La IViola cornuta, sisityalo esihle esihlala kwiiPyrenees neeNtaba zeCantabrian, eSpeyin. Ibalasele ngevumba layo, idubula ngokumangalisayo ekwindla, iyinto enye etyiwayo kunye nokuhombisa imekobume njengoko ithathwa njengomsebenzi wokuhombisa. Fumana apha ukhathalelo lwabo kunye nokunye okuninzi.
IViola cornuta
La IViola cornuta, sisityalo esingapheliyo, oku kuthetha ukuba sinokuphila ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini, ngenxa yenkqubo yayo enkulu yeengcambu. Nto leyo inceda ukuba ifunxe ngokulula amanzi kunye nezondlo kwi-substrate, into eqhelekileyo Inkqubo yokutya izityalo. Ngokufanayo, ichongiwe ngamagama athi "Violeta de los Pirineos", "Violeta" kunye ne "Pensamiento mini" (ngenxa yokufana kwayo nesityalo sasePansy).
Ihlala ihleli kwiiPyrenees, udederhu lweentaba ezikumantla e-Iberia Peninsula, ezinomda wendalo kunye namazwe aseFransi naseSpain. Ngokukwanjalo, izalelwa kwiiNtaba zeCantabrian, ezikuMntla wePeninsula yase-Iberia. Inyaniso ephawulekayo kukuba ifakwe "kuLuhlu oluBomvu" lwaseAngorra, ngokuqwalasela i-International Union yoLondolozo lweNdalo.
Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubona i-Viola cornuta, kwiindawo ezihlala imifuno, phakathi kwamatye okanye amatye kunye nalapho kukho ingca. Ubude besityalo busuka kwi-30 centimeters, iintyatyambo zaso ziphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-4 yeesentimitha, ngelixa iipetali zaso ziphakathi kwe-1,5 kunye ne-1,9 yeesentimitha. Obunye ubuhle bayo obumangalisayo kukuba iyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe -7°C kunye ne -15°C, imeko eyenza ilunge.
Ivumba layo liyinto engahoywayo, kunye nobuhle bayo obukhulu kunye ne-bicolors edlamkileyo, ngakumbi ukufumana imidibaniso yeetoni ezityheli, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-violet emnyama. Apho ngaphandle kokuba sisityalo sokusetyenziswa okuhonjiswayo okuqhelekileyo, iipetali zeentyatyambo zayo ziyinxalenye yemihombiso ye-gastronomic kwaye ziyatyiwa.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona kweViola cornuta
La IViola cornuta Ibonakala ngokuzala ngembewu, ngokukodwa kwiinyanga ezibhekiselele kwixesha lentwasahlobo okanye lasehlotyeni. Apho kuphela into efunekayo kukubeka kwiglasi equkethe amanzi kwaye emva kwemizuzu embalwa, kuphela imbewu eyatshonayo iya kuthathwa.
Ezi kufuneka zibekwe, kunye nomgama phakathi kwazo, kwi-substrate yezithole, ngaphambili efumileyo, enokubekwa lula ebhodweni okanye kwi-tray yezithole. Kamva zigutyungelwe nge-substrate engaphezulu, zinkcenkceshelwa kwaye zibekwe kwindawo enelanga elithe ngqo, ukuba kusentwasahlobo, okanye kwindawo enomthunzi, ukuba kusehlotyeni. Ngenxa yokuba ngaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini ziya kube sele zintshulile. Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-substrate ihlala imanzi.
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshintshwa
Isityalo se-Viola cornuta sinexesha elilungileyo lokutshintshela kwi-substrate ngqo emhlabeni, ixesha lentwasahlobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba isizathu sokutshintshwa kwibhodwe elikhulu, umzuzu ubonisa, xa iingcambu ziphuma ngemingxuma yokuhambisa amanzi. Isenokuba lukhetho, xa isityalo sinobude obuphakathi kwe 5 kunye ne 10 yeesentimitha.
Ukwahlulwa kwetaxonomic
Isityalo IViola cornuta, ifumana ulwahlulo lwetaxonomic kwisazinzulu saseSweden uCarlos Linneo, owagqama ngokuba yingcaphephe yezityalo, isazi ngendalo kunye nenzululwazi yezilwanyana. Oku kweza ukuyiveza ngonyaka we-1753, ngencwadi yakhe ethi "Species Plantarum", ebonelela ngale datha ilandelayo:
- Ubukumkani: iPlantae
- Icandelo: IMagnoliophyta
- Iklasi: Magnoliopsida
- Umyalelo: Malpighiales
- Usapho: Violaceae
- Uhlobo: Viola
- Iintlobo: V. cornuta
Iimpawu zeViola cornuta
Phakathi kweempawu ezifanelekileyo zesityalo IViola cornuta, oku kulandelayo kufunyenwe:
- Sisityalo esingapheliyo, oko kukuthi, sinobomi obungaphezu kweminyaka emibini.
- Iyinxalenye yezityalo ezifanelekileyo ukuba zikhuliswe zombini ezimbizeni nakumhlaba othe ngqo.
- Eyona nto itsala umdla wayo, ngaphandle kwevumba layo elimnandi, kukudumba kwayo ngexesha lasebusika.
- Amagqabi esityalo aqhelekile.
- Bakhetha iindawo zegadi ezineziganeko zelanga.
- Amagqabi eentyantyambo zawo asetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-haute cuisine, kunye nakwi-pastry, kungekuphela nje ukuhombisa. Kuba ziyatyiwa, zinencasa eethe-ethe.
- Iintyatyambo zayo zinemibala emibini.
- Isasazeka ngeerhizomes.
- Imozulu yayo efanelekileyo yileyo iphakathi kokuphola nokufumile.
- Isubstrate apho ikhuliswe khona kufuneka ibene drainage elungileyo kwaye ityebe kwizinto eziphilayo, kwaye kufuneka igcinwe ifumile.
- I-pH yayo egqibeleleyo ayithathi hlangothi, ikwazi ukufikelela kwi-alkaline.
Inkcazo yeentyatyambo kunye namagqabi ayo
Iintyatyambo zayo zibalasele ngevumba lazo elimnandi. Ngokuqhelekileyo iza kwimithunzi emfusa emnyama, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ekhilimu, okanye etyheli. Apho iithoni ze-bicolor zezona zibalaseleyo, iintyatyambo kule meko zinemibala evelele yetyheli, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-violet ngendlela edibeneyo.
Eyona nto iqhelekileyo, i-violet emnyama ecaleni komthubi, tyheli ecaleni kweblue kunye nelavender ecaleni komthubi. Apho ukukhula kwayo kuphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-4 yeesentimitha. Apho amagqabi ayo afikelela phakathi kwe-1,5 kunye ne-1,9 yeesentimitha.
tyala amagqabi IViola cornuta, zinokuzalwa kwazo ukusuka kwisiseko esifanayo kwaye ngasemva zinoboya. Kwelinye icala, imilo yazo i-oblong, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zide kunobubanzi. Bane-petiole, ehambelana nesihlomelo apho idibanisa khona isiqu.
Viola cornuta care
Phakathi kononophelo olusisiseko okanye oluyimfuneko lwe IViola cornuta oku kulandelayo:
- Ubicación: Ibonakala ngokuba sisityalo esidinga umoya omtsha kunye nokukhanya kwendalo, ngoko kufuneka ibekwe kwiindawo zangaphandle, nokuba ityalwe emhlabeni okanye embizeni. Kodwa, xa le mfuneko ingafumaneki, ubuncinane indawo apho ukukhanya kwemvelo okwaneleyo kufikelela khona kubalulekile.
- Inkqutyana: Xa i-substrate iyindawo embizeni, i-universal enye iyanconywa, ukuba iphuculwe, phakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-30% ye-perlite kunye nodongwe olwandisiweyo (okanye okufanayo) lungongezwa, olulula ukukhupha amanzi. Kwimeko yomyezo, into efunekayo yi-substrate elula yokukhupha engavelisi amanzi kunye nokuba i-pH ingathathi hlangothi, okanye i-alkaline.
- Unkcenkceshelo: Ukunkcenkceshela okufunwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwisityalo se-Viola cornuta yi-1 ukuya kwi-2 ngamaxesha ngeveki. Kodwa xa, ngokuchaseneyo, ixesha lonyaka lishushu, lifuna ukunkcenkceshela okwandisiweyo ka-3 ukuya kwamane evekini. Kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba ukunkcenkceshela kuqhutyelwa kuphela kwi-substrate, akukho xesha kumagqabi kwaye ngaphantsi kweentyatyambo. kufuneka ushiywe ngokwaneleyo Ukufuma, kodwa ngaphandle kwezikhukula.
- Umbhalisi: Kunconywa ukuba ukwenze nge-organic fertilizer, zonke iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-15, ukususela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kude kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Esona sichumiso sifanelekileyo sisichumisi se-organic compound, i-guano okanye isichumiso se-algae.
- Ukuthena: Ukuthenwa kwe-Viola cornuta akunyanzelekanga, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukususa amaqabunga okanye iintyatyambo ezibonakala zomile, zibunile, kunye naluphi na uphawu lokubola okanye izifo. Oku kwenziwa ngokulula kusetyenziswa isikere esiqhelekileyo ebesicocekile ngaphambili, ngenjongo yokuba isityalo singachatshazelwa ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane okanye umngundo.
Izinambuzane ezihlasela iViola cornuta
Nangona isityalo IViola cornuta, ibonakala ngokuba yomelele kwaye iqinile, kukho izinambuzane ezinokuthi zihlasele, apho eziqhelekileyo ziyimibungu kunye ne-aphid. Nangona kunjalo, eso ayisosizathu sokwethuka, kuba isisombululo silele ekongezeni umhlaba we-diatomaceous, okhusela ngokufanelekileyo ezi zinambuzane.
Umhlaba we-Diatomaceous wenziwe yimbumba ye-algae ye-fossilized microscopic apho idibanisa i-silica, ngoko ngokwemvelo yenza ezona zibulala izinambuzane. Ngokuqhelekileyo ixutywa i-35 grams ngelitha yamanzi. Oku kuyasibulala isinambuzane kuba sisikhupha emanzini de sife.
Izifo zeViola cornuta
Izifo ezinokuhlasela IViola cornuta, zibonakalise kuphela okanye zibekho emva kokunkcenkceshelwa ixesha elide nokuphindaphindayo. Apho, nangona ingaqhelekanga, abo beza kubandezeleka ngaba:
- I-Alternariosis (intloko emnyama, isibindi, isibetho esisemva kwexesha okanye i-alternaria)
- I-Cercospora
Ezifunyenwe ngokungunda okubangela amagqabi esityalo, amachokoza asangqa kunye nethoni emnyama, phakathi komdaka kunye nomnyama. Ukuba lunyango oluchanekileyo, sebenzisa imichiza yokungunda enekhompawundi esekwe kubhedu.
