Intsholongwane ye-FeLV: Iimpawu, uThutho, uThintelo

FeLV (Feline Leukemia Virus) Sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yi-retrovirus echaphazela iikati kwaye inokubangela ezinye izifo ezinzulu. Olu hlobo lwe-leukemia lubangela imo ye-immunosuppressive ukuba yenza ukuba ikati ibe lula ukosuleleka, eyandisa kakhulu ingozi yokufa.

I-leukemia ye-feline idla ngokuchaphazela iikati ze-feral okanye iikati ezichitha ixesha elide ngaphandle. Ukubanakho ukosuleleka okuphezulu kuyenza ibe yi-pathology ethile kwezona zilwanyana zisemngciphekweni kakhulu. usulelo nge Felv  kuyingozi kwimpilo yekati yasekhaya ngenxa yokuba yintsholongwane ene-pathogenic ephezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iyakwazi ukucinezela kakhulu amajoni omzimba kunye nokudala iimeko ze-pathological ezinokuthi zibe nzima kakhulu kwisilwanyana (usulelo kunye namathumba, ngakumbi i-lymphomas).

Yintoni isifo se-FeLV?

FeLV yeyosapho lwe-retrovirus nto leyo ethetha ukuba isebenza ngokosulela iiseli kwaye iphinde ivelise kwakhona ngaphakathi kuzo ngaphandle kokuba ibonwe yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Le leukemia yosulelayo idla ngokuchaphazela ulutsha ingakumbi. Ihlasela amajoni omzimba wesilwanyana ngokubangela ukuncipha okukhulu kwinani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ngokunciphisa impendulo ye-immune, iintlobo zeengxaki kunye nezifo zinokuvela ngokulula kwisilwanyana, zibeke engozini impilo kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Nangona kunjalo, Ukuba sesichengeni kwintsholongwane ye-leukemia ye-feline akufuneki ibe sisigwebo sentambo. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zeekati ezifunyenwe zinentsholongwane ziyakwazi ukuxhathisa usulelo okanye zisule intsholongwane ngokwazo.

Ngelishwa, inxalenye yezifundo ezichaphazelekayo zinokuthi zichaphazeleke yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-"regressive" yosulelo, oko kukuthi, ngolunye uhlobo losulelo "olufihliweyo" olungabonwa ngovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, kodwa olunokubangela isifo. Ukulawulwa kwezilwanyana zekati zasekhaya ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle. iikati eziqhelekileyo bosulelwe kukudibana ngqo ngolwelo olusulelekileyo oluvela kwezinye iikati kunye nosulelo olunxulunyaniswa nemilo yomhlaba okanye ukuhlalisana nezifundo ezilungileyo kuxhaphake kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, inkulu Ukuziphatha kakubi Ikati yethu iyibeka esichengeni sosulelo. Ngoko qaphela ikati ethanda ukuzulazula egadini okanye esitratweni kunye nabo banomdla wokulwa kunye nokulwa kunye namaqabane abo, ngakumbi ukuba balahlekile.

Iimpawu ze-FELV

Los Iimpawu zeNtsholongwane yeLeukemia yeFeline Zinokwahluka kakhulu, kodwa ngokubanzi zinokushwankathelwa ngoku kulandelayo:

• panleukopenia ezinzima
• myelodysplasias
• neuropathies
• i-lymphoma
• iinduma
• ubuthathaka
• ukuswela amandla, ukungabi namdla wokutya
• ukulahleka kweenwele
• iintsini ezimthubi
•  umbala otyheli emlonyeni
• mhlophe emehlweni
• i-lymph nodes eyandisiweyo
• ukuphefumla nzima
• I-stomatitis
• Umkhuhlane
• Ukukhathala
• ukunciphisa umzimba
• immunosuppression.

Ukudakumba kwamajoni omzimba kwandisa ukuchaphazeleka kwekati ekufumaneni usulelo lwentsholongwane kunye nentsholongwane enokubangela:

• Vomit
• urhudo olungapheliyo
• jaundice
• izifo zokuphefumla
• izilonda zolusu
• iilymphoma
• pancytopenia
• ukuxhuzula.

Ikati ye-FeLV positive inokuhlala i-asymptomatic iinyanga ezimbalwa okanye iminyaka, de kube kuphuhliso olupheleleyo lwesifo.

Ukusinda kwentsholongwane kokusingqongileyo

Intsholongwane ye-FeLV ilula kakhulu kwindawo engqongileyo, phila nje imizuzu embalwa, kunye nezibulali-ntsholongwane eziqhelekileyo (ezifana nebleach) ziyayibulala lula, kodwa iyakwazi ukuvalela izinto zokucoca, ubushushu, nokomisa. Ukuba unekati ye-FeLV + engasekhoyo, akuyomfuneko ukuba ubulale iintsholongwane endlwini okanye ulinde iinyanga ngaphambi kokuba ufumane enye!

