Ukuhleka - loo mbonakalo yobuhlobo ebusweni esiyibonayo sonke ngokukhupha igama - yinto esicinga ukuba sonke siyazi kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweli binzana kukho inani leemvakalelo, intlalo, ingqondo kunye nezizathu ze-pathological ezikhuthazayo. Ukongeza, ayiphelelanga ebantwini, ikwajongwa nakwezinye izilwanyana ezifana neetshimpanzi, izinja kunye neempuku.
Ukuhleka yimpendulo ye-physiological kwi-stimuli yangaphandle kunye nengaphakathi ebangela imvakalelo, enganyanzelekanga ukuba ibe lulonwabo.. Zininzi nezinye izizathu zokuhleka, ngoko kweli nqaku siza kuchaza isizathu sokuba sihleka kunye nokuba ziyintoni na. Iindidi zokuhleka kunye nentsingiselo yazo.
Yintoni ukuhleka?
Ukuhleka yimpendulo ye-physiological eyenziwa yi-stimuli yangaphandle nangaphakathi ebangela imvakalelo.. Loo mvakalelo okanye amandla kufuneka akhululwe ngumzimba kwaye "ukuvuza" kwenzeka ngokuhleka.
Yimbonakalo yobuso eququzelelwa yimisipha yobuso, apho inani leentshukumo ezibandakanyekayo kwaye ezona zidume kakhulu zezo zomlomo, izihlathi kunye namehlo. Icingela ukukhutshwa koluhlu lwezandi ezilandelelanayo zethoni efanayo ephindwa rhoqo nge-210 milliseconds.
Iguqula inkqubo yokuphefumla (ukuphefumula okufutshane) kwaye xa ukuhleka kunyanisekileyo kunokuguqula inkqubo yesisu (ibinzana elidumileyo elithi "isisu sam sibuhlungu ngenxa yokuhleka"), kubangela ukubomvu kwezidlele kunye namehlo anamanzi, onke alawulwa yi-autonomic. inkqubo ye-nervous.
Iindawo zobuchopho ezibandakanyekayo ekuhlekeni
Ukuhleka - njengayo nayiphi na impendulo ye-physiological - yinto enzima, nangona sifumana njengento elula kwaye ezenzekelayo. Ibandakanya ukusebenza kwemimandla emininzi yobuchopho, ukuguqulwa kweenkqubo zokuphefumula ezisele zikhankanyiwe kunye ne-gastrointestinal, kwaye ihamba kunye nokukhululwa kwamahomoni ahlukeneyo.
Imizila ye-neurological eyenziwa ngexesha lokuhleka iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokuhleka okwenzekayo.. Ngokubanzi, sinokuthi zintathu iindawo zobuchopho ezibandakanyekayo ekuphumeni kokuhleka: indawo kaWernicke, inkqubo yokuvuza, kunye ne-prefrontal cortex. Ukudityaniswa kwezi ndawo kufuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kweminye imimandla, efana nehippocampus, i-basal ganglia, kunye neNucleus Accumbens.
- El Indawo kaWernicke Yeyona ndawo iphambili yokuqonda ulwimi, ekusetyenzwa kwayo ngundoqo kunxibelelwano lwentlalo, oluya kuba -phakathi kwezinye-imeko ezikhuthaza ukuhleka.
- El indawo yangaphambili ibandakanyeka ekwenzeni izigqibo nasekuthinteleni ngokuzithandela ezinye iimpendulo, ezinjengokuphepha ukuhleka kwiimeko ezingafanelekanga zentlalo.
- El hippocampus kuyimfuneko ukubhenela kwimemori ye-biographical eya kusenza sidibanise imemori kwisivuseleli esifunyenweyo kwaye "sigqibe" ukuba siyahlekisa okanye hayi.
- Kwaye i-basal ganglia y i-nucleus accumbens Ziyimimandla yenkqubo ye-limbic ebandakanyekayo ekuqhubeni nasekuveliseni iimvakalelo, ezisisiseko sokuvusa uvuyo, ukunyanya, njl. oko kuya kubangela ukuhleka (kuba umntu unokuhleka ngenxa yokuzonda okanye ukucaphuka, njengoko siza kubona kwimigca elandelayo).
- El inkqubo yokuvuza -njengoko igama layo lisitsho-yiseti yemimandla echaphazelekayo ekuveliseni impendulo eyanelisayo kwi-stimulus ukuba ingqondo ivavanya njengomvuzo wesidingo okanye ulangazelelo, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa imvakalelo yokuphila kakuhle okanye ubuninzi. Icutshungulwa zizo zombini iimfuno zomzimba (ezifana nokutya, ukuchama, njl. njl.) kunye neemvakalelo (isivuseleli esihlekisayo esenza ukuba sihleke, umzekelo) kwaye kuzo zonke iimeko le mvakalelo yokwaneliseka kunye nentlalontle ibangelwa ngamahomoni. akhululwa ngenxa yesiphumo sokuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo, ezi: the dopamine, endorphins y oxytocin.
Ezinye izilwanyana ezingengobantu nazo ziyahleka
Ufunda kakuhle, ukuhleka akuyompendulo yabantu kuphela. Kuye kwabonwa ukuba ezinye izilwanyana ezinamakhono entlalo azivelelayo nazo ziyahleka, ezifana iimfene, Los izinja okanye iimpuku Sonke sinomfanekiso odibeneyo wokukhumbula ezi zilwanyana ngokuhleka kwiikona zabo ezibonisa amazinyo abo, ngamanye amaxesha, ahlekisayo kwaye inkitha yeememes zezi zilwanyana "ezihlekayo" zijikeleza kuthungelwano.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwizilwanyana ukuhleka akusoloko kubonisa ububele okanye uvuyo, kwezinye iimeko (kwaye oku kubonwe kakhulu kuza iiprimates) intsini ebonisa amazinyo a uphawu lobundlongondlongo kunye nokumakishwa kwendawo. Nakweyiphi na imeko-kubandakanywa nabantu-ukuhleka kusebenza njenge "glue yentlalontle" njengoko iyindlela yokunxibelelana phakathi kwabantu abahlengahlengisa amandla oluntu.
Iinzuzo zokuhleka
Ukuhleka kuphucula impilo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuhleka (okwenyani) iphucula amajoni omzimba kwaye bandise ubomi. Ngokuphathelele oku mva, kukho iimpikiswano ezithile, kodwa okucacileyo kukuba, ukuba ukuhleka kuyayiphucula impilo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba siya kuphila ixesha elide yaye sinomgangatho obhetele wobomi.
Enyanisweni, ukuhleka kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sonyango kunye ne unyango lokuhleka kwiimeko ezithile zeklinikhi ukuphucula impilo yezigulane. Siyibona kwiiyunithi zomhlaza zabantwana ezihlala zidlalwa yi-clown performances, kumaziko abantu abadala, njl. Ukuhleka kubangela umoya wokonwaba ophelisa uxinezeleko kwaye yenze idrama ingabi yidrama, ifanele ukungafuneki.
Kuye kwabonwa ukuba inceda ukulwa nokuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba, ikhusela izifo zentliziyo, iphucula ukuhamba kwegazi, isebenze ingqondo kwaye iphucule ubudlelwane nabanye kunye nesiqu sakho.
Ukuhleka kunomsebenzi obalulekileyo wentlalontle
Kokubini ebantwini nakwezinye izilwanyana, ukuhleka kufeza umsebenzi ophambili kwaye oko kukwenza njenge umququzeleli wobudlelwane boluntu. Ngoko ke, ukuhleka kuye kwafikelela kwimihla yethu ngenxa yokuba yindlela yokuziqhelanisa noluntu.
Lenza indlela yonxibelelwano yokudlulisa uvelwano, intiyo okanye intiyo, kunye nokuvelisa umtsalane ngokwesondo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuhleka ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo kwaye yiyo loo nto siza kukunika iinkcukacha ngezantsi. iintlobo zokuhleka kunye nentsingiselo yazo
Iindidi zokuhleka kunye nentsingiselo yazo
Okulandelayo siza kubona ukuba ukuhleka kunokubangelwa yi-stimuli efanelekileyo okanye embi, ingaba luncedo (ngenjongo) kwaye ingaba ngumphumo we-pathology ephantsi.
Hleka ukusuka esiswini okanye ngokunyanisekileyo
Iyaqwalaselwa olona hlobo lunyanisekileyo lokuhleka. Ikwayeyona nto inzima kakhulu ukuyifumana, kuba kuthatha inkuthazo emnandi ngokwenene ukuqalisa ukuhleka usuka esiswini kunye nokuphefumlela phezulu, nto leyo ephawula olu hlobo lokuhleka. Ukuba sisiphumo sempendulo entle ngokweemvakalelo, ineenzuzo ezininzi zempilo.
ukuhleka
Yeyona mbonakaliso ikhwazayo yokuhleka okunyanisekileyo. “Kukugqabhuka yintsini” kuba isivuseleli “sichukumise ngokweemvakalelo” ngendlela eqatha. Ingxokozelo yale ntsini ibangelwa kukuba xa sihleka sikhupha umoya okanye simunce ngeempumlo. Ifunyanwa malunga ne-25% yabasetyhini kunye ne-33% yamadoda.
ukuhleka okumangalisayo
Yintsini akunanto ephuma ngaphandle komxholo kwaye ngaphandle kovuselelo oluyixhokonxayo. Ngaba umntwana y ngaphezulu, kwaye rhoqo engafanelekanga. Ihamba kunye nokuziphatha okubonakalayo okusekelwe ekutshitshiseni amahlombe, ukuvala umlomo kunye nokuzama ukufihla. Ibonakaliswa ngabantu abanokulimala kwengqondo okanye i-psychosis ebukhali.
Indlela yokuziphatha okanye ukuhleka kwentlalo
Kukuhleka okusebenza njengendlela yokulungelelanisa intlalo. Kuvela kwiimeko zomsebenzi okanye ubuhlobo apho ukuhleka kusebenza njenge-arhente yokuqinisa ubudlelwane, kungekhona ekuphenduleni into ehlekisayo. Kuhlekwa nje ukungena kwiqela lentlalontle.
Ukuhleka okosulelayo
Iimvakalelo ziyosulela kwaye ngenxa yoko ukuhleka nako. Las i-neurons yesipili ingaphendula kule meko yentlalo apho ukuhleka kuqhubeka kwiqela ukusuka ekuhlekeni kokuqala okubangela oko. Kuyasihlekisa ukubona umntu ehleka, sonke sinamava.
ukuhleka okungalawulekiyo
Luhleko oluvela ngokungalawulekiyo emntwini olukhuphayo, ukuze xa sele luqalile, lubekho Awunakuyeka. Ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngamandla kwaye ikhokelela kwindlela engaqhelekanga "i-syncope yemeko".
Ukuhleka ukukhulula uxinzelelo
Iqala ngokuzenzekelayo ngathi yintsini yesisu kodwa ayiphenduli kwisivuseleli esihlekisayo kodwa kwimeko yoxinzelelo. Kwipsychology oku kwaziwa ngokuba "Uncedo oluhlekisayo" kwaye umsebenzi kule meko ucacile: ukukhulula ukuxhatshazwa kwezinto eziphilayo ebusweni bobunzima obufunyenweyo.
Ukuhleka kovalo
Kuvela ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo neso sangaphambili, kuphela ukuba kukuhleka okungalawulekiyo. Uphendula kwiziqephu zokuxhalaba kwaye icinga umzamo wokungazi kwethu ukunciphisa uxinzelelo njengoko lunjalo.
cwaka uhleka
Kusenokucinga ukuba luhlobo lokuhleka oluvela ngenxa yokubanjwa kwayo kwindawo apho ukuhleka bekungayi kufaneleka. Kodwa ayisiyiyo le nto, "yintsini ye-joker", uhlobo lokuhleka olunika uhlobo lokunqumama oluya kumema ukukhutshwa kokuhleka kuluntu. Isetyenziswa kwiiseshoni unyango lokuhleka nakwiiklasi ukuhleka kweyoga.
intsini yesardonic
Yintsini leyo Ivela njengesiphumo sokudumba kobuso kwaye umntu obonakalisayo akahleki ngokwenene. Kwenzeka kwizigulane ezosulelwa yi- ngqi, apho usulelo ngetyhefu yebhaktiriya ye-tetanus kubangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha kuwo wonke umzimba, kubandakanywa nobuso, okukhokelela ekubonakalisweni okubonakalayo. uncumo olunomlomo obanzi.
ijuba lihleke
Kukuhleka oku kuthetha ukuba hleka ungavuli mlomo. Ihlala isenziwa kwi unyango lokuhleka okanye kwiiklasi ukuhleka kweyoga.
Ukuhleka okunkonkxiweyo okanye okunkonkxiweyo
Ngokuqinisekileyo sonke siyakhumbula ezo ntsini zasemva eziviwa kuthotho lwamahlaya kamabonwakude. Loo nto yintsini enkonkxiweyo okanye enkonkxiweyo: urekhodo lwentsini yokwenyani ebekwe kwimeko ehlekisayo ingakhuthaza okanye iququzelele ukuhleka kombukeli, kanye kuba -njengoko bekutshiwo kwimigca edlulileyo- ukuhleka kuyosulela.
Ukuhleka okukhohlakeleyo okanye okukhubekisayo
Ukuhleka ukhohlakele, uyakhubekisa o bubi, yintsini leyo-kude nokushukunyiswa yimvakalelo eyakhayo– Umsebenzi walo kukuhlekisa okanye ukuhlekisa ngomnye umntu, ubashiye ebubungqina ngaloo “kuhlekwa”.
ukuhleka kwe-spastic
Yiyo ukuhleka okungalawulekiyo okwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo - ngendlela "yokuhleka kufanelekile" - xa kungekho vuselelo okanye kwiimeko zosizi, phambi kweendaba ezimbi, apho kunikwa "ukuhleka kweentlungu".
Kukho unobangela we-neurological kwaye ngamanye amaxesha wengqondo wale nto: luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe i-pseudobulbar syndrome (isifo se-neurodeergenerative), I-pathology ye "Joker", I-protagonist yefilimu yamva nje enegama elifanayo elidlalwa nguJoaquin Phoenix.
Ukuhleka okanye ingxaki ye-gelastic
Yiyo ukuhleka okuqhelekileyo okungaphenduliyo kwimeko yemeko kwaye kukusabela ku-a uhlobo olunqabileyo lokuxhuzula. Kukuhleka ngequbuliso okunokukhatshwa kukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo, kwanotshintsho kwimeko yengqondo, enokufikelela kwingqondo. Ukufa isiqaqa.