Ukulinywa kwegadi yenye yezinto eziphambili ezenziwayo kuphuhliso kunye nolawulo lwezityalo kwiigadi, apho izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule zisetyenziselwa unyango olulungileyo lwemihlaba kunye nezityalo, phakathi kwazo iPeat ivelele, engeyonto ngaphandle kwesichumiso. izityalo, kweli nqaku siza kukufundisa ukuba yintoni iPeat kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo.
i-peat
Ukulima yenye yeenkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu ukugcina izityalo zabo, umhlaba kunye nezinye. Konke oku ngokusetyenziswa kobuchule kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko ukondla ngokuchanekileyo ubutyebi bendalo kamama ngamanye amaxesha ezichatshazelwa ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu nezendalo ezinokuchaphazela ukukhula okufanelekileyo kwezinye izityalo, phakathi kwazo ukusetyenziswa kwento eyaziwa ngokuba i-peat.
I-Peat ihambelana ne-substrate esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukulima naluphi na uhlobo lwesityalo. Igama layo livela kwi-generic yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinoxanduva lokuqhubeka nokubola kwemifuno, kuxhomekeke ngokucacileyo kwimvelaphi okanye uhlobo lwezinto, ukongeza kukwaphenjelelwa ziimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ngexesha lokubunjwa kwayo, ziya kuba nefuthe. ukubola kwezinto.
Iidiphozithi ze-Peat zaziwa njenge-peat bogs, zihambelana nezitya ze-lacustrine ezinemvelaphi ye-glacial, ngokuhamba kwexesha ziqulethe izinto zezityalo ezibolileyo okanye zingafana ne-peat yamanzi. Ihambelana nemidiya ye-anaerobic, ngenxa yokufuma kwayo okugqithileyo kunye nokusilela kwayo kwe-oxygen, ebangela ukuba i-organic matter ibole ngokuyinxenye.
Isichumiso esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje kuba sinoqoqosho oluphezulu, ngaphezu kokuba neemeko ezifanelekileyo zomhlaba ezifana nokugcina ukufuma kunye nokubonelela ngeeminerali eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezityalo, yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa kakhulu egadini.
Ukwakhiwa kwePeat
Kufuneka sigxininise ukuba i-peat bogs ihambelana nokuqokelelwa kwezinto eziphilayo kodwa oku kwenzeka kuphela xa izinga lokuqokelelwa linokuthi ligqithise izinga lokumbiwa kweeminerali, konke oku kungenxa yokuba zenziwe kwiimeko ezingavumelaniyo ne-biodegradation. izinto eziphilayo; ihambelana nokwakheka kwentlenga eqokelelana ngokugqithisileyo ngenxa yokufuma kunye nokusilela kweoksijini, ke ngoko, i-organic matter ibola ngokuyinxenye.
Izityalo zinobomi obufutshane obulindelekileyo, zikhula ngenxa yenzuzo enikezelwa ngumhlaba de isityalo senziwa ngokupheleleyo, ngokuhamba kwexesha amagqabi, iintyatyambo kunye neziqu zilahlekelwa yimeko yazo, ziwela emhlabeni kwaye ngenxa yoko. ubukho beentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokungunda kunye nezifo ezibolisayo, ngokuqhelekileyo olu hlobo lwento lunokufumaneka kwimigxobhozo, kwimigxobhozo okanye kwindawo ethile ethanda umsebenzi we-microbial.
Ngokwesiqhelo kwezi ntlobo zeendawo iimeko zinqongophele kakhulu, ngoko ke ukwakheka kwepeat kwezi ntlobo zeemeko kucotha okanye kunqabile, ngoko ke kuthatha iminyaka ukwenza kwaye ufikelele kubukhulu obufunwayo. Ukwenza ukuba inkqubo icothe kakhulu, ngoko ukuqokelelwa kwentlenga kunokuba nomyinge omalunga neshumi kwikhulu leminyaka.
Ukuqulunqwa kwePeat
I-Peat ihambelana ne-substrate esetyenziswa njenge-organic fertilizer ukutyebisa umhlaba kunye nokuthanda umhlaba kunye nokukhula kwezityalo ezilinywayo, oku kungenxa yokuba inenani elikhulu lezinto zondlo ezidla ngokuthandwa kakhulu sisichumisi se-NKP. (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium) enokusetyenziswa kunye ne-earthworm humus.
Phakathi kweempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-peat kukuba inonxibelelwano oluphezulu lwe-cationic, oluchatshazelwa kakhulu yi-pH, ene-acidic phakathi kwe-3 okanye i-4 (i-blond peat) naphakathi kwe-7,5 kunye ne-8 (i-peat emnyama), ngaphezu kokuba ne-peat enkulu. Umthamo wogcino lwamanzi, unezithuba eziphakamileyo zemingxuma zokufumba kwezinto ezifunwayo, nto leyo evumela ukujikeleziswa kakuhle kwemisinga yomoya kunye nokutsalwa kwamanzi kwiingcambu zesityalo.
Iintlobo zePeat
I-Peat ingasetyenziswa njengesichumiso esifunwa kakhulu ngabantu ukwenza isitiya kunye nokuqhuba naluphi na uhlobo lwesityalo. Ibalaselisa inyaniso yokuba iimeko zemozulu ezinje ngokubanda okugqithisileyo, ubushushu obuphantsi, izinga eliphantsi lokusasazeka kwemitha kunye namaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo, kunokubangela ukulahleka kwesakhamzimba, i-asidi ye-pH, kunokubangela ukuhlanjwa kwezinto ezithile kwaye kuthande ukuvela kweentlobo.
Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukwazi uhlobo lwepeat kunye nomhlaba oza kusetyenziswa kuwo, ngenxa yoko, iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zepeat kufuneka zigxininiswe ngezantsi:
Ipeat emnyama
Luhlobo lwepeat eyenziwe kwiindawo ezisezantsi ezityebileyo kwiziseko (pH phakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-8). Zibolile, ke ngoko, umbala wazo uthande ukuba mnyama mdaka uphantse ube mnyama. Olu hlobo lwe-peat alunazo izondlo, ngoko lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukukhulisa zonke iintlobo zezityalo ezifana nemifuno, kunye neentyatyambo kunye neminye imithi; Oku kungenxa yokuba ivumela ukukhula kakuhle kwezityalo.
Kuthathwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-organic component ukuba isetyenziswe kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo inokukhutshwa kwezinye iindawo ze-peat kunye nemvelaphi yeentlobo zomhlaba waseLatvia. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhedi zembewu
Ipeat ebomvu
I-blond peat yaziwa ngokuba yi-peat ephezulu, kuba yenziwe kwiindawo ezishinyeneyo zemigxobhozo efumaneka kwiimeko zobushushu obuphantsi, nokukhanya okuncinci kakhulu kwelanga kunye neemvula ezihlala rhoqo, ngokufutshane, zivela kwindawo epholile kakhulu kwaye imvula eninzi; Ngenxa yako konke oku, olu hlobo lwe-substrate luhlupheke kakhulu kwizondlo.
I-pH yayo i-asidi phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-4, iyakwazi ukubonisa ukufuma okuphezulu, okuthandeka kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezityalo, kuba izondlo zivumela ukuba zikhule ngaphandle kweengxaki, zikhetha inyani yokufaka i-asidi yomhlaba, eya kuba mnandi kakhulu. luncedo ekukhuleni kwezityalo ezithanda iasidi, kuquka iimaphu zaseJapan kunye nezaleas. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba olusetyenziswe kwintsimi okanye embizeni, apho kuphela i-40% ye-blonde peat ijwayele ukusetyenziswa.
I-peat eblond ibonakaliswe ngokubonelela ngenani elikhulu leenzuzo zesityalo, phakathi kweempawu zayo eziphambili isibakala sokugcina izondlo zivelele, ngaphezu kokubonelela ngeqondo lomoya wokuyilwa kweentlobo zezityalo. Ukongeza, baneempawu ezinqabileyo eziza kuvumela isityalo ukuba sandise iingcambu zaso ngaphandle kweengxaki kwaye ngaloo ndlela sithathe zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwayo.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uxube olu hlobo lwepeat kunye ne-substrates ezomeleza iimpawu zayo kunye neempawu zokuqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle kwesityalo siphela kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe iimeko zemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso eza kufunyanwa.
Izicelo zePeat
I-Peat ithathwa njengeyona ndawo ifunwa kakhulu ukuba isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ukuququzelela ukukhula kwezityalo, imele isetyenziswe kwezi ndawo zilandelayo ekufuneka zigxininiswe:
Igadi
Okwangoku isetyenziselwa ukulima iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo ezifana ne-cacti, kunye neefern, iintyatyambo, imithi, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuthathela ingqalelo izondlo ezikhoyo kwi-peat esetyenzisiweyo; Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngenitrogen, ihambelana nesona sondlo sibalulekileyo sokukhula kakuhle kwezityalo; imihlaba idla ngokuba nelahleko enkulu yale minerali, ngoko ke imihlaba kufuneka ichunyiswe rhoqo; Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayinakusetyenziswa kuzo zonke izityalo, njengezilwanyana ezidliwayo, kuba ziya kufa ngaphambi kwexesha lazo.
I-Peat ithathwa njenge-substrate efanelekileyo yokukhulisa izityalo, kuba igcina umswakama, ivumela ukuba kusetyenziswe amanzi amancinci okunkcenkceshela. Ukuthanda uphuhliso oluhle lwazo zonke iingcambu njengoko ziyinto enombhobho. Nangona kunjalo, ukungonakali kwayo kufuneka kugxininiswe, njengokuba kwiindawo ezinokukhanya kwelanga okunamandla, okanye ehlotyeni kakhulu, inokulahlekelwa ngumswakama wonke, kulo mzekelo kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale uhlanjululwa ngamanzi ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa iimpawu zayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ivame ukuxutywa ne-perlite okanye i-coconut fiber.
Kule meko, ukubaluleka kwayo kufuneka kugxininiswe xa isetyenziswe kwiibhedi zembewu, iimbiza kunye nezikhongozeli, zihluka ngokweempawu zayo kunye neeminerali ezikhoyo ezifana nodongwe, i-vermiculite, isanti okanye iinkozo ze-polystyrene, zonke ngenjongo yokuphucula zonke iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo. Unako kwakhona ukugaya kunye nokumanzisa ezinye izinto ezifana ne-nitrogen (N), isulfure (S), i-magnesium (Mg), okanye ezinye izinto ezifana ne-zinc (Zn), isinyithi (Fe), phakathi kwabanye.
Konke ukuphuculwa kweepropati zomhlaba kunye ne-peat kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zomntu ngamnye. Uhlala ukhumbula iimpawu zayo zokugcina amanzi, ukutshintshiselana kwayo okuphezulu kwe-cation, ngaphezu komnqweno wokunyusa i-porosity kunye nokuzinza kwazo zonke ii-aggregates, ukunika isakhiwo esikhulu kuyo yonke imihlaba.
Ukhathalelo lolusu
I-Peat ihambelana ne-organic matter equlunqwe liqela lezityalo ezibolayo ezivela kwimigxobhozo kunye nemigxobhozo, ngaphezu kokuba isetyenziselwa umhlaba ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, ibe luncedo kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. izifo kunye nokuthomalalisa iintlungu, konke oku kungenxa yeempawu zayo zesondlo ezinokufunxa ulusu. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona njenge-moisturizer yendalo.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo: