Ukukwazi ukuhambisa iimpahla, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kuye kwaba luncedo olukhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo, yiyo loo nto kweli nqaku sikumema ukuba wazi nganye nganye yeenkcukacha ezihambelanayo. Ezothutho ngeMultimodal kwaye ukongeza koko, ezinye iindlela zokuhambisa urhwebo.
Zonke iinkcukacha
Multimodal Transport eMexico
Waziwa phantsi kwegama lika Ezothutho ngeMultimodal ukuya kuloo ntetho ekhoyo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezothutho, oku ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokudluliselwa kwezinto kunye nokuthengiswa.
Kungelo xesha ke apho kweli nqaku sikumema ukuba wazi nganye nganye yezona nkcukacha zimangalisayo nezinika umdla ezihambelana ne Multimodal Transport eMexico nokunye okuninzi
Ezothutho ngeMultimodal
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, i Ezothutho ngeMultimodal Akukho nto ngaphandle kwenkcazo apho nganye kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zothutho zivunyelwe ukuba zaziwa, oku ngenjongo yodwa yokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokudlulisa iimpahla kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kwaziwa njengokugqithiselwa kwezinto ezithengiswayo ukusuka kwindawo yemvelaphi ukuya kwindawo, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokuthutha, oko kukuthi: umhlaba, ulwandle, umlambo, umoya. Konke oku kumazwe ngamazwe, ukusebenzisana kunye neekhontrakthi zothutho ezisekiweyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko nganye.
Ukongeza koku ngasentla, kunokwenzeka ukwazi ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhanjiswa ukusuka kwenye indlela yokuthutha ukuya kwelinye ngaphandle kokubala ekuphathweni kwezinto eziphathekayo kuya kuphumelela, ngoko ke, akuyi kubakho ukuphulwa kweyunithi yempahla. Ngamanye amazwi, intengiso ayinakwahlulwa nangaliphi na ixesha.
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya
Ngokufanayo, uphuhliso lwezikhululo zezibuko ezinkulu ziya kulawula ukuhlala ziqhagamshelwe kwindlela, umzila kunye nomlambo nje ngokuba ngamaziko okuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa, okuye kwaqhuba uphuhliso olukhulu lwe "Multimodal Transport" kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. .
Ukongeza kule nto, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale ukhumbula ukuba kufuneka kusetyenziswe uxwebhu olulodwa lwezothutho lwe-multimodal: i-Bill of Lading (FBL), ukwazi ukuba yi-bill of lading kwaye ngayo umntu unolwazi lomthamo wokuhamba. ukuthatha indima yomthwali. Olu xwebhu lusebenza kuthutho ngalunye.
Umbutho woThutho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe
Ngokumalunga noMbutho woThutho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe okanye a Ezothutho ngeMultimodal esebenza ukukhusela uhambo ngokusebenza ukusuka kwindawo yokuhamba de kufike indawo ekuyiwa kuyo enye efuna iindlela ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezahlukeneyo zothutho, eziya kukwazi ukusebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kwaye, ngaphezu koko, ezahlukeneyo. izivumelwano ziya kukhutshwa Ezothutho ngeMultimodal kuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenziswayo.
Kungelo xesha apho uthutho oluxeliweyo lubandakanya inkonzo evunyelwene ngokufanelekileyo nguMsebenzi woLungiselelo, i-arhente okanye umthumeli wempahla kwaye, ukongeza, onoxanduva lokukwazi ukuqokelela iimpahla ezikwindawo yokuqala ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela. .
Kolu hambo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho ziya kuchazwa okanye, ngamanye amazwi, ukusetyenziswa kwesithuthi esinye. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo, oko kuqhelekile ngokwenene kumthengi, kuba ngumqhubi ophethe ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwenkonzo kwaye, nangona iindlela ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziswa ngexesha lohambo, kufuneka zithathwe njenge. Ezothutho ngeMultimodal kufuneka ihambelane noku kulandelayo:
Iimfuno ze-a Ezothutho ngeMultimodal
Njengoko sele sikhankanyile umzuzwana odlulileyo, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqhutywe ngaphezu kweendlela enye yokuthutha, ukuze kuthathelwe ingqalelo njengendlela yokuthutha. Ezothutho ngeMultimodal Isibini seenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto baya kukhankanywa apha ngezantsi ukuze ngale ndlela ukwazi ukubagcina engqondweni:
- Kufuneka ube noxwebhu olulodwa lwezothutho olubizwa ngokuba yi-FIATA Bill of Lading (FBL) kwaye ukongeza koku, kwi-Intermodal Transport, uxwebhu oluthe lusetyenziselwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho ezisetyenziswayo.
- Ngokubhekiselele kwintengiso okanye imithwalo, kufuneka ihlale ihambelana ngokufanelekileyo njengoko ihanjiswe ngomzuzu wokuqala, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuhlula ngamaqela amancinci. Makhe sicinge ukuba ilori epheleleyo iyaziwa, kulo mzekelo akuyi kuba nako ukwenza iqela kwiilori ezimbini kuba akunakwenzeka ukwahlula umthwalo.
Yiyo loo nto inkcazo ngokubanzi yolu hlobo lwezothutho alukho ngaphezu kwethuba lokuqhuba ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezininzi zokuthengisa, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yothutho lwasekhaya lwe-multimodal.
Ngako oko, inkcazo yehlabathi jikelele ehambelana ne-multimodality ihlukaniswe kwi-intermodal transport (kuba yile nto isetyenziswayo kuphela umlinganiselo womthwalo) kunye nokuthutha okudityanisiweyo (indawo apho ukuthengiswa kwempahla kuthuthwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kodwa rhoqo ngaphakathi komgca wezothutho).
Iimpawu zoThutho
Nje ukuba uthathele ingqalelo nganye nganye kwiimfuno ezihambelanayo uthutho lwemultimodal, lixesha elifanelekileyo lokujonga nganye nganye yeempawu ezihambelanayo, ukuze kube lula ngakumbi ukuchonga olu didi lwezothutho. Okulandelayo, sizishiya ezandleni zakho:
- Kufuneka ikhontrakthi enye kuphela.
- Ukufikelela kuzwelonke nakwihlabathi jikelele.
- Akukho mda womgama.
- Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho.
- Ukulandelela impahla.
Zeziphi ezona zinto ziNcedayo ziPhambili kunye neziLungelo zolu hlobo lwezoThutho?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthathela ingqalelo yonke ingcaciso eyimfuneko malunga nolu hlobo lwezothutho, yiyo loo nto emva kokujonga le miba ikhankanywe ngasentla, kufuneka wazi nganye nganye yezinto eziNcedayo eziPhambili kunye nezinto ezingeloncedo. Izithuthi ezininzi.
Inzuzo
- Kwindawo yokuqala, kunokwenzeka ukukhankanya ukuba kunciphisa iindleko kunye namaxesha okuhamba kwisethi yemisebenzi.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngumsebenzisi othatha umngcipheko omncinci wokulahlekelwa okanye ukubiwa kwezinto ezithengiswayo, ngoko unomngeneleli omnye kuphela.
- Ngokuphathelele i-FBL, inokhetho olukhulu lomvuzo kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithethe.
- Ukukhankanya inkqubo yehlabathi yendlela kunye neendleko zoluntu kunye neendleko zezoqoqosho, zilula ngenene.
Iingxaki
- Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, kuyenzeka ukuba kuhlangatyezwane nemida yomthetho kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.
- Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko, luhlala luphezulu kwaye uhlolo olwahlukeneyo kwii-terminals luyaqhubeka nokunciphisa ukusebenza.
- Kwelinye icala, akukho mbono ibanzi ye uthutho lwemultimodal, Yiyo loo nto kungekho ziseko zoncedo eziguqula imisebenzi ye-multimodal ibe yindlela elula yokuyenza.
- Ukukhankanya isakhiwo semfuno, ukungabikho kwembuyekezo yokuhamba kunqongophala ngokupheleleyo, okuchaphazela ukungena ngokufanelekileyo kwezikhongozeli ngaphakathi.
Injani i-Multimodal Transport kwaye lithini iMpembelelo yalo yoMthetho?
Kuyaziwa ukuba i Ezothutho ngeMultimodal Isetyenzwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokubulela kwizivumelwano ezahlukeneyo zamazwe ngamazwe, ngoko ke zikhokelwa koko kuya kuba zizibophelelo kunye nezithintelo ezichaphazela umphathi wezothutho.
Kungelo xesha ke apho izivumelwano ezenziwayo malunga nokuthuthwa kwe-intermodal aziguquli ngokwenene nawaphi na amaqela, nangona kunjalo, ityala lomthwali lilawulwa ngexesha kukho ukwaphulwa kwesivumelwano.
Iindidi zeNdibaniselwano
Kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba isithuthi sinjani, ubuncinane imibutho emibini yeeklasi zezothutho ezichazwe ngezantsi iya kuhlala isetyenziswa. Ngokuxhomekeke kumgama okanye umzila, umboneleli wezothutho okanye umxhasi, uhlala exhomekeke kulwazi lwabo, uya kukwazi ukukhetha eyona ndlela ilungileyo ukwenzela ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nexesha eliqikelelwayo lokuhanjiswa kwempahla.
