Ngeli nqaku linomdla, uya kuba nakho ukwazi yonke into malunga nokuba yintoni eqhelekileyo Impahla de Mekhsikho, kumadoda nabafazi. Ungayeki ukuyifunda! kwaye ufumanise ukuba zeziphi izinxibo eziqhelekileyo zeminye imimandla yaseMexico.
Isinxibo esiqhelekileyo saseMexico ngokwengingqi
Izinxibo ezidumileyo zaseMexico kukuphumelela komanyano phakathi kwempucuko yemveli kunye neSpanishi, kunye nentsalela yamaIndiya, ama-Aztec, amaMayans kunye nezinye izizwe zemveli. Isinxibo esiqhelekileyo asimeleli kuphela inkcubeko yelizwe, kodwa kunye nemikhwa yabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60 eMexico.
Aguascalientes
I-Aguascalientes lilizwe laseMexico apho uMbono weSizwe waseSan Marcos ugqamile, oqhubeka minyaka le phakathi kwenyanga ka-Epreli noMeyi.
Ukhuphiswano lubanjelwe apho oluvuza eyona mpahla ibalaseleyo kwaye, ke ngoko, iimpahla ezibonwa kwitheko elikhankanyiweyo zezona zintsonkothileyo, ezimibalabala kwaye zinomtsalane. Babonisa isinxibo sabafazi, abangabo abachitha ixesha elininzi nabathatha inxaxheba kolu khuphiswano.
Nangona ungafumana ezona mpahla zininzi zahlukeneyo, isinxibo esiqhelekileyo senziwe nguJorge Campos Espino kwaye sithwele iintlobo ngeentlobo zemihombiso, okuthetha ukuba akukho nanye kwezi zinxibo zisweleyo iintlobo ngeentlobo zoyilo ezimele yonke into ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya kwiziqhamo, zonke ezo. esenziwe ngesandla. I-suit yabasetyhini ihlala inentamo ephakamileyo, imikhono ebanzi emagxeni kwaye iqinile kakhulu esinqeni.
Chiapas
Eyona mpahla imele iChiapas yile yaseChiapaneca, evela kumasipala waseChiapa de Corzo. Kuthiwa esi sinxibo, esenziwe ngeentyatyambo ezimibalabala kwimvelaphi emnyama okanye emnyama, ekuqaleni yayiyilwe njengendlela yokumela ihlathi kunye nezityalo zalo ezinomtsalane, apho imibala igqamayo.
I-costume iqukethe i-satin blouse ene-neckline ye-semicircular eshiya amahlombe evulekile. Inxalenye engezantsi, i-skirt, ihlotshiswe ngeentyantyambo ezinemibala, phakathi kwayo i-orange, i-pink, i-blue and white imibala iphambili.
Ukwenziwa kwesi sixhobo kufuna i-embroidery yeentyatyambo, intambo yesilika isetyenzisiweyo, ngoko ke inkqubo yokuvelisa ide kwaye ifuna umonde omkhulu.
I-quechquémitl nayo iyinto eqhelekileyo, uhlobo lwengubo okanye i-poncho ebekwe kwindawo ephezulu yomzimba kwaye intloko ifakwe kuyo.
Ikwaqaqambisa ilaphu kunye neepateni zelokhwe yomtshato yesintu evela kumasipala waseZinacantan, okwaseChiapas.
Chichen Itza
Indawo ye-archaeological ye-Chichen Itza ifumaneka kwi-Peninsula yaseYucatan kwaye iyinxalenye yelifa lemveli eliye lasinda kuze kube namhlanje.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abemi abangqongileyo banamasiko emveli aphuma kwinkcubeko yesizwe eye yagcinwa kulo mmandla.
Ngoko ke, iingubo zibonakaliswe ngeengubo apho kungekho kungabikho kwe-embroidery yeentyatyambo kunye nombala obanzi wombala kwimvelaphi emhlophe. Izambatho zabasetyhini ziyakwazi ukufumaneka ngemibala emininzi, kodwa zihlala zivelele kunye neyona nto iphambili: zifakwe esinqeni.
