ngumculo wohlobo lwerock kunye namazwi abhalwe ngabarepha, abakhupha imiyalezo enamandla kunye nomxholo wokuziphindezela.
iindaba zehip hop
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-90s, izitayile ezahlukeneyo zisuka ngaphakathi kwale ntshukumo yasedolophini ephenjelelwa zizitayile zomculo ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko ixesha lihamba, ihip hop ifumana isithonga esitsha esenza ukuba intengiso yesi simbo somculo ihle, kodwa enyakeni I-2010, iphinda ivele kwakhona ngamandla amakhulu kwindawo yamazwe ngamazwe.
Kucacile ukuba yonke into ejikeleze le nkcubeko yasezidolophini iye yavela ngokuqhubekayo kwiminyaka, iyenza iisubgens ezintsha zivela njenge Trap, eveliswe kakhulu ngoku, okanye iMumble Rap.
oovulindlela behip hop
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo ebumelwaneni baseBronx naseHarlem, inkcubeko yehip hop iye yavela kwaye isasazeka kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zehlabathi. Ziliqela amanani abalulekileyo, abo baphembelela ngokuthe ngqo kwihlabathi le-hip hop. Abanye ababephawuleka ngo-DJ Kool Herc, u-Afrika Bambaataa kunye no-Grandmaster Flash.
U-DJ Kool Herc
Umthombo: https://www.pinterest.es/
Omnye wabantu abanempembelelo kule ntshukumo yenkcubeko ngulo Umphambukeli waseJamaican othathwa njengoyise owaseka ihip hop. Ngo-1973, yena nodade wabo benza imbali ngokubamba iBack to School Jam kwisakhiwo sabo sokuhlala.
Kwakhona, yayiyiyo umqhubi kunye nalowo wazisa ubuchule breakbeat. Igama, elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomculo we-elektroniki eziphawulwa ngokusebenzisa iipateni zesingqisho ngaphandle kwe-4/4 eyaziwa kakhulu.
DJ Kool Herc, ingaxuba iintlobo zomculo ezifana ne-funk okanye umphefumlo, kunye namacandelo e-percussion usebenzisa iperi yeetafile. U-Kook Herc ngokwakhe angabiza obu buchule be-breakbeat juggling, nto leyo eyakhawuleza yamenza omnye woovulindlela ekunyukeni komculo wale ntshukumo yasedolophini.
Kwakhona, wayenayo kuninzi okwenziwa kuphuhliso lwesingqisho esithethwayo kunye neepuni, ababedlalwa nguMC. Olu hlobo lokucula luyinto eyaziwa ngokuba yinkangeleko yokuqala yomculo we-rap, ephenjelelwa sisiko laseJamaican lokungqungqa, oko kukuthi, ukuthetha okanye ukucula ngesingqisho.
Afrika Bambaataa
Umthombo: https://es.m.wikipedia.org/
Ikwabizwa ngokuba nguThe Godfather, iAfrika Bambaataa lelinye inani elibalulekileyo ekufuneka liqatshelwe kwimbali yehip hop. Umvelisi womculo kunye no-DJ, owaququzelela amaqela eBronx kwi-70s kunye naye Ndinceda ulutsha oluninzi ukuba lubaleke imigulukudu, ugonyamelo, izixhobo neziyobisi.
Wayengumseki we Universal Zulu Nation, umbutho ozinikele emculweni njengentshukumo yoxolo nomanyano. Abantu abatsha abebekulo mbutho bafundiswe ukuba ngooDJ, iiRappers, abaqulunqi bezobugcisa bokubonwayo kwanabo bagqagqanisileyo. Emva kwexesha, ezi zinto zine zachazwa njengeentsika ezine eziphambili zehip hop.
La ingoma, iPlanethi Rock ikhutshwe ngu-Afrika Bambaataa kunye ne-Soul Sonic yaba enye yokuqala kunye nefuthe kakhulu yesi simbo ngowe-1982.
I-Grandmaster Flash
Umthombo: https://www.pinterest.es/
Omnye wabalinganiswa ababalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yehip hop eNew York. I-Grandmaster Flash, yayinguye U-DJ wokuqala ukusebenzisa kunye nokukhohlisa iirekhodi ngokuhambisa umkhombandlela wabo, ngaphambili, ngasemva okanye ngasekhohlo. Kwakhona, uyaziwa ngokudala iindlela ezintsha ze-DJ ngelo xesha ezifana nokusika, i-punch, i-scratching kunye ne-backspin.
Enye ye awona maqela anempembelelo kwixesha lehip hop, Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five Ngo-1976. Banika uluntu isimbo somculo esikhethekileyo, betshintshiselana ngeengoma phakathi kweimvumi zomculo we-rap kwaye ezi zidityaniswe neendlela zika-DJ zika-Grandmaster Flash.
Eli nani laziwa ehlabathini lonke kungekuphela nje ngayo yonke into esisandul’ ukuyibona kodwa nangayo sebenzisa izandla, iinyawo, iingqiniba kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ukukhohlisa iivinyls awayedlala naye.
Ingoma yeqela elithi "Umyalezo" yayiyeyona ibalaseleyo kwaye yanceda i-rap ukuba izimise njengohlobo olutsha lwasezidolophini kwaye yenza i-rappers ifikelele kwindawo ephezulu okokuqala. Ngonyaka ka-2007, iqela leGrandmaster Flash kunye neFurious Five lenza imbali ukuba liqela lokuqala lehip hop ukufakwa kwiRock and Roll Hall of Fame.
ixesha legolide
Phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1980 kunye no-1990, ihip hop yafumana amandla amaninzi kwaye yayinokufumaneka ngakumbi nangakumbi kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo. Eli xesha sithetha ngalo libizwa ngokuba lixesha le-golden age yehip hop, leyo kuphawule ukuqhambuka kwale ntshukumo yasezidolophini ibangela iyantlukwano, impembelelo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nempumelelo epheleleyo.
Uninzi lweereyibhile zerekhodi zexesha zabona ihip hop njengesiqhelo kunye nokubheja ukuba uthe intshukumo imali eninzi. Iirekhodi zasungulwa kwimarike ngesantya esikhawulezileyo, ukunciphisa imfuno eveliswa zizikhululo zikanomathotholo zasekhaya ezahlukeneyo.
Njengoko le nkcubeko ikhula kwaye ithandwa, Imiboniso emitsha kunye nezimbo zehip hop ziyavela, nangona yayiseyimifuniselo kuphela. Kodwa abavelisi abaninzi behip hop benze imathiriyeli ephucukileyo ekhokelele ekudaleni izingqisho eziphezulu kakhulu.
Kule nto ixesha legolide, ukusetyenziswa komculo oyisampula yayiluphawu, oko kukuthi, iziqwenga zesampulu zengoma yomculo zacatshulwa kwaye zasetyenziselwa ukudala ezintsha. Ilungelo lokushicilela elifanayo lalingekho namhlanje, ngoko amagcisa ayenenkululeko epheleleyo.
Yintoni eyayiqhuba le ntshukumo intsha yayingengomculo kuphela, yayikwadityaniswe nefashoni eyayidibanisa isimbo sayo sempahla, izincedisi, izihlangu, njalo njalo. Konke oku kwaba yindlela yokuzibonakalisa.
Njengoko ubona, imbali ejikeleze inkcubeko ye-hip hop inomdla kwaye igcwele isimboli kunye nabalinganiswa abalulekileyo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, le nkcubeko iye yafumana utshintsho olwahlukileyo kunye neenguqu eziye zakhokelela ekubeni ibe yile nto iyiyo namhlanje. Ukusuka kubumelwane beBronx ukuya kwinto yehlabathi.