Kulapho ke apha ngezantsi siya kukushiya esandleni Iintlobo zoDidiswa ezinokuthi zaziwa xa usebenza ne Ezothutho ngeMultimodal kwaye ngale ndlela, unakho ngokupheleleyo ukubabona ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
#1 Uthutho loMhlaba
Eyona nto ifunwa kakhulu kwaye isetyenzisiweyo yothutho kuzo zonke, oku, ke, kusekelwe kwi-point-to-point yokuthutha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zomhlaba apho kunokwenzeka ukuba uhambe ukusuka kwiinqwelo ezincinci zokuhambisa ukuya kwezo zilori okanye ii-trailers. Ukongeza koku, kuthutho lwasemhlabeni oluthi, kwakhona, lwahlulwe kwizinto zokubhala, amaqela kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemithwalo epheleleyo.
#2 UThutho lweendlela ezininzi: ezoThutho zaseLwandle
Ngokuphathelele uThutho lwaseLwandle, lolona lubonakalisiweyo ngexesha lokuqhutywa kwendlela ende, ilungele ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa phakathi kwamazwekazi.
Yingakho le yindlela yokuthutha esetyenziswa kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kuziwa ekuhambeni kwamanye amazwe, ukwenzela ukuba kuqhutywe, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenqanawa zingasetyenziswa.
#3 Izithuthi zoMoya
Lolona khetho lusebenzayo kodwa lubiza kakhulu, ngoko ke enye yeenzuzo zalo eziphambili kukuba lufumaneka ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ngaphezu koko, ixesha lokuhamba lokuhambisa lifutshane. Kuyenzeka ukuthumela naluphi na uhlobo lwentengiso kuyo nayiphi na indawo ngosuku nje olunye.
#4 UThutho lweendlela ezininzi: ezoThutho Ferroviario
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, baye bafumana ukonyuka kwemfuno yabo, oku, ke, kunciphise ixabiso lezothutho kwaye kukhawulezisa kakhulu amaxesha ahlukeneyo okuhanjiswa ngexesha xa kufikwa kuhambo olude kakhulu.
Ukubaluleka kwe Ezothutho ngeMultimodal
Kuyaziwa ukuba i Ezothutho ngeMultimodal Inomgangatho omkhulu wokubaluleka, kwaye kungekuphela ngenxa yokuba ineendleko eziphantsi, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu kuba umntu oyiqeshileyo akufuneki ukuba abe nolwazi olubanzi oluhambelana nokusebenza kwayo.
Yiyo loo nto into enokwenzeka eyaziwayo evumela, kwinqanaba lezorhwebo, yonke inkqubo ukuba ibe lula ngakumbi ngaphandle kokuba yimfuneko ngenene ukubhenela kubalamli. Kwelinye icala, kulapho ke ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kolu hlobo lwezothutho.
Enye inkcukacha eqhelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ye Ezothutho ngeMultimodal kukuba, ngenxa yeendlela zabo zokudlulisa, kunokwenzeka ukuba balungelelanise indlela eyimfuneko ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokuthengisa olunomnini kunye nokuhanjiswa kokugqibela.
Njengoko sele sichazile ngaphambili, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwizithuthi kunye neentlobo zezothutho ukwenzela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza imidibaniso enenzuzo enkulu kumacala omabini.
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya
Ngokufanayo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba namhlanje abathumeli bempahla ngabona badlala indima enkulu kolu hlobo lwezothutho, oku kubulela kwinto yokuba bathatha uxanduva olungakumbi phakathi kwendima yabathwali kwaye, ukongeza, inani elikhulu lezothutho. abathuthi baselwandle abakwazile ukuphuhlisa umsebenzi wabo kwizithuthi ezininzi ezikwaziyo ukunika abathengi babo inkonzo yonikezelo lwendlu ngendlu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abo bathwali bezolwandle banakho ukubonelela ngezothutho ukusuka ekusebenziseni izixhobo zomthengisi okanye umthengisi weempahla ngaphandle kokufika komthengi okanye umthengi. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni ukuhanjiswa kweenkonkxa ezininzi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, akufanele ilibaleke ukuba i-multimodal ayaziwa njengezothutho ezinokuxhobisa ukuthuthwa kwee-container kwaye akukho nto ikhankanywe ngasentla iyimfuneko yokusebenza.
I-Multimodal Transport Operator
Ngokubhekiselele kwisihloko se-Multimodal Transport Operator okanye eyaziwa ngokuba yi-OTM, nguye onikwe umntu othatha isigqibo sokwenza isihloko ngokwaso okanye irhafu yesivumelwano. UThutho lweendlela ezininzi; umntu unako ukuzibonakalisa njengenxalenye ephambili kwaye, ngaphezu koko, akenzi njenge-arhente kwaye ngoko akenzi izenzo egameni lomthumeli okanye abathwali abathatha isigqibo sokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokuthutha.
Yingakho ngokusisiseko, i-OTM ekhankanywe ngasentla nguye othatha ipesenti enkulu yoxanduva lokuphuhliswa kwekhontrakthi. Ukuba ulwazi ekwabelwana ngalo kweli nqaku lube luncedo olukhulu kuwe, siyakumema ukuba ujonge le enye malunga Njani ukuthethana ngeTyala? Imithetho ephakamileyo!