Guadalajara
Kwisixeko saseGuadalajara (eJalisco, eMexico), iimpahla zamadoda nezamabhinqa zibizwa ngokuba yi<em>charro suit, nangona eli gama lisaziwa kulo lonke ilizwe kuba ezi mpahla ziye zajikeleza ihlabathi.
Ngokubhekiselele kwibhinqa, liqukethe i-tangle yengubo, ubude bayo buphantse bufikelele emaqatheni. I-skirt ihlanganiswe ngee-embroidery ezenziwe nge-cross-stitch technique ngendlela yomgca kunye nemicu yemibala eyahlukeneyo.
Enye yamadoda ingaba yi-mariachi eqhelekileyo, emnyama, yongeza iinkcukacha zombala kwaye ibandakanya i-charro hat, okanye inokubandakanya uhlobo oluthile lwe-poncho eyenziwe ngoboya, i-llama, i-alpaca okanye enye ilaphu loboya. isilwanyana.
Le poncho inomngxuma embindini efakwa ngawo intloko kwaye idla ngokuba nemigca engqindilili okanye ezinye iipateni ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo.
Kwimvelaphi yayo, i-poncho, ngoku esetyenziswa kulo lonke elaseLatin America, yayisetyenziswa ngamaIndiya, i-mestizos, abamhlophe, i-gauchos, njl. kwaye isagcinwe nanamhlanje.
Hidalgo
E-Hidalgo, kukho iindawo ezintathu apho isazisi senkcubeko sihamba phambili esahlula izithethe kunye nezithethe zalo, phakathi kwazo iingubo ezibalaseleyo. Ke, sifumana imimandla emithathu eyahlukeneyo: iSierra Tepehua, iMezquital Valley kunye neHuasteca.
I-Tepehua liqela lobuhlanga elinempahla yemveli ebonakaliswe ngokuyilwa kwemozulu epholileyo, ngoko ke yingubo ehlala ibandakanya i-embroidery ebomvu, nangona intambo eluhlaza nayo ingasetyenziswa.
Malunga nentlambo yaseMezquital, isinxibo siyafana nesaseSierra Tepehua, kuba senziwe ngengubo, kodwa i-embroidery esisebenzisayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-pepenado kwaye inokufumaneka kwintambo emnyama nebomvu. , luhlaza, luhlaza, njl
Le ndlela yokuhombisa imele amaxabiso emveli anje ngeNahui Ollin okanye iChinicuil. Ekugqibeleni, ummandla weHuasteca uquka umntla weVeracruz, umzantsi weTamaulipas, iinxalenye zeSan Luis Potosí kunye neHidalgo, kunye neSierra Gorda yaseQuerétaro.
Le yokugqibela ilawulwa yimozulu eshushu nefumileyo ngaxeshanye, ngoko ke isinxibo esiqhelekileyo siqulathe iblowusi emhlophe enemikhono emifutshane apho imiluko emile okwentyatyambo ilukwe ngemibala engapheliyo.
Michoacán
Inkcubeko yelizwe laseMexico laseMichoacán yaziwa ngokuba yiTarascan okanye iPurépache inkcubeko, eyayisele ikhona kumaxesha angaphambi kweColumbian, malunga ne-1200 BC.
Ngoko ke, i-Purépechas yangoku inezithethe ezithile zemveli phakathi kwazo akukho nqongophala yempahla eqhelekileyo, umphumo wemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa eyenziwa ngabemi beli luntu.
Ukukhankanywa okukhethekileyo kufanelwe i-costume yabasetyhini, equkethe i-skirt kunye nehempe. Ngokuphathelele iziketi, kukho iindidi ezimbini:
- Sabanilla: luhlobo lwecanvasi exande eyenziwe ngoboya kwaye yalukwa ngesandla. Ububanzi bayo ekuqaleni yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala ngexesha lobusuku obubandayo basebusika, kungoko igama elithi sabanilla. Emini, le skirt isebenza njengengubo kwaye ivalwe esinqeni ngebhanti.
- Zagalejo: Iphinde yenziwe ngoboya kwaye ihluke kwi-sabanilla kuba inomqhaphu oqaqambileyo oqaqambileyo ngaphezulu, ohluke kwibhanti engezantsi, ekhanyayo ngombala.
Iihempe zinokufumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, nangona mhlawumbi eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yileyo igoqa phezu kwesifuba nasemva kwaye ihlotshiswe ngeenkcukacha ezimhlophe okanye ezinemibala.
Nayarit
AmaNdiya ase-Cora kunye nama-Huichol asigcinile isiko lawo kangangamawaka eminyaka, kwaye namhlanje isinxibo samadoda esiqhelekileyo saseNayarit seso se-Huichol, esivela kwinkcubeko yokuyila kunye nezakhono zobuchule bolu luntu lwemveli.
Abafazi bakaHuichol baziwa njengabaluki abagqwesileyo eMexico, ngenxa yezakhono zabo zobugcisa kunye nobugcisa bezandla, okukhokelela kwiingubo zoboya ezingaqhelekanga ezinoyilo olulodwa. I-suit yamadoda ibonakaliswe ngokusetyenziswa kwengubo emhlophe kunye nehempe, i-cuffs evulekile kwaye ihlotshiswe ngeepatheni ezilinganayo ngemibala eyahlukeneyo.
Ngokuphathelele ilokhwe yabasetyhini, iqulethe i-blouse yombala omnye oquka amanzi angaphandle nangaphakathi kwaye yongezwa i-cape egquma intloko kunye neentsimbi zomqala.
Oaxaca
Nangona zonke iimpahla eziqhelekileyo zaseMexico zibonakala ngokuba nemibalabala kakhulu, iimpahla ezinxitywa ngamabhinqa alo mmandla mhlawumbi zezona zimibalabala kuzo zonke. Kwezi lokhwe, umxube wezithethe zemveli kunye nobuchule bokwenza ubukoloniyali ziyadibana, ezifana neleyisi ye-bobbin okanye iFlemish Dutch, phakathi kwabanye.
Kwisithili saseJamiltepec ngokukodwa, iilokhwe zineesimboli ezininzi zemveli, ezifana nelanga, iinkwenkwezi kunye nezinye iimilo zejometri ezihlala zikhumbuza izigcawu okanye amacilikishe. I-skirt eqhelekileyo okanye egobileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-pozahuanco.
Puebla
Isinxibo esiqhelekileyo sokugqwesa kwabasetyhini kwiphondo lasePuebla saziwa ngokuba yi-china poblana, eyenziwe, phezulu, iblowusi emhlophe ene-low-cut-cut, ebonisa inxalenye yentamo kunye ne-bust. Umbala wayo umhlophe kwaye inomhombiso omibalabala, oqhele ukumila njengentyatyambo. Emazantsi, ibhinqa linxiba umbhinqo owaziwa ngokuba yibeaver, ngenxa yelaphu elenziwe ngalo.
Esi siketi, esinokuthiwa ngokuba yi-zagalejo, sinemigangatho emibini: okokuqala, umgangatho ophezulu, olinganisa malunga ne-25 cm kwaye yenziwe nge-calico okanye isihlalo esiluhlaza (esibizwa ngokuba yi-corte); okwesibini, umaleko ongaphantsi, ogutyungelwe ngeepatheni ze-sequin kwaye ufikelele emaqatheni.
Saltillo
Abemi baseSaltillo likomkhulu lelizwe laseCoahuila de Zaragoza kwaye isinxibo saso esiqhelekileyo samadoda samkelwa ngegama le-sarape okanye ijorongo.
Ludidi lweponcho ebisetyenziswa ukusukela kwimvelaphi yayo njengendawo yokuhlala, njengoko yenziwe ngentambo yomqhaphu okanye ngoboya begusha. Umsonto, njengakuzo zonke iimpahla eziqhelekileyo zaseMexico, zinemibala emininzi kwaye iipateni elukiweyo zizodwa kwaye zivuleleke kwintelekelelo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimpahla yabasetyhini, ibonakaliswe ngeebhulawuzi eziphothiweyo kunye neziqhekekileyo ezinokufumaneka kwimibala engapheliyo kunye ne-embroidery yeentyatyambo okanye ezinye iimilo zejometri.
Yucatán
I-suit yebhinqa yaseYucatan eqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-terno ngenxa yeziqwenga ezintathu ezizenzayo: i-fustán, i-huipil kunye ne-doublet. I-fustán (ebizwa ngokuba yi-pico ngesiMayan) yileyo isezantsi kwaye iquka uhlobo lwesiketi esilungelelaniswe esinqeni kwaye sifikelela ezinyaweni.
Esi siketi sibuyela kwixesha labasetyhini baseMeya. I-doublet yi-necklace yesikwere ebekwe kwi-huipil, eyona ilokhwe emhlophe ngokwayo. Ukongezelela, le mpahla igqitywe ngohlobo lwe-shawl ebizwa ngokuba yi-rebozo de Santa María kunye ne-filigree rosary, eyenziwe ngesandla ngabakhandi begolide baseYuctaec.
Veracruz
Isinxibo esiqhelekileyo saseVeracruz (eMexico) sigqame ngenxa yokuba umhlophe ulawula apho, nokuba kukwimeko yempahla yendoda okanye yabasetyhini, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-jarocho suit.
Ilokhwe yabasetyhini inesiketi eside, esibanzi esigqume amaqatha, kwaye kumbala omhlophe ongathathi hlangothi, i-lace okanye i-embroidery ithungwe ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. I-apron okanye i-apron ifakwe phezu kwesi siketi, esihlala simnyama, simdaka okanye si-burgundy kwaye ilaphu li-velvet.
Le apron inokuba neenkcukacha ezithungelweyo ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. Umphezulu unombala ofanayo kwaye unokuba okanye ungabi nayo imikhono.
Okokugqibela, ikwabandakanya ishawuli yesilika ehlala ityheli eneenkcukacha ezimhlophe kwaye inokuba nemiphetho okanye ezinye izinto zokuhombisa.
Isinxibo samadoda sona sona sinebhulukhwe emhlophe kunye nehempe yalo mbala, ekufuneka isoloko ineepokotho ezine (ezibizwa ngokuba ziingxowa zaloo ndawo) kunye neepleyiti ezine ngaphambili kunye nezinye ezintandathu ngasemva.
iimpahla eziqhelekileyo zaseMexico
Ukuba siyahamba, isinxibo esiqhelekileyo saseMexico kukudityaniswa kweenkcubeko zaseSpain kunye neenkcubeko zemveli ezinje ngama-Aztec, amaMayans kunye namanye amaqela okhokho bomthonyama. Isuti yakwaCharro yeyona imele ilizwe kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni, yayisahlula imeko yentlalo yabaqeshi nabasebenzi ababathembileyo kweyamanye amafama. Isuti iquka umnqwazi, ibhulukhwe, ihempe okanye ivesti, iibhutsi zeqakala, iqhina letshali, kunye nebhatyi.
Isinxibo samadoda esiqhelekileyo
Isinxibo samadoda esiqhelekileyo sesi sinxitywa ziicharros zaseMexico.
Isinxibo se-charro esiqhelekileyo: Isuti ye-charro yayinxitywa ngabanini-mhlaba kunye nabasebenzi ababathembileyo. Izinto ezifana ne-suede, uboya okanye ukudibanisa zombini zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwayo.
Zenzelwe ubomi bemihla ngemihla okanye ngeziganeko ezikhethekileyo. Imibala esetyenziswa kakhulu imbala, i-blue blue, i-brown, i-grey kunye ne-green eyomileyo echasene ne-frets kunye namaqhosha.
Isitayela sehempe sinokuba yikhola yasemkhosini, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "pachuqueña", okanye ikhola yoluntu eyaziwa ngokuba yi "collar esongiweyo". Imibala esetyenziselwa le mpahla imhlophe kunye nethambo. Ngokuphathelele iibhutsi abazinxibayo, kufuneka zibe nobusi, zibemdaka, okanye zibenombala wequnube.
Umnqwazi kaCharro: Umnqwazi ubonakaliswe ngobubanzi bawo kunye nokunyuka kwawo ngasemva. Ukulungiselela kwayo, iingcibi ezikhethekileyo zisebenzisa uboya beboya, iinwele zomvundla okanye iindiza zengqolowa. Yeyona ngubo ibalulekileyo yesuti ye-charro eqhelekileyo. Ihonjiswe ngeekhafu kunye nemiphetho ehonjisiweyo.
Isinxibo esiqhelekileyo sabasetyhini
Isinxibo esiqhelekileyo somfazi waseMexico siseTshayina Poblana. Esi sinxibo saseMexico sineempawu ezininzi ezaziyinxalenye yenkcubeko yaseNew Spain. Isinxibo saseTshayina Poblana senziwe:
- Ihempe emhlophe enomsebenzi oqhawukileyo kunye nesilika kunye nokuhonjiswa ngamaso. Yayinejometri kunye noyilo lweentyatyambo ngemibala eqaqambileyo.
- Isiketi esibizwa ngokuba yi-beaver, esasetyenzwa ngeesequins kunye ne-shrimp eyakha iipateni zejometri kunye neentyatyambo.
- Ezinye iimbotyi ezimhlophe, ezinamanqaku e-enchilada, oko kukuthi, kunye nomda ophantsi onomda we-lace yeepateni zegzag.
- Ibhanti eyayisetyenziselwa ukubophelela ibhiva neembotyi esinqeni somfazi oyinxibileyo.
- Babesebenzisa ityali ukuze bazikhusele kwingqele.
- Izicathulo ze-Satin eziboshwe ngeentambo zesilika. Ukongezelela, isinxibo sagqitywa ngeeperile namatye anqabileyo awayehombise iindlebe zakhe, isifuba esingenanto nezandla.
Isinxibo esiqhelekileyo ngokwemimandla
Ilizwe laseTamaulipas
Isuti yesikhumba yeTamaulipas: Yimpahla eqhelekileyo yaseMexico emele imeko yaseTamaulipas eMexico, eyenziwe ngesikhumba sethole okanye ixhama. Inomkrolo eluswini olumhlophe kunye neentyatyambo. Ezi zihombiso ziquka imiphetho emide kwimikhono, ngasemva, ngaphambili, nakwimiphetho. Idla ngokuba nedyasi yelizwe emqolo.
INgonyama Entsha
Impahla yokugqoka yabasetyhini iyafana naleyo isetyenziswe ngekhulu le-XNUMX: i-blouse kunye ne-skirt. Iblouse emhlophe, kwilaphu elithambileyo nelitsha njengedacron; isifuba sinemitya; imikhono ibanzi kwaye igudile; I-cashmere, uboya, isiketi esingangeni manzi okanye i-polyester, esinemibala emnyama okanye ekhanyayo.
Ikomityi yayo inesiseko seencakuba ezilishumi elinambini ezinemiphetho emithandathu efihlakeleyo; Ine-frets ezithandathu ezenziwe nge-chevron okanye i-tape evaliweyo kwaye igqiba umhlobiso ngamaqhosha amakhulu ahlanganiswe kunye nezinto ezifanayo njenge-fret. Isinxibo sihamba kunye neebhutsi okanye izicathulo ezimhlophe okanye ezimnyama.
Baja California
Eli lizwe lathiywa ngo-1952- njengenombolo 29 eMexico. Ukususela ngoko, irhuluneli yayifuna ukuba i-Baja California ibe nomhobe wesizwe, idyasi yengalo kunye nesinxibo esiza kuchonga lo mmandla. Ngaloo ndlela, ngoMatshi 4, 1994, kwahlatywa ikhwelo lokuba kukhethwe isinxibo esiqhelekileyo saloo mmandla.
26 iindibaniselwano ezikhuphisanayo. Phakathi kwabo, "i-Flower Cucapá", elawulwa nguMaría de la Cruz Pulido Vera, iphumelele uloyiso kwaye yalandelwa ngumfazi omncinci: uRosa María Rodríguez.
Esi sinxibo esiqhelekileyo saseMexico siqulathe ingubo enentamo ejikelezileyo, imikhono emfutshane kunye nesiketi esibanzi. Isambatho esipheleleyo sineenkcukacha ezifakelweyo ezifana ne-cacti kunye neentlanzi.
Baja California Sur
I-costume eqhelekileyo ye-Baja California del Sur, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Flor de Pitahaya", yadalwa ngo-1951. Le ngubo ye-Baja California Sur ibonakaliswe ngokuba mhlophe kakhulu, ngaphandle kwenxalenye yesiketi. Umva wenziwe nge-blouse emhlophe enemikhono emifutshane. Ikhola ibanzi kwaye i-V-shape ene-V iphuma ngaphandle, i-skirt ebanzi ibomvu kwaye ihlotshiswe ngeentyantyambo ezinkulu ezimhlophe ezixhunywe ngumnatha we-cacti enhle. Emazantsi kukho ifrill emhlophe kakhulu.
Campeche
Imvelaphi yengubo yengingqi yaseCampeche ibuyele kwimihla yaseNew Spain. Izinto ezenza le mpahla ziyimvelaphi yobukoloniyali kunye neMayan. Intsomi ithi isinxibo esiqhelekileyo sazalwa xa abaqeshi benika abasebenzi babo iimpahla ka-4 ngonyaka. La maxesha kwakungexesha le-carnival, imibhiyozo yaseSan Juan, iSan Román neLa Purísima Concepción.
Iimpahla ezinikezelwe ngabathengi yayizi "huipiles" kunye ne-calico okanye iziketi ze-chintz. Iibhulawuzi zeHuipile zizikwere. I-anyanisi kunye neentyantyambo zamathanga zihonjiswe entanyeni. I-skirt ine-underskirt emhlophe okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo: i-petticoat. Umncedi wempahla yayisisikhafu, kodwa ngoku kusetyenziswe ukuphuphuma kwe "Santa Maria".
ICoahuila
Ngokuphathelele i-trousseau yabasetyhini baseCoahuila, siyazi ukuba iingubo ezineengubo ezibanzi kunye neetoni ezikhanyayo kunye ezikhanyayo ezifana nephuzi, eluhlaza, emfusa, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njl. Iinkcukacha ezifana nemifanekiso edibeneyo yezityalo ezivela kummandla okanye izinto ezihlukeneyo zongezwa kwiingubo. Iisuti zamadoda ziquka ihempe yedenim kunye nejini ezuba. Bobabini amadoda kunye nabasetyhini banxiba iibhutsi ezinemikrolo emele isazisi sommandla wabo.
Colima
Kwilizwe laseColima, isinxibo esiqhelekileyo mhlawumbi ngenxa yeyona midaniso isenziwa kakhulu: eyokuloyisa. Lo mbhiyozo ukwabizwa ngokuba ngumthendeleko we; ii-capes, i-malinches, i-apaches okanye "iNtombikazi yaseGuadalupe".
Kanye ngexesha le-novena yeNtombi Enyulu yaseGuadalupe apho kunxitywa isinxibo esiqhelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ilokhwe emhlophe entle ehonjiswe nge "cross stitch". Kwicala elingasentla, umfanekiso weNtombi Enyulu uhonjisiwe. Iintyatyambo zihonjiswe kwi skirt. Ukwenza i-costume ibe yinto enhle ngakumbi, unokongeza i-veil edibeneyo kwaye uyigubungele ngentloko yakho.
Guanajuato
Isinxibo esiqhelekileyo saseGuanajuato saziwa ngokuba yi "Galereña". Igama libangelwa ngabasetyhini baseGalicia, ngegama lokuba basebenze emigodini okanye "iigalari". Aba bafazi babeqhekeza amatye ngaphandle kwemigodi. Oku kukunciphisa amatye ukuze aqhutywe lula.
Isinxibo seenqwelomoya sasitshintsha kwaye samkelwa njengesinxibo esiqhelekileyo sikarhulumente. Le mpahla yayiyilokhwe eyenziwe ngamaqhekeza amaninzi; isiketi sengubo esibizwa ngokuba yiZagalejo, phezu kwayo isiketi seflaneli esibomvu esihonjiswe ngoonxantathu abaluhlaza esinqeni.
Ukuba ufumene eli nqaku lempahla eqhelekileyo yaseMexico inomdla, siyakumema ukuba wonwabele ezi ezinye: