Los iintlobo zokukhubazeka bahluke ngokulinganiselwa kwiimeko zengqondo kunye nomzimba, kweli nqaku siza kuchaza ngamnye wabo, ungaphuthelwa.
Iintlobo zokukhubazeka
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukucacisa iintlobo zokukhubazeka, kubalulekile ukucacisa kwaye wazi ukuba le meko ithetha ntoni ngokwenene ebantwini. Ngoko ke sinokuthi ukuba siyazi zeziphi iintlobo zokukhubazeka ezikhoyo kubalulekile ukuyiseka njengemeko ethintelayo echaphazela abantu. Yimeko apho abanye abantu babonisa ukusilela ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwengqondo okanye ngokweemvakalelo.
Olu hlobo lwemeko luchaphazela umgangatho wobomi kwixesha elide, ukunciphisa intsebenziswano yoluntu. Oku kuye kwenza abathwali ngale ngxaki bacela imimiselo evela kwabasemagunyeni, apho banokufumana uhlobo oluthile lweenzuzo kwiinkonzo zoluntu kunye nokufikelela kumalungelo akhethekileyo.
Ukukhubazeka kunxulunyaniswa negama elithi ukukhubazeka, elimele uhlobo lokunciphisa umzimba okunciphisa izenzo zesiqhelo zabanye abantu. Kwenziwa umzamo wokudibanisa, ukufaneleka kunye nokuhlelwa kwabakhubazekileyo ngokohlobo lwabo. Kwinqaku i-amotivational syndrome uya kukwazi ukuchonga umahluko phakathi kwale miba mibini.
Ngendlela yokuba iingxaki azifani, oku kusivumela ukuba sicinge ukuba siqwalasela ukubaluleka kwindlela eli nqaku, elifuna ukubonisa ngokwenene ukuba zeziphi iimpawu kubantu abanale meko. kodwa masibone zeziphi iintlobo zokukhubazeka
ixesha elisemthethweni
Ngo-2006, i-UN yavuma, ngeNkomfa yamaLungelo waBantu abaKhubazekileyo, ukuba ichaze olu hlobo lwemeko, inika umqathango oqhelekileyo. Kule meko, abantu abanezithintelo ezifana nokungaboni, ukungeva, kunye neengxaki zokuva ezichaphazela ukunyakaza kwe-psychomotor bayacalulwa.
Ingqungquthela yabongoza onke amazwe ehlabathi ukuba aqhube ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho, apho iimeko ezikhethekileyo zinokumiselwa kwaba bemi. La manyathelo azama ukuphepha ucalucalulo., Iingxwabangxwaba nokuzahlula eluntwini, ngokunjalo ukukhubazeka kwahlulwa ngokweenguqu ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuze abantu nge iintlobo zokukhubazeka ngokomzimba, Unamalungelo afanayo nabemi abaqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwesizathu kufuneka abantu abakhubazekileyo babekwe bodwa, bagxothwe okanye baphathwe. Ukwazi imeko nganye ngokuzimeleyo kuya kunceda abantu abaninzi ukuba bazi kunye nendlela yokunceda kunye nonyango loluntu kunye nabo. Makhe sibone ngezantsi ukuba zeziphi ezo ntlobo zokukhubazeka.
Uphicotho-zincwadi
Kwimiqathango yezonyango yimeko apho umntu egcina ukusilela okuyingxenye okanye okupheleleyo kwimbono yezandi, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kuveliswa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezininzi apho ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kuzibonakalisa.
Kule meko kukho abantu abanokuxilongwa kobuthulu, okuchazwa njengokungabikho kwengqiqo yesandi, apho ukulinganiselwa okuyingxenye kubizwa ngokuba yintlungu, ekuhambeni kwexesha isigulane sinokuba nohlobo oluthile lokuphucula, ukuba unyango oluzinzileyo luthathwa .
Ezinye izigulane ziphathwa ngonyango lokuthetha kunye nokubekwa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ekubeni inkqubo yokuvalelwa ayilonakalisi ngokupheleleyo. Kukho ezinye iindawo ezinokuthi zivuselelwe kwaye zisetyenziswe njengendlela yokuva kwakhona okanye inxalenye yako.
Izakhono zokuva zinokuhla ngokuhamba kwexesha, kukho izinto ezibangela le anomaly. Nangona kunjalo ezi iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo bagcina iimpawu ezithile ezimisela unyango lwabo, banokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba abantu bazifake kuluntu.
Imidiya
Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswayo namhlanje yintetho yezandla. Ibandakanya ulwakhiwo lweekhowudi zegrama apho abantu bafunda ukunxibelelana ngokusebenzisa izijekulo zezandla kunye nobuso. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba zizijekulo ezingalungelelananga, nangona kunjalo intshukumo nganye iphononongwa ngaba bantu, ukwenzela ukwenza okanye ukunxibelelana phakathi kwabo.
Ulwimi lwezandla alufani kuwo onke amazwe, ngalinye linendlela yokuwabonisa, aneempawu ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko. Izandla nezimbo zomzimba zivumela ukuseka unxibelelwano olulodwa oluqondwa kuphela ngabantu abangevayo okanye abangevayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuva; Apha, iingcali ze-otorhinolaryngology zifakela uhlobo lwesixhobo kwindlebe yangaphandle ukuze kuvuselelwe imithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu ezithambileyo ezingonakalanga kukukhula kongeva okanye olunye uhlobo lokungeva.
Kusincomo esilungileyo ukujonga umgangatho wokuva wabantwana kancinci kancinci ukuthintela umonakalo onokwenzeka njengoko ubomi babo buqhubela phambili. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ukusilela kokuva kuvela kwimfuza, ilifa, ukuzalwa okanye ezinye iingxaki.
i-symptomatology
I-symptomatology yeentlobo zokukhubazeka kokuva ivumela ukuba sazi ukuba luhlobo luni lolahleko olwenzekayo kwisigulane. Kuyacetyiswa ukwazi ukuba entsatsheni okanye abazali baloo mntu baye baba nesigulana esinengxaki yokungeva. Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kukho naluphi na uhlobo lwemfuza engaqhelekanga kwaye ukwazi ukujongana nengxaki ngexesha.
Ngandlela ithile iimeko zokuzalwa zimiselwa kwaye zazi ukuba isigulane ekukhulelweni kwakhe, umama wayenohlobo oluthile lwesifo esifana ne-rubella okanye imasisi. Kwakhona ukuba kukho iingxaki ngexesha lokubeletha, okanye kukho iingxaki zokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha okanye ukunyanzeliswa, apho umntwana ngaphambi kokuzalwa wayenokuthi abonise iingxaki ze-oxygenation.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya uhlobo lokukhubazeka kokuva njengengxaki engathinteli iimeko zengqondo, kwaye ayihambisani ne-anomalies ethile enokudala olunye uhlobo lokukhubazeka. Siyakumema ukuba ulifunde eli nqaku Ubukrelