Ukhuni ibiyeyona nto iphambili yokugqwesa ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, ifenitshala, ezothutho, izinto zokudlala kunye nezinye izixhobo eziphucule umgangatho wobomi babantu. Le yimpahla ehloniphekileyo kunye nenhle, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo zomthi, ziya kubonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokhuni. Ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngayo.
Amaplanga
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Wood kuye kwalungiswa ngokuchasa kwayo, ukuqina, ukunyanzeliswa, ukulondolozwa kunye nokuqina, ukuvumela ukuba ibe yinto ekrwada yokusetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo ezifana: ukwakhiwa kwemigangatho, iipaneli kunye ne-canopies. Kwakhona, ifanitshala eyohlukeneyo yokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi, njengale: iikhabhathi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, iitafile, iibhedi, iishelufa, ifenitshala yasekhitshini, iingcango, kunye nezinye iifenitshala kunye nezihombiso zokuncedisa umhlobiso kwaye zivelele kwindawo nganye apho zifakwe khona.
Iindidi zemithi zihlelwa okanye zicwangciswe ngokwamaqela amabini amakhulu, la: "iinkuni ezithambileyo kunye neenkuni ezinzima". Kwiqela leentlobo ze-Soft Woods, kukho: imisedare, ipineyini kunye nefir, phakathi kwabanye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqela lemithi enzima libandakanya: i-walnut, i-oki, i-cherry kunye nemithi ye-beech.
Ngaphandle kwezi mpawu kunye nokuhlelwa, kukho ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo ezahlukileyo kuhlobo ngalunye lomthi. Ezi zinto zikhethekileyo kunye neengqungquthela ezihlukeneyo zezi: umbala womthi, amaqhina abanawo, imithambo; iimpawu ezivumela ukukhetha uhlobo lomthi ngokweencasa kunye neemfuno zohlobo lwefanitshala okanye ulwakhiwo ofuna ukulwenza.
Iinkuni zenza uninzi lweziqu zemithi. Ukubunjwa komthi kusekelwe kwimicu ye-cellulose kunye ne-lignin. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ibisetyenziswa njengento ekrwada yokwakha izixhobo. Emva koko, xa yayisetyenziswa kunye nentsimbi, yandisa ukwenziwa kwezinto eziye zanceda ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi bamadoda, nokuba zezi: izikhephe, iinqwelo, ifanitshala, izindlu, nezinye izinto eziluncedo.
Umntu ukwawusebenzisile njengamafutha ahlaziyekayo, abizwa ngokuba ziinkuni, asetyenziselwa ukwenza ubushushu, umlilo nokukhanya. Ngokunjalo, isetyenzisiwe yimathiriyeli ekrwada ukuvelisa ipulp yephepha. Ukufumana iinkuni emithini, amanyathelo aliqela kufuneka azaliseke, ngala: 1. Gawula umthi; 2. Yahlula isiqu kumasebe kunye nexolo kwisiqu okanye umthi; 3. Sika i-trunk kunye 4. Ukwahlula iinkuni kwaye zome okanye zikhuphe amanzi.
Iintlobo zokhuni
Umahluko phakathi kwemithi umiselwa ziindidi zemithi. Ulwahlulo olusetyenziswa kakhulu ukubonisa uhlobo lweMithi luxhomekeke kubunzima bomthi, njengoko kubonisiwe ngaphambili, lubahlula ngamaqela amabini amakhulu: i-softwoods kunye ne-hardwoods. Ngaphambili, amadoda ayesebenzisa amaplanga aqinileyo ukwenza amazembe. Ngelixa umthi othambileyo wawusetyenziselwa ukwenza iintonga okanye iintonga.
iinkuni ezinzima
Iindidi zemithi ezikhula kancinci zivelisa izikhondo ezinesiqu esishinyeneyo okanye umthi okwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu embi, ngokungafaniyo ne-softwood. Amagcisa amahlathi aye afumanisa ukuba uninzi lweentlobo zemithi yomthi oqinileyo yimithi evuthulukayo kwaye imbalwa kakhulu ehlala iluhlaza, luhlobo olunenkqubo ecothayo yokuvuthwa enokuthabatha iinkulungwane ukufikelela kuyo.