Ugqithiso lwe-FeLV

Intsholongwane ingena kumxholo oronasally okanye umlomo ukuya impumlo. Isenokubakho kwiimfihlo ezifana ne-mucus, amathe, igazi, kunye nobisi lwekati. Xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, ichaphazela umongo wethambo nakwiiseli ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa iileukocyte eziyinxalenye yokhuselo lomzimba.

Intsholongwane ye-FeLV inokudluliselwa ukusuka kwikati ukuya kwenye ngokutshintshiselana ngolwelo lomzimba njengamathe, igazi, kunye nokuphuma kweempumlo okanye kwamehlo. Ukuhlamba (ukukhothwa) kunye nokulwa (ukugoqa) kubonakala njengezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zokusasaza usulelo. Iinjana zisenokosulelwa sesi sifo kwisibeleko okanye ngobisi lukamama olosulelekileyo. Esi sifo sisoloko sisasazwa ziikati ezibonakala zisempilweni, ngoko ke nokuba ikati ibonakala isempilweni, inokosuleleka kwaye ikwazi ukusasaza intsholongwane.

Kwiminyaka engama-25 edlulileyo, ukusasazeka kwe-FeLV kuye kwehle kakhulu enkosi ngokufika kweemvavanyo zokuxilonga kunye nokusasazwa kwezitofu zokugonya.

Ngaba idluliselwa ebantwini?

Singayikhusela njani ikati yethu kwintsholongwane?

gcina ikati yakho Ngaphakathi endlwini kwaye kude neekati ezosulelekileyo yindlela eqinisekileyo yokumthintela ekufumaneni i-leukemia eyosulelayo. Ukongeza, izitofu zokugonya zinokunikwa iikati ezisengozini enkulu yokuvezwa, njengalezo ziphuma ngaphandle okanye zihlala kwiindawo zokuhlala okanye kwiikoloni. Kuphela ziikati ezivavanya zingenayo i-FeLV emazigonywe, kwaye ezo zifumene isitofu sokugonya kufuneka nazo zivavanyelwe ukuchanabeka kwintsholongwane.

Uvavanyo akufunekanga lwenziwe zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingama-30 emva kokuba usesichengeni. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yeengxaki zempilo enokuthi inxulunyaniswe nentsholongwane.

Iikati okanye amantshontsho amatsha angaphezulu kweeveki ezisibhozo ubudala kufuneka avavanyelwe intsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba angeniswe kwikhaya elineekati ezininzi. Uninzi lwezilwanyana zicebisa ngokuchaseneyo ngenisa ikati entsha endlwini xa kukho un ikati positive for FeLV yi umngcipheko we ukufumana usulelonaxa ugonyiwe. Ukongezelela, uxinzelelo lomntu omtsha lunokuchaphazela kakubi kwikati ye-FeLV-positive.

Ukongeza kwi iintsholongwane kwiikati zasendle, okuphela kothintelo lwe-FeLV kukugonya iikati zendlu kunye neekati ezihlala kwiikoloni zeekati. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isitofu sokugonya i-Felv asikhuseli ngokuchasene nosulelo, kodwa ivumela ikati esulelekileyo ukuba ibe yi-aviremic ngexesha elifutshane, oko kukuthi, ayisuleli kwezinye iikati.

Ukuxilongwa kweFeline Viral Leukemia

Uxilongo lwelabhoratri olwenziwa ngovavanyo lwegazi olunxulumeneyo lubalulekile. Ungasebenzisa "uvavanyo olukhawulezayo" olwahlukeneyo oluvela kwi-SNAP TEST, ethi ngesampulu encinci yegazi ivumele ukuchonga izilwanyana ezosulelekileyo kuphela ukuba kukho i-viraemia eqhubekayo. PCR egazini okanye umongo ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyona kakhulu ethembekileyo kuba ichaza intsholongwane ngokuqinisekileyo.

Iimvavanyo ezingakumbi ze-feline leukemia

Ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana unokufumanisa isifo ngokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi olulula olubizwa ngokuba yi-ELISA, echonga iiproteni ze-FeLV egazini. Olu vavanyo lunovakalelo kakhulu kwaye lunokuchonga iikati ezinosulelo lwakwangoko. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezinye iikati ziya kulususa usulelo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kwaye zivavanye zingenayo emva koko.

Uvavanyo lwesibini lwegazi, i-IFA, lufumanisa inqanaba eliqhubekayo lokusuleleka kunye neekati ezineziphumo ezilungileyo kolu vavanyo akunakwenzeka ukuba zichithe intsholongwane. Uvavanyo lwe-IFA lwenziwa elabhoratri, endaweni yeklinikhi yonyango lwezilwanyana. Ngokubanzi, iikati ze-IFA-positive zine-prognosis engalunganga yexesha elide.

U-Felv unokufunyaniswa kuphela ngugqirha wezilwanyana, ngokwenza ezinye iimvavanyo zonyango. Kwezinye iimeko ezithile, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ezi mvavanyo zinokuphinda ziphindwe kamva.

Iintlobo eziphambili zosulelo lwe-FeLV kwiikati:

1. Usana olusandul' ukuzalwa: Umama ogulayo wosulela intsholongwane kwinzala yakhe ngaphambi kokuba azalwe okanye ngobisi olosulelekileyo.
2. iimfihlo: Xa isilwanyana esisempilweni sidibana nencindi enje ngeenyembezi, amathe, ilindle kunye nomchamo owosulelekileyo.

Unyango kunye nogonyo lwe-feline leukemia

I-leukemia ye-feline ichaphazela ngokukhethekileyo iikati ezincinci, ngakumbi kwiikati ezilahlekileyo okanye zangaphandle. Inxalenye yeekati ezisulelekileyo zilawula ukuphelisa intsholongwane ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zikhuseleke, nangona ixesha lokukhuseleka kwendalo lingaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiikati apho i-immunity ingaphuhli, intsholongwane ihlasela umzimba, ngakumbi ummongo wethambo, apho iiseli zegazi kunye nabo bajongene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ziveliswa.

Alukho unyango oluqinisekileyo losulelo lwe-leukemia ye-feline, kodwa kukho unyango oluxhasayo (njenge iziyobisi ezinceda umsebenzi we-immune system) enokunceda ukwandisa ubude bobomi bomntu owosulelekileyo, nokuqinisekisa umgangatho olungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ikati ye-FeLV-positive iseyi-feline kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana izifo ze-neoplastic kunye nezifo ezosulelayo, kunye nesilwanyana esinobude obufutshane bokuphila kunekati ephilileyo.

mnyamekele

Njengoko ixhaswa yi-retrovirus, akukho unyango oluthile. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba intsholongwane ichaphazela amajoni omzimba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzama gcina ikati isempilweni entle ukuphepha ukuphuhliswa kwezifo zesibini okanye izifo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezilwanyana kunye nokhathalelo olululo lonyango olukhuselayo lunokunceda ezi kati zizive zilungile kangangexesha elithile kwaye zizikhusele kusulelo lwesibini. Iimviwo zomzimba zesiqingatha sonyaka, iimvavanyo zaselabhoratri, kunye nolawulo lwezinambuzane ezinokuthintela iingxaki kwaye zichonge iingxaki ngokukhawuleza.

Zonke iikati ezosulelwe yi-FeLV kufuneka zigcinwe ngaphakathi kwaye zitshizwe.

Ke ngoko, okwangoku akukho nyango losulelo lwe-FeLV. Usulelo lwesibini lunokunyangwa njengoko lubonakala, kwaye iikati ezinomhlaza zinokufumana ichemotherapy. Nangona kunjalo, i-prognosis inzima kwiikati ezinomongo wethambo ophazamisekileyo okanye i-lymphoma yokusabalalisa.

I-FeLV prophylaxis:

Kukho isitofu sokugonya esifumanekayo esibonelela ngokhuseleko olulungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, isitofu sokugonya se-FeLV asisebenzi kwizifundo ezilungileyo. Uqhagamshelwano lwezifundo ezisulelekileyo kunye neekati eziphilileyo kufuneka zigwenywe nangayiphi na indlela. Oko kukuthi, abanako ukuquqa kwiindawo ezifanayo, basebenzise iibhokisi zenkunkuma ezifanayo okanye basele kwaye batye kwizitya eziqhelekileyo.

Okwangoku kukho isitofu sokugonya i-Felv  (iikati kuphela ezivavanya i-negative ezinokuthi ziyenze) eyinxalenye yento ebizwa ngokuba yi "non-core" yogonyo, oko kukuthi, ayinyanzeliswanga, kodwa iyacetyiswa kwimeko yokuhlalisana kwiikholoni okanye kwindawo enentshukumo eninzi yekati okanye ukuba ixesha elininzi lidlula ngaphandle, njengoko oku kubabeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa sisifo. Umthetho olungileyo wobhontsi, ke, kukugonya intshontsho lakho ukuba ubomi obukhokelayo bulibeka esichengeni sosulelo nezinye iimazi ezinokuthwala esi sifo. Esinye isilumkiso esibalulekileyo Ukutyelela rhoqo kugqirha wezilwanyana. Ngaloo ndlela, isifo sinokuchongwa ukususela ngexesha sibonakala. Kwimeko ye-leukemia ye-feline, ngokwenene, ukutya okulawulwayo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lunokunceda ikati ukuba iphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo kunye nokuphila kakuhle.

Ngelo xesha akukho nyango luqinisekileyo lukaFelv, nangona kunokwenzeka ukwenza unyango lwezonyango olwandisa ixesha lokuphila lekati kunye noFelv. Ubomi obulindelekileyo bekati ye-FeLV positive (okanye i-FeLV+) ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi njengeminyaka yobudala, imeko yempilo, ubukho bezinye izifo kunye nesigaba sesifo ngexesha lokuxilongwa, kodwa i-prognosis iyaguquguquka kuyo nayiphi na imeko engathandekiyo.

Ukongeza kunyango oluchanekileyo lwe-pharmacological, oluchazwe ngugqirha wezilwanyana emva kovavanyo lwezonyango, Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kubalulekile ezivumela ugqirha wezilwanyana ukuba alawule imeko yempilo yekati, ngaloo ndlela enqanda ukubonakala kwee-pathologies ezinzulu.

Yintoni onokuyenza ngekati yakho ye-FeLV+ engenazimpawu?

Ngelishwa, alukho unyango olunokuphelisa intsholongwane, kodwa kukho uluhlu lwezixhobo kunye nezinto ezonyusa umgangatho kunye nobude bobomi (ukwandisa isigaba se-asymptomatic se-FeLV). Ukuze ikati ye-FeLV iphile ngcono kwaye ixesha elide, idinga:

• Isondlo esilungileyo,
• luphephe uxinzelelo,
• yigcine ngaphakathi kwaye ishushu (kwakunye nokuphepha ukosulela ezinye iikati ngaphandle ezingagonywanga),
• kuthintele ukunxibelelana neekati ezigulayo ngayo nayiphi na i-pathology eyosulelayo,
• akukho nyama eluhlaza kunye nobisi (izifundo ze-FeLV + zisengozini ephezulu ye-pathologies evela kwiibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezinokuthi zibe khona ekutyeni). Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uhlalutyo lwesitulo kunye/okanye nokubulala iintshulube ngamaxesha athile,
• uhlala usenza ugonyo oluncinci, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulwenze ngesitofu esingasebenziyo,
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha wezilwanyana (rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ngokungabikho kweempawu) kugxininisekile kumlomo womlomo, amehlo, i-lymph nodes, ulusu, ubunzima bomzimba (kubalulekile ukujonga ubunzima bomzimba ngamaxesha athile kuba ukwehla kobunzima kudla ngokuba luphawu lokuqala oluba mandundu. yeemeko zeklinikhi).
• Ubalo lwegazi olucetyiswayo rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 (ukuphazamiseka kwegazi yenye yeempawu zokuqala zesifo esipheleleyo) kunye novavanyo olusisiseko lwegazi kunye nomchamo ngonyaka.
• Lumkela ukubonakala okunokwenzeka kwe-lymphomas, i-aplasia yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-stomatitis, izifo ezithatha amathuba. Ukungenelela kwangoko kwonyango kwandisa amathuba okuphumelela.
• Sebenzisa iziyobisi ze-immunosuppressive (umz. i-corticosteroids) kuphela xa kuboniswe ngokungqongqo kwimeko ethile yekati ethile (kwimeko ye-stomatitis enzima, kungcono ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhutshwa kwawo onke amazinyo, kunokusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kwe-corticosteroids).
• I-Neutering iyacetyiswa ngokuqinisekileyo, kuzo zonke iikati ezisenokukwazi ukumelana notyando (mhlawumbi ngokuthatha amanyathelo ambalwa okhuseleko, njengokunika izibulala-zintsholongwane ezifanelekileyo kwixesha lasemva kotyando, kunye nokwenza iprofayili yegazi yangaphambi kotyando ngaphambi kokuba ukhuphe isizolisi); Kucetyiswa nokuba kukuphepha uxinzelelo lwehomoni apho ikati engafakwanga iphantsi kwayo.

Kuthekani nge-Interferon ye-FeLV?

Akukho datha ecacileyo malunga nenzuzo evela ekusebenziseni i-immunomodulators njenge interferonkodwa zinokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo. I-Feline omega interferon inokuphucula i-prognosis kunye nokuphila, kodwa izifundo ezininzi ziyafuneka kule nkalo. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kuye kwabonwa ukuba ayinabungozi kwikati kwaye inokunceda ukuba ihambelane kakuhle, kodwa njengoko ndiphawule kakuhle, konke oku kusekelwe kwizibalo kunye nezimvo zabantu abaye bayisebenzisa, kodwa kukho. abukho ubungqina besayensi.