Ukuphuhliswa koluntu kugxininise ekufumaneni imithombo yendalo engqongileyo, isetyenziswe njengezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweemveliso eziyimfuneko kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo ezijoliswe ekukhuselweni kwezibonelelo zasekwa, kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kufunda malunga neenzuzo kunye nokungalunganga kophuhliso oluzinzileyo kuluntu.
Uphuhliso oluphathekayo
Imithombo yendalo imele zonke ezo mpahla zifumaneka kwindalo esingqongileyo, zijongwa njengenye yemithombo ephambili yezinto ezifunyanwa ngumntu kuphuhliso nokusetyenziswa eluntwini. Kuyaziwa ngokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kobu butyebi, okubangela ukuwohloka kwendalo kunye nokulahleka kwenkqubo yendalo. Ngoko ke, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemithetho ivela ukwenzela ukugcinwa kwayo, ezinye zeenkcazo ezisetyenziswe kulo mzekelo luphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ligama elibhekisa ekukwazini ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoluntu ekusetyenzisweni kobutyebi bendalo, kusetyenziswa uluhlu lwamanyathelo kulawulo olusebenzayo lwazo zonke. Ngenjongo yokugcina ulungelelwaniso lwendalo phakathi komntu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo luzalwa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kobutyebi bendalo, ngaphandle kokuzinikela ekufumanekeni kwabo kwizizukulwana ezizayo, oku kubalelwa kukusilela kolawulo ekufumaneni izibonelelo, izenzo ezitshabalalisayo zabantu kunye neenkqubo zokungcolisa. Ukongeza kokungawahloniphi amaxesha ayimfuneko okuhlaziya okusingqongileyo okunjengomhlaba, iintlobo zezityalo, amanzi, phakathi kwezinye.
Ukugawulwa kwemithi, kuqulethwe yinkqubo yokusika kunye nokulandela imithi yokucaciswa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo, olu hlobo loqheliselo luthathwa njengomsebenzi ozinzileyo logama nje ukuphindwa kwakhona kweentlobo ezisikiweyo zenziwa. Ngaphandle koko, ngokufunyanwa kweoli, ayithathwa njengomsebenzi ozinzileyo, ekubeni ioli engcolileyo ayinalo ixesha lokuvuselela ngokukhawuleza kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo, ngoko ke, imigaqo-nkqubo imiselwe ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi.
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lubhekiselele kwiseti yemigaqo-nkqubo esetyenziswa ngamazwe ukugcina ubutyebi bendalo nokuqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kwabo kwiminyaka ezayo. Kukho izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwale ndlela yokusebenza, eza kuchazwa apha ngezantsi.
Inzuzo
Eyona njongo iphambili yophuhliso oluzinzileyo kukulondoloza iindawo zokuhlala zendalo zeplanethi, ngolawulo lwemiba yezoqoqosho, yezentlalo nezokusingqongileyo; ngenjongo yokuvelisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezizinzileyo eziya kubonelela ngemekobume efanelekileyo yezinto eziphilayo. Ijoliswe ngokuthe ngqo koorhulumente belizwe ngalinye, imisela imiqathango yoxanduva nokwazisa bonke abemi balo.
Ezi zibonelelo zibonelela ngenguquko yezoqoqosho ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa indalo, zisebenzisa izenzo ezinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolisayo, ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokugcina iintlobo zendalo, kodwa ukugcina ukufikelela kumandla acocekileyo nasebenzayo ngokulinganayo. Ngale ndlela, ikamva elingcono liqinisekiswa ngokuthintela ubutyebi bendalo ukuba buphele okanye buhlaziywe ngokufanelekileyo.
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lukhoyo kwizigqibo eziphambili zamaqumrhu karhulumente, njengokusekwa kwemithetho yolawulo lwe-oyile ekrwada, yokulahlwa kwamanzi amdaka, phakathi kwezinye. Kodwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, izigqibo ezinxulumene nophuhliso oluzinzileyo zenziwa, njengokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, ukutyalwa kwezityalo, phakathi kwabanye. Yonke le misebenzi ezinzileyo igxile kwintuthuzelo kunye nentlalontle yoluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Omnye wemisebenzi yophuhliso oluzinzileyo kukukhetha indawo oza kuseka kuyo ikhaya lakho okanye indawo yokuhlala, iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, kuba ichaphazela indlela yokuphila yomntu ngamnye; Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuthuthuzela, ukuzola kunye nokufikelela kwiimeko ezingcono kakhulu zobomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa ngaphandle kokungabandakanyi indawo engqongileyo.
Ezinye izizwe ziye zaphuhlisa imilinganiselo ezinzileyo, ingakumbi loo mazwe aphuhlileyo, enye yezi ziqalo ziiflethi ezizinzileyo, ezilungele ukukhangela impilo-ntle yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo, ehambelana nolwakhiwo olwakhiwe ngokuthathela ingqalelo ubume obujikelezileyo. Ezinye zezibonelelo zayo zezi zilandelayo ukuze ziqaqambise:
- Ukonga amanzi
Iiflethi ezizinzileyo zakhiwe ngeevalvu zokonga amanzi, zinenkqubo yokuqokelela amanzi emvula kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi angwevu, le yokugqibela isetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokukhupha amanzi okuhlambela.
- Ukonga amandla
Ziyilelwe ukuba zibambe elona xabiso likhulu lokukhanya kwelanga, oku kungenxa yohlobo lwendawo apho iziseko zayo zikhoyo, ithanda ukungena komoya kuzo zonke iikona zayo.
- Uqhagamshelwano lweDolophu
Ikhabhon diokside (CO2) evela kwizinto zothutho, ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zingcolisayo ezichaphazela umaleko we-atmospheric. Ke ngoko, iziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo zibekwe kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amacandelo asezidolophini omsebenzi, ezempilo kunye nolonwabo. Ngale ndlela, ukusetyenziswa kwemoto kancinci kuyakhuthazwa, ukonga ixesha kunye nokungcolisa kancinci.
- Ukuzola
Badala indawo epholileyo epholileyo ye-acoustic, ekuvumela ukuba ulibale malunga nokuphithizela kwesixeko esibangela ingxolo kunye nongcoliseko olubonakalayo, olukhokelela kuxinzelelo kunye neengxaki zempilo.
- Ukhathalelo lwempilo
Ezinye zezindlu ezizinzileyo zineendawo eziluhlaza, i-spas kunye ne-gym; ukuthanda impilo yomntu ngamnye ngokwenza imithambo yonke imihla.
- Inzala eyinzuzo
Imisebenzi ezinzileyo izalisekisa umsebenzi wabo ngokugcina ixabiso labo ixesha elide, ngoko ke, ezi ziseko zisebenzisa izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nokuqina okude, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lokuhlala kunye nokuhlangabezana neemeko ezifunwayo zokusingqongileyo.
- Yinyamekele imeko-bume
Kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezigxile kolu hlobo lolwakhiwo, oluthobela umthetho onxulumene nemiba yokusingqongileyo, enye yezona zinto ziphambili kukusebenzisa izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinempembelelo ephantsi yendalo; ngaphezu kokwenza izindlu kumacandelo akufutshane, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwezothutho kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola kokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dioxide.
Iingxaki
Ukungalungi kophuhliso oluzinzileyo lulele kwimveliso yehlabathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabantu okuchasene nemithetho esekelwe kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezidalwe ngomgaqo ozinzileyo, zinenjongo encomekayo yokusingqongileyo kodwa zibonakalisa imiqobo ethile, echazwe ngezantsi.
- Ukwenza utshintsho lweziseko ezingundoqo, utshintsho kwimikhwa kunye nokwahluka kweenkqubo zemizi-mveliso kunokuba yindleko enkulu kwiinkampani nakumazwe.
- Ukungaqeshwa kweminye imimandla, imizi-mveliso inokuchatshazelwa kukungakwazi ukufumana isixa esiqhelekileyo sezibonelelo, ukusebenza ngokuyinxenye okanye ukushwabana ngokupheleleyo, okubangela ipesenti ephezulu yokungaqeshwa.
- Ukuzinikela okubuthathaka, ukuthatha inxaxheba koluntu, amaqumrhu karhulumente kunye noosomashishini kuyimfuneko; ukuba yinto engazalisekanga ngokupheleleyo, ekubeni iziphumo zifumaneka kwixesha elide.
- Ukutshintsha kwengqondo, kufuna utshintsho kuluntu lwemikhwa yalo kunye nendlela yokuphila yolondolozo lwendalo.
IiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo
Kukho izivumelwano kunye neeforamu ukwenzela ukuba kubekho indlela ezinzileyo ngokubhekiselele kwimithombo yendalo, ngoko ke, isethi yemigaqo esisiseko echazwe kwi-Agenda ye-2030 yasekwa, echazwe ngezantsi:
- Ukunciphisa intlupheko nendlala kumazwe angathathi ntweni.
- Nikela ubomi obunempilo kunye nokhuseleko kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni.
- Sebenzisa imfundo esemgangathweni, uthathele ingqalelo umsebenzi owaneleyo wezoqoqosho.
- Ukufikelela kuzo zonke iinkonzo ezisisiseko (amanzi, umbane, igesi, phakathi kwezinye) eziyimfuneko kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Ukuqhawula iinkolelo zezentlalo kunye nokukhuthaza ukulingana ngokwesini.
- Ukubonelela ngofikelelo kumandla acocekileyo nangangcolisi.
- Nikeza iinguqulelo ezintsha kwiinkampani kwindawo yokusingqongileyo.
- Yiba neziseko ezingundoqo ezizinzileyo kwizixeko ezininzi noluntu.
- Gcina imveliso enoxanduva kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo.
- Khusela ubomi beentlobo zaselwandle kunye nokugcina iimeko ze-ikhosistim.
- Ukukhuthaza umanyano ukuphumeza zonke iinjongo eziyimfuneko phakathi kwamazwe kunye namaziko.
Amazwe abandakanyeka kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo
Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo sisihloko esiqhutywa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yoluntu, ebandakanya amashishini, iinkampani kunye noluntu oluvela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoku, i-Environmental Performance Index (EPI) yasekwa. Sisalathiso esithathela ingqalelo yonke imiba yokuba sisizwe esiluhlaza.Phakathi kwamazwe agqamayo kwinkqubela phambili yawo kubuchule obuzinzileyo yiSwitzerland, iOstreliya, iLuxembourg, iSingapore, iJamani, iSpain, iCzech Republic, iOstriya, iSweden. kunye neNorway..
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo:
Iindidi zokuNgcoliseka kwendalo
Iindidi zeZityalo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Zisebenza njani iiphaneli zelanga