Imithi enzima ibiza kakhulu kune-softwoods ngenxa yokukhula kancinci kwemithi apho i-hardwood ivunwa khona, oko kwandisa iindleko zayo. Ngolu hlobo lweenkuni, ifenitshala, iiplanga, izindlu, imizobo yomthi okanye ezinye izinto ziveliswa ezifuna ukuxhathisa, ukhuni oluqinileyo, uphawu lomthi we-beech, teak, hornbeam, lapacho, maple, walnut, oak kunye nabanye. Umthi we-Chestnut unobunzima obuphakathi, ngoko unokufakwa kweli qela leentlobo ezinomthi onzima.
Iinkuni ezithambileyo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeconifers kunye nezinye iintlobo zemithi ekhula ngokukhawuleza ngabavelisi be-softwood. Ngenxa yokuba kulula ukuyifumana, iindleko ze-softwood ziphantsi. Lo mthi othambileyo awunako ukuhlala ixesha elide kunomthi oqinileyo. Lo mthi kulula ukuwuphatha kodwa unengxaki yokuqhekeka. Inokhozo oluncinci kunomthi oqinileyo, nto leyo eyenza ingabi nomtsalane kwaye ngenxa yoko kufuneka iqatywe ipeyintiwe, ivanishishwe okanye ifakwe ibala. Iintlobo zepine, birch, poplar, balsa, cypress kunye nabanye. Umthi weChestnut wobulukhuni obuphakathi kwaye usenokusetyenziswa njengomthi othambileyo.
Iintlobo zemithi
Ngezantsi ngamagama kunye neempawu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi, omthi okanye isiqu sayo siwela kuluhlu lweendidi ze-hardwood kunye ne-softwood. Phakathi kweentlobo ze-softwood yiPine, iFir, kunye neCedar. Phakathi kwamagama okhuni olunzima yiMaple, Beech, Mahogany, Teak, phakathi kwabanye.
IFir
Umthi womthi weFir luhlobo lwe-softwood, lunokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi-Central kunye neMpuma Yurophu, ngenxa yesi sizathu sifumaneka lula kumazwe afana neSpeyin. Uphawu lwalo mthi ngumbala omhlophe otyheli okhanyayo, lukhuni olulula ukuphatha. I-fir wood isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ifenitshala, izixhobo zomculo kunye nokwakhiwa ukwenza iingcango kunye neefestile, ibonakala ngokuchasana kwayo okuphezulu nomswakama.
Iphayini
Umthi wepine uthambile, kunye nezinye iiconifers. Kuba zingamaplanga athambileyo kakhulu, kulula ukuwaphatha kwaye asetyenziselwa ukwenza imifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Amaplanga ompayina yenye yeenkuni ezingabizi kakhulu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo xa kusakhiwa. Okwangoku, uninzi lwemithi ethambileyo ibizwa ngegama eliqhelekileyo elithi "pine", xa itywinwe ifumana ithoni enemibala yobusi. Ngumthi ekulula ukuwuphatha kwaye ukuthungwa kwawo kulinganayo, ngenxa yoku ngumthi othandwa ziingcali zokuchwela ukwenza ifanitshala, iipaneli kunye nokubumba.
Umsedare
Ukususela kwimisedare uhlobo lwe-softwood lufunyenwe. Olona didi luqhelekileyo lomsedare lunomthi obomvu, umthi wawo unevumba elincinane, uthambile ngandlel’ ithile, yaye unokhozo oluthe tye. Iintlobo zemisedare ezibomvu zasentshona zinika umthi ofunwa kakhulu wokwenza ifenitshala kunye nezinto zokusetyenziswa ngaphandle, njengoko zichasene nomswakama ngaphandle kokubola. Ngumthi ongabizi kakhulu osetyenziselwa ukwenza ifenitshala yasegadini.
