Sonke siyayazi ukuba yintoni intaba-mlilo kunye nemiphumo eyintlekele enokubangelwa kukugqabhuka kwayo. Zininzi iimuvi ezithetha ngalo mbandela kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukho ezimbalwa eziye zatshabalalisa amawakawaka amakhaya. Udaka lutshabalalisa yonke into esendleleni yalo, lutshabalalisa zonke iindawo zokuhlala. Sihlala siyinxulumanisa nolwelo olungqindilili olubomvu olutshisa yonke into. Kodwa ngaba ubusazi ukuba kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zodaka?
Yiyo ke loo nto. Ilava iyahluka ngokwemvelaphi yayo kunye nomphezulu owushiyayo emva kokuphola, into ekulula ngayo ukumisela ukuba loluphi uhlobo. Ukuba unomdla malunga nesi sihloko, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda. Siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni i-lava kunye nokuhamba kwayo kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo.
Loluphi uhlobo lolwelo udaka?
Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lava, siya kuqala sichaze ukuba yintoni na olu lwelo ukuze siluqonde ngcono. Bubunzima, okanye i-magma, yelitye elinyibilikisiweyo elenziwa ngaphakathi eMhlabeni kwaye lifikelela kumphezulu woMhlaba ngokunyuka ngentaba-mlilo. Ngokuqikelelwa kakhulu iintlobo ezimbini ze-lava zinokuhlukaniswa:
- Ilava evela kwimagma esisiseko: Yona ininzi kakhulu kwaye iqulethe i-silicates enentsimbi ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-magnesium.
- Ilava evela kwi-acid magma: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ii-silicates zolu hlobo lwe-lava zizityebi kwi-potassium kunye ne-sodium.
Xa uhlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lava, ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwa ngokokuhamba. Yintoni lento? Njengokuba, Ziyingubo yodaka oluqukuqela phezu komhlaba emva kogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo. Xa oku kwenzeka, iityhubhu ze-lava okanye iziteshi zenziwe, ekubeni ukulahleka kobushushu ngokubhekiselele kumhlaba kunye nokudibanisa nomoya kubangela ukuba oku kugeleza kuphele ukuqina. Ngolu lwazi kunokwenzeka ukwenza ukulinganisa okunokwenzeka ukuba uqikelele indlela eya kuhamba ngayo i-lava namhlanje. Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukulindela ukuba yeyiphi imimandla eya kuchaphazeleka kwaye ithathe amanyathelo ngexesha.
Ukuhamba kweLava: Iimpawu
Njengoko kunokulindelwa, iimpawu zokuqukuqela kwelava zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkcukacha zolwelo ngokwalo. Nangona kunjalo, sinokudwelisa izinto ezintathu ezichaphazela isantya sokuhamba kwelava:
- Ukumanzi kwelava
- i-viscosity
- Iipropati ezinxulumene nepesenti ye-silica
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwelava, ukuqukuqela okufanelekileyo kuyatshintsha. Ukuba ludaka olumanzi ngakumbi, ukuqukuqela okuvela kulo kudla ngokungabi ngqindilili kwaye kubanzi kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, okukhona udaka lwentaba-mlilo lubonakala ngakumbi lubangela ukuqukuqela kodaka olungqindilili noluncipha kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, isantya asixhomekekanga kuphela kwezi zinto sithethe ngazo, kodwa kwakhona kumandla okugxothwa kwentaba-mlilo kunye nobume bendawo.
Ngokubanzi, ukuhla kokuqukuqela kodaka lwentaba-mlilo kuthande ukudlula ngokulandelelana kwithambeka lentaba-mlilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba ugqabhuko-dubulo alwenzeki nje kwi-crater engundoqo ye-volcano, kodwa kwiintanda ezahlukeneyo ze-cone. Ngenxa yoko, iimantshi okanye iindawo ze-lava ziyavela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Iimpompo ezininzi ze-lava zinokuveliswa ngexesha logqabhuko-mlilo, akufuneki ukuba kubekho enye kuphela.
Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zodaka?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, Iindidi ze-lava ziyahlukana ngokuhamba kwaye zixhomekeke kakhulu kwifom ezithathayo. Makhe sibone ukuba ziyintoni ngezantsi.
i-pahoehoe lava iyahamba
Igama elithi "pahoehoe" lisuka kwisiHawaii kwaye liguqulela ngokuthi "ithambile." Olu hlobo lodaka lukwabizwa ngokuba yilava enentambo kwaye lusisiseko. Ukusuka kuyo kuvela i-colada cordada okanye i-colada pahoehoe. Kule meko, umphezulu udla ngokuba nenkangeleko egotyiweyo, enamaza okanye egudileyo; ifana kakhulu nokumila kwentambo, eyinika igama layo. Olu phawu olwahlula olu hlobo lokuhamba kwe-lava luveliswa ngokubonga kwintshukumo ye-agile yolu lwelo phantsi kwe-crust.
udaka luqukuqela aa
Kwakhona igama lolu hlobo livela kwisiHawaii kwaye liguqulela ngokuthi "ukutshisa" okanye "njengelitye eline-lava enzima." Kule meko, i-lava i-basaltic kwaye inika indlela kwinto esiyaziyo njengokuhamba kwe-aa. Lo mfo xa ephola, ifumana umphezulu ocandekileyo, okhululekileyo norhabaxa. Olu phawu lubangelwa kukuba udaka oluphezulu luphola kancinci kwaye uxinzelelo lwalo lubangela ukuba ilahlekelwe ziigesi ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko iyaqhekeka kwaye ikhubazeke.
Ngokubanzi, I-aa lava ihamba phambili ngokucothayo. Isantya sayo sibalwe ukuba siphakathi kweemitha ezintlanu ukuya kwamashumi amahlanu ngeyure. Yintoni olu hlobo lwe-lava olufana ngayo ne-pahoehoe lava kukuba luvela kwi-magmas esisiseko kunye nolwelo oluthile. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuchithwa kwazo zombini kuthanda ukwenza uthungelwano lwamatshaneli kunye neetyhubhu.
Vimba ukuqukuqela kodaka
Olunye uhlobo lodaka yi-block lava. Ibonakaliswa ikakhulu ngokusuka kwi-intermediate-acid magmas. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-castings yayo, i-block castings, yenza umphezulu oqhekezayo ube ziibhloko ezininzi ezinkulu ezingaqhelekanga xa uphola phantsi. Imiphetho yazo idla ngokuba zii-angular.
Udaka olumanzi luyaqukuqela
Ekugqibeleni kufuneka sigxininise i-lava yomqamelo. Oku kuvela kwimaga esisiseko, nangona ngamanye amaxesha iye yavela kwi-intermediate-acid magma. Olu hlobo lwelava luyaqina xa ludibana namanzi. ukuvelisa i-colada yayo ehambelanayo enemilo yeepads ezipakishweyo kunye nezingqukuva (kungoko igama layo). Ukuqukuqela kwentaba-mlilo yomqamelo kunokuvezwa kugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo engaphantsi kwamanzi okanye ngokuqukuqela kwentaba-mlilo yentaba-mlilo efikelela kwindawo ethile yasemanzini, enjengomlambo, ichibi okanye ulwandle.
Ngoku uyazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lava kunye nokuhamba kwazo. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lube nomdla kuwe.