Ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu ongcoliseko olukhoyo ehlabathini, kuye kwavezwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha ukunciphisa ukuwohloka kwesijikelezi-langa somhlaba, njengamandla ahlaziyekayo, agqalwa njengamandla acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo kwimekobume, kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kwazi Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zamandla omoya njengodidi lwamandla akhuselekileyo kokusingqongileyo.
Yintoni Amandla?
Igama elithi amandla ligama elinokuba nenani elikhulu leentsingiselo, apho limele amandla umzimba onokuthi ube nawo ukwenza intshukumo, ikwayileyo ishukumayo ukwenza umsebenzi, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi. Ukutshintsha inkcazo yayo ukuba ibonwa kwimbono yefiziksi, iteknoloji, ikhemistri ebandakanya inani elikhulu leenkcazo ezimele emhlabeni.
Igama elithi amandla livela kwisiGrike ngamandla elithetha amandla esenzo okanye amandla omsebenzi. Namhlanje ligama elibaluleke kakhulu kuba umntu uphuhlise isethi yetekhnoloji enoxanduva lokuguqula ubutyebi bendalo ukuze bafumane, baguqule kwaye basebenzise amandla ayimfuneko ekusetyenzisweni koluntu kwimihla yabo. Ukusetyenziswa kwala mandla kuye kwaba nefuthe eliphezulu elihle kodwa elibi lokusingqongileyo, livelisa ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kobutyebi.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ziye zasetyenziswa njengemithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo enokuvelisa impembelelo enkulu yokusingqongileyo njengamalahle, igesi yendalo, ioli kunye nabanye. Olu hlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo lugqama njengamandla elanga, amandla okwenziwa ngolwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi, amandla omoya, phakathi kwezinye.
Amandla e-eolic
Amandla omoya ngamandla ahlaziyekayo anoxanduva lokuba nenzuzo enkulu evela kwimisinga yomoya, elungiswa abe ngumbane kwaye ngaloo ndlela ekwazi ukukhawulelana nemfuno yoluntu lonke ngaphandle kokuvelisa naluphi na uhlobo longcoliseko kokusingqongileyo, kodwa ukwasebenzisana ekunciphiseni indalo esingqongileyo impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwaye isebenzisana noqoqosho nokugcinwa kakuhle.
Ihambelana nelinye lawona mandla asetyenziswayo avuselelekayo kwiplanethi yonke, ithathwa njengenye yeemodeli eziphambili zolondolozo lwendalo, enefuthe eliphezulu elizinzileyo kwiintlanga. Injongo yalo kukufumana inzuzo yomoya kunye nokuthatha inzuzo yentshukumo yekinetic yazo zonke izihlwele zomoya de iguqulwe ibe amandla omatshini kwaye ikwazi ukuvelisa umbane oxabisekileyo.
Ekuqaleni yayiluhlobo lwamandla olwalungasetyenziswanga kakhulu ngenxa yokuba lwaluxhomekeke kwiinketho zejografi, lufakwe kwiindawo apho imisinga yomoya yayithandwa, njengemimandla yonxweme, iintlango, iintaba, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi; kodwa okwangoku i-3% yokusetyenziswa kombane wehlabathi kungolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe, ngethemba lokuba kwixesha elizayo unokugubungela kakhulu kwaye ulungelelaniswe nemimandla eyahlukeneyo yejografi, kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuyimfuneko ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla omoya.
Izinto eziluncedo okanye iiNzuzo zaMandla oMoya
Amandla omoya anokuthathwa njengohlobo olutsha lwamandla angenazo iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukuqaqambisa zonke iingenelo amandla omoya anazo njengomthombo wamandla kwiplanethi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba inokuvuselelwa kwaye iqinisekisa ukukhathalelwa kokusingqongileyo, ngenxa yokungabi nasidingo sokutshisa ii-hydrocarbons kunye nokutshiswa kweefosili, izibonelelo ezibonakaliswe ngezantsi ziphawulwe ngezantsi:
Amandla ahlaziyekayo nacocekileyo
Ithathwa njengohlobo lwamandla umgaqo wayo ulele kwimiba ye-atmospheric kunye nemitha yelanga echaphazelekayo, olu hlobo lomgaqo-siseko lunoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho hlobo lokukhutshwa kwerhasi ngokubhekiselele kucwecwe lwe-ozone, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. ukungathathi nxaxheba kungcoliseko lwenkqubo yokuguqula amandla. Ukwenza kube luhlobo olunenzuzo kakhulu lwamandla kwiplanethi yomhlaba kunye nendalo eyahlukeneyo eyingqongileyo, kuba i-raw material ngumoya, ithathwa njengento engapheliyo kwaye ingapheli.
Ukuzithathela ingqalelo njengohlobo lwamandla acocekileyo kuba akadli ngokuthatha inxaxheba nalo naluphi na uhlobo lwenkunkuma enetyhefu yendalo esingqongileyo, xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zangoku zokufumana amandla, ngokutshiswa kwee-hydrocarbons, ukuvelisa isixa esikhulu senkunkuma kunye nelahleko. i-ikhosistim.. Ngoko ke, luhlobo lwamandla olungasebenzisani nokufudumala kwehlabathi, eyona nto ixhalabisa kakhulu kuluntu kwizizukulwana ezizayo kunye nokuwohloka okukhulu okuya kubonwa kwindalo.
Ilungele nasiphi na isithuba
Amandla omoya angaqhelana naso nasiphi na indawo kwaye angalungeli naluphi na uhlobo lwenjongo, kwanezo ndawo zinemozulu embi kakhulu njengeentlango kwaye zide zithathe inxaxheba kuzo zonke iintlobo zemihlaba ekhoyo kwiplanethi yomhlaba, nkqu nezo zisetyenziswa njengezityalo zemfuyo. iintlobo. Ekuphela kwento efunwa lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe kukugcina ukunxibelelana rhoqo nomoya kunye nemisinga yomoya ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Faka ngokukhawuleza
Itekhnoloji yamandla omoya ayinabo ubunzima obukhulu, ngoko ayifuni buchule bukhethekileyo bokwenza uguqulo lwamafutha, ifuna kuphela ubukho bezixhobo zasemoyeni kwimiphakamo eyahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala kwindawo oyifunayo kwaye uzinzile.
Amakhaya azenzelayo
Inguquko yamandla omoya iye yavumela ukuba isetyenziswe kunye nezinye iintlobo zamandla ahlaziyekayo afana nelanga, elinoxanduva lokuxhamla amakhaya kwaye alifuni ntlobo yoqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi ukubonelela ngombane, usebenzisa nje iiphaneli eziyimfuneko.
amandla aphantsi
Ihambelana nohlobo lwamandla olunokuba nexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kuba imveliso esetyenziswayo ngumoya nje, ngoko ke inenzuzo enkulu njengomthombo wamandla, xa kuthelekiswa namandla akudala, inokuthathwa njengomthombo wokonga.
Ayinakuphela
Ngenxa yokuba luhlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo, isebenzisa umoya njengento ekrwada, yiyo loo nto ingumthombo othathwa njengongenasiphelo kwaye ungapheli, kuba ngowona mthombo uphambili wamandla, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ayinalo ixesha lokuphelelwa kwexesha kunye nobomi obude bokufumana okuninzi kwithekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo, ngoko ke, zihlala zifakwe kumacandelo anemisinga yomoya enamandla kunye nokuvezwa okukhulu kwimimoya, ngale ndlela iziphumo ezinokuthi zifumaneke.
Segura
Luhlobo lwamandla olungavelisi naluphi na uhlobo lokungcola, ngoko aluvelisi naluphi na uhlobo lwempembelelo kwi-ozone layer kwaye luqinisekisa ukuba aluvelisi naluphi na uhlobo lweengozi ezifana nokuchithwa, ukuvuza kwegesi okanye ukuqhuma.
Iifama zomoya
Iinkqubo zamandla omoya zithathwa njengeepaki ezinamacangci ajikelezayo rhoqo. Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zokuqhuba uphuhliso lweepaki zemixholo kukuba kulula kakhulu ukuyifaka kwaye iyakwazi ukusebenzisana ekudaleni amandla ayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela inqande iinkqubo ze-bureaucratic ukwenza lula amandla afunekayo.
Impembelelo yoMhlaba
Uninzi lwetekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo esekelwe ekutshisweni kwee-hydrocarbons kunye nokutsalwa kweefosili ngokuqhelekileyo zingcolisa kakhulu, zichaphazela kakhulu umhlaba ukuya kwinqanaba lokuwenza ulahlekelwe ukuchuma kwawo. Ngoko ke, amandla omoya abonakaliswe ngokungabonisi naluphi na uhlobo lwempembelelo okanye umonakalo, kodwa kunoko ukugcina iimeko zendalo kwaye ngaphandle kokuvelisa naluphi na uhlobo lwenkunkuma.
Uyigcinile imithombo yamanzi
Lilo elijongene nokugcina zonke izixokelelwano ze-aquifer ngokuhlonipha i-biodiversity ekhoyo kunye nokugcinwa kolwelo oluxabisekileyo, oku kungenxa yokuba ayivelisi naluphi na uhlobo lokungcolisa njengenkunkuma. Ke ngoko, ayitshintshi ukubunjwa kwamanzi kwindawo yonke, iluncedo kakhulu kugcino lwamanzi amaninzi kunye nabo bonke oovimba bamanzi kunye nayo yonke imixube yendalo ephilayo.
Ukufakwa eLwandle
Imimandla engaselunxwemeni imele enye yeendawo eziphambili apho umoya omkhulu ufunyanwa khona, ngoko ke iipaki zemixholo ziyakhuthazwa ukuba zakhe apho ngaloo njongo, ukongeza ekubeni nempembelelo yembonakalo enkulu kunye nokuvelisa ubutyebi bezoqoqosho obunqwenelekayo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo. Namhlanje, kukho amazwe athile afake ezi teknoloji kwiindawo ezithile zokuvelisa umbane kumacandelo athile kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kombane kwizixeko.
Izinto ezingeloncedo okanye iingxaki zamandla omoya
Njengayo nayiphi na imveliso okanye ubuchwephesha obusetyenzisiweyo, izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga abanokuthi baziveze kufuneka zihlale ziboniswa, nangona amandla omoya luhlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye ne-ecology, banenjongo yokuvelisa eyona mpembelelo incinci inokwenzeka kokusingqongileyo nakwindalo. umaleko we-atmospheric, unokuba nezinto ezingeloncedo ezithile ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa uqalwa ukusebenzisa amandla omoya, ngoku sifunde apha ngezantsi ezinye zezona zithintelo eziphambili ezinokubonwa kumandla omoya:
Ukunqongophala koKhuseleko loMoya
Obunye ubunzima obuphambili bamandla omoya kukuba ayingawo onke amacandelo anomoya olungileyo wokusetyenziswa njengemathiriyeli ekrwada eguqulwe ibe ngamandla ombane. Ngoko ke, umoya yinto engalindelekanga kwaye akukho lula kakhulu ukulawula, kunye nokutshintsha rhoqo, okwenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa njengomthombo wokuvelisa umbane oqhubekayo. Ukwenza ukuba ibe yindlela engazinzanga kakhulu kwaye elula yamandla kwiinkampani, amashishini okanye amashishini.
Ngoko ke, umoya awukajongwa njengomthombo othembekileyo we-100% wokuvelisa umbane, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba nenkxaso esebenzayo yawo onke amandla aqhelekileyo kwaye ngendlela ehlaziyiweyo, ukuxhasa amandla omoya kunye nokubaluleka kwawo.
isantya sinomda
Amandla omoya afikelela ekubeni abe nomda kwaye sisantya apho ujongise khona ukuba nobona buninzi kunye nobuncinci, oku kungenxa yokuba umonakalo unokubangelwa kwi-iturbine kunye nakwi-shaft. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kubekho inkqubo yokulawula enokuthi idibane ngqo neeinjini zomoya kunye nenkqubo ye-blade, ilawula isantya apho iiblades zijikeleza, ngale ndlela iteknoloji igcinwa kwaye ixesha lokusebenza liqinisekisiwe. ubomi bayo.
Yakha imigca yamandla ombane aphezulu
Kuba iyinkqubo eza kube idala amandla, kufuneka ibe nenkqubo yamandla ombane aphezulu epheleleyo enokwalathisa yonke inkqubo yombane esetyenziswayo, ikwazi ukwalathisa onke amandla akhoyo kwicandelo.
Oku kuthetha iMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zabo ezinkulu xa zivelisa umbane, zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kunye nokufa kwiintaka kwaye ngakumbi kumalulwane, ukuba nempembelelo ephezulu yokubona, ukuvelisa impembelelo enkulu kwizilwanyana zomhlaba.
Bahlala kwiindawo ezinkulu
Kucetyiswa ukuba zonke iiinjini zomoya kufuneka zahlulwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze kufumaneke inzuzo efunekayo kwaye zisetyenziselwe ezinye iinjongo.
UCwangciso lokuQokelelwa kwamandla
Le teknoloji idibene ngokupheleleyo nemozulu, apho ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka umoya womoya unokuncitshiswa kwaye kwamanye amaxesha onyaka ugqithise, ngoko ke kufuneka kubekho ucwangciso lokulawula ukufikelela kwamandla.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo
Imithombo yomoya yaziwa ngokuba ziifama zomoya apho ifakelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo, apho igubungela iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba kwaye iguqule imbonakalo yomhlaba kwaye ibonakale ifikelela kuyo yonke indalo ebangqongileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba iincakuba zee turbines zomoya zihlala zibangela iintaka. ukubhijela nokufa, okuchaphazela iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka zomthonyama.
Ungcoliseko lwengxolo
Amandla omoya aphum’ izandla ekusebenziseni ii-injini zomoya eziziincakuba ezinkulu ezigcinwa zishukuma ngokuqhubekayo ngamandla omoya, zifana kakhulu nezingqusho ezazisetyenziswa kumaxesha amandulo; ke olu hlobo lobuchwepheshe ludla ngokuvelisa ingxolo enkulu. Ke ngoko, okukhona lilikhulu inani leeinjini zomoya ezifakelweyo, kokukhona ingxolo enkulu ibangelwayo, eza kuthathwa njengongcoliseko lwengxolo.
Iindleko eziphezulu zoFakelo kunye noLondolozo
Ingxaki enkulu yetekhnoloji yindleko ephezulu yezixhobo, ngoko ukufikelela kwezi zixhobo zihlala kumazwe aphuhlileyo abonelelwa ngamashishini amakhulu, ngoko ke akukho nkampani iya kubanga ukuba iyihlawulele, inciphisa oorhulumente abeza ukuyifumana. . Ukongeza, ukugqamisa ukugcinwa kunokufuna isixa esikhulu semali kunye notyalo-mali kwiingcali kwindawo, kuqaqambisa into yokuba kukho iingcali ezimbalwa ezikhethekileyo kumandla omoya.
ayicocekanga kangako
Inokuthi ithathwe njengenkqubo ecocekileyo ngokupheleleyo kuba ayivelisi naluphi na uhlobo lwenkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma, ngoko ke impembelelo yayo yokusingqongileyo iphantsi kakhulu. Kule meko, kufuneka siqaqambise inkqubo yokusebenzisa ukuveliswa kweeinjini zomoya ezivelisa inkunkuma, zibe zizinto ezivelisa impembelelo ephezulu yokusingqongileyo kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwazo inokungcoliseka kakhulu.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo:
Ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungekho ngqiqweni
Izisombululo zoNgcoliseko loMoya