iplanga lemaple
Umthi wemaple uwela phantsi kodidi lomthi oqinileyo. Ingumthi onokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi, umbala wayo ukhaphukhaphu kwaye ithoni yayo inokusuka kumhlophe ukuya kwiitoni ezimthubi kunye nepinki. Nangona iwela kudidi lomthi oqinileyo, umthi wayo unobulukhuni obuphakathi kwaye awuhlali xesha lide, nangona kunjalo, usetyenziselwa ukwakha kunye nokwenza ifenitshala kunye nezixhobo zomculo. Umthi wayo awuthathwa njengexabiso kwimarike yokhuni.
iinkuni beech
Umthi we-beech unomthi oqinileyo kakhulu. Lo mthi usasazwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu kwaye kulula ukuwufumana eSpain. Umbala womthi wayo ubomvu kwaye njengoko iguga iba mnyama. Nangona ingumthi onzima kakhulu, iyalawuleka, isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zomculo, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zefenitshala. Linkuni eyomeleleyo.
Umthi wothuthu
Lo mthi usuka kwilizwekazi laseYurophu ungafumaneka nakumanye amazwe aseMelika.Unomthi oqinileyo womgangatho olungileyo kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, awubonwa njengexabiso. Umbala wayo umdaka ngokukhanyayo, iinkuni zayo ziyakwazi ukumelana nokothuka nokugoba. Ingumthi osetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo zenkxaso, isoloko isetyenziselwa iingcango zangaphakathi. Inobuchwephesha bokuba nemicu ethe tye kunye namaqhina ayo afana namehlo e-partridge.
IWalnut yexabiso eliphezulu
Ukuba yinkuni ewela kudidi olunzima, kubiza kakhulu. Lo mthi uyamangalisa kakhulu kwaye unemithambo yeempawu. Umbala womthi wayo umnyama nge-purple hue, ukhuni lwawo ngenxa yobunzima bayo buxhathisa ukuqhekeka, ukuvuthela kunye nokudibanisa kakhulu, ngoko ke ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo. Lo mthi usetyenziselwa ukwenza ifenitshala, iingubo zodonga, imigangatho, iingcango, imihlobiso eyahlukeneyo, izinto ezijikiweyo kunye nabanye.
U-El Roble
Lo mthi onzima ufunyenwe ngombala obomvu nomhlophe. Le nkuni ifumaneka lula eSpain kwaye ixatyiswe kakhulu ngokuba yenye yeenkuni ezinzima ezifumaneka kwimarike. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo kunzima ukuyilawula nokusebenza, yinkuni enhle kakhulu kunye ne-aesthetic enexabiso eliphezulu lezoqoqosho kwimarike. Lo mthi usetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwefenitshala yodidi, uphahla lwamaplanga kwiindonga kunye nemigangatho.
umthi we-mahogany
Umthi we-mahogany uvela eMelika kwaye iinkuni zawo zaqala ukuxatyiswa ngabantu baseYurophu ngexesha lokoyiswa kweLizwe elitsha. Ingumthi osetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwefenitshala ye-mahogany, umbala walo mthi unombala obomvu obomvu ukuya kubomvu obumnyama. Ingumthi oqinileyo, onganyangekiyo kwi-woodworms, kunye nengqolowa ecolekileyo, yinkuni enzima kwaye ilungele ukusebenza kwaye ixabiswa kakhulu ngabakhabhinethi. Umthi wayo usetyenziselwa ukwenza imigangatho, ifenitshala, izinto zokuhombisa izinto zangaphakathi.
I-Teca
I-teak ngumthi onzima oxabiswa kakhulu phakathi kwabachweli, umbala wayo unobusi ophuzi kunye nokuthungwa okufanayo kunye nengqolowa encinci. Xa ibonakaliswe ekukhanyeni iba mnyama kancinane, ithatha umbala omdaka onzulu, omhle kakhulu kwaye abantu bathanda. Lo mthi uyamelana nokubola, izinambuzane kwaye kulula ukuwuphatha kwaye unokugqiba okugudileyo. Ingumthi ofanelekileyo wokwenza ifenitshala, izakhiwo ezithwala imithwalo, ixhathisa ukothuka kunye nokugoba.
Ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka nokufunda ngendalo, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde ezi zithuba zilandelayo:
- Indlela yokunyamekela iplanethi
- Ihlathi eliphantsi
- amanzi olwandle