Kuqheleke kakhulu ukuba, xa kuhanjwa, enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zomdla yicathedral. Njengabakhenkethi abalungileyo, eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuya kuyindwendwela. Kodwa ngaba uyazi ngokwenene ukuba yintoni i-cathedral? Ibaluleke kangakanani? Okanye yahluke njani kwicawa?
Ukuba awuqinisekanga, ndincoma ukuba ujonge eli nqaku. Siza kucacisa yintoni i-cathedral, isetyenziselwa ntoni kwaye yahluke njani kwicawa kunye nezinye izakhiwo zamaKristu.
Yintoni i-cathedral kwaye yenzelwe ntoni?
Masiqale ngokucacisa ukuba yintoni icathedral. Ngokusisiseko yitempile yobuKristu leyo ibalasele ngokuba nesitulo okanye isihlalo sikabhishophu wedayosisi ehambelanayo. Ke ngoko, kunokuthiwa yeyona cawa iphambili, okanye eyona ibalulekileyo kuloo ndawo. Ukusuka apho, ubhishophu wongamela lonke ibandla lamaKristu kuloo mmandla ngokufundisa imfundiso yeCawa yamaKatolika nokholo. Ikwanoxanduva lokulawula imiyalelo kunye neesakramente ezithile. Ngaloo ndlela, isitulo okanye ukubona luphawu lomsebenzi karhulumente owenziwa ngubhishophu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iCawa yamaOthodoki yamaKristu idla ngokubiza iicathedrals "icawa enkulu".
Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa okunikezelwa kwezi zakhiwo, ngokucacileyo yiyo yonke into enxulumene nemisitho yonqulo. Noko ke, namhlanje iicathedrals Zikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza eminye imisebenzi, efana nezifundo zokufundisa, ngakumbi isiLatini, imfundiso yobuthixo kunye negrama. Ngapha koko, le yindlela ezaqala ngayo izifundo zecathedral okanye izikolo. Ngeemfundiso ezazinikwe kwiicathedrals, izifundo zokuqala ezilawulwayo zenziwa. Kamva, le nkqubo yavela kancinci kancinci de kwavela iiyunivesithi esizaziyo namhlanje.
Historia
Ngoku siyazi ukuba yintoni icathedral, siza kugqabaza kancinci ngembali yayo. Ezi zakhiwo zavela njengezakhiwo ezitsha okanye njengenguquko yecawa yeemonki ekumgangatho wayo uphakanyiselwe kweso sihlalo sikabhishophu. Obona thunywashe baphambili ababemisela ukuba zeziphi iicawa ezinokubanga igama lecathedral yayi imiba yedemographic, imisebenzi yobufundisi kunye namandla ecawa. Njengoko ezi zakhiwo zitsha zazibonakala, imimandla eyahlukeneyo yamaKristu, eyayibizwa ngokuba ngamadayosisi, yacinezelwa okanye yadityaniswa.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ekuqaleni, iicawa ezihlala ubhishophu zazingenalo naluphi na uhlobo olukhethekileyo. Ngapha koko, ngenkulungwane yokuqala yamaXesha Aphakathi kunye neyobuKristu, eyayiza kuba yinkulungwane yesine ukuya kweyeshumi elinanye malunga nenkulungwane, iicathedrals zazingohlukanga kakhulu kwezinye iindawo zonqulo, njengeetempile ezinikelwe kubafeli-nkolo okanye iicawa zemonki. Kwaba kamva, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, xa iicathedral zaqalisa ukuba nemilinganiselo nemigaqo ethile eyazenza zahluka kwezinye izakhiwo zonqulo.
Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ye-XNUMX, ye-XNUMX nenxalenye ye-XNUMX, ukwakhiwa kwezi zakhiwo kwaba nencopho yayo, njengoko. ihambelana nenkangeleko yobugcisa kunye Uyilo lweGothic. Ebudeni belo xesha, iicathedrals azizange ziqhubeke nje ukuba sisihlalo sikabhishophu, olona phawu luphambili oluzichazayo, kodwa zafumana neentsingiselo ezahlukahlukeneyo apho ubungangamsha nomfanekiso wezixeko ababehlala kuzo wawudlala indima ebalulekileyo. zakhiwa Yiyo ke loo nto baba ziitempile zamaKristu ukuba zibe zizakhiwo ezikhulu nezinkulu. Nanamhlanje, ii-cathedrals zisanxulunyaniswa nesitayela seGothic.
Emva kwelo xesha lobungangamsha xa kufikelelwa ekwakhiweni kweecathedrals, kwakukho izinto ezininzi, ezifana Uhlaziyo lwamaProtestanti, nto leyo eyaphelisa loo mnqweno wokwakha izakhiwo ezikhulu ngolo hlobo. Ukususela ngoko, iicathedral ngokuthe ngcembe zahlengahlengisa ubungangamsha nobukhulu bazo. Nangona kunjalo, baqhubeka bezakhiwo ezintle kakhulu, kodwa baziqhelanise nokutshintsha kweendlela zobugcisa kunye nokuthanda kwexesha ngalinye.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwecawe necathedral?
Kuxhaphake kakhulu ukubhidanisa ezinye iikhonsepthi ezifana necawa, icathedral okanye i-basilica. Nangona kuyinyaniso ukuba zontathu ziyinxalenye yeecawa zamaKristu, kukho iyantlukwano ethile esimele siyazi, eyona nto iphawulekayo kukubaluleka kwezi zakhiwo. Okokuqala makhe sicacise igama elithi “cawe”. Ngokuqhelekileyo libhekisela kwibandla elibunjwa ngamaKristu athembekileyo. Izakhiwo ezinikezelwe kunqulo lobuthixo nazo zibizwa ngale ndlela. iiyantlukwano zabo zihlala ngakumbi kukubaluleka kwazo.
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-cathedral yicawe okanye itempile apho isitulo okanye isihlalo sikabhishophu sikhoyo. Sinokufumana ezi zakhiwo kwihlabathi liphela kwaye iifom zazo zokwakha kunye nemilinganiselo zihluke kakhulu. Awona mabandla amadala esiwaziyo asusela kwimvelaphi yonqulo lobuKristu. Nangona kunjalo, iitempile zobuKristu zokuqala kunye nezanamhlanje zisakhiwa namhlanje.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, i-cathedral yenye yezona zakhiwo zibalulekileyo zobuKristu, kodwa i-basilica ayikho i-slouch. Yintoni lento? Yahluke njani kwicathedral? Makhe sibone: Ii-basilicas, nangona zibhekwa njengeecawa, Zakhiwa ngaphambi kokuba ubuKristu bubonakale. Ezi zizakhiwo ezintle kakhulu kwaye zinkulu ezisetyenziselwa ukusasaza unqulo.
Ekuqaleni zazisetyenziswa ngamaRoma namaGrike njengenkundla. Noko ke, ukususela kwinkulungwane yesine, apho kwavela khona ubuKristu. ziicawa eziye zafumana iwonga lembeko le-basilica elanikwa nguPopu ngokwakhe. Ukuze bathathelwe ingqalelo njengecawa ebalaseleyo, kufuneka bahlangabezane nobuncinci enye yezi ndlela okanye iminyhadala:
- Yiba nexabiso eliphezulu lokwakha.
- Ziqulathe ii-heirlooms ezibalulekileyo nezizodwa.
- Ukuba yindawo yokuhambela abantu abaninzi abathembekileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku kuye kwacaca kuwe kungekhona nje ukuba yintoni i-basilica, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ye-cathedral kwaye yintoni eyahlula kwezinye izakhiwo zamaKristu. Ngokuqinisekileyo sele ubabonile abanye okanye ubuncinci beva ngabo, njengecathedral edumileyo ye Notre Dame ukusuka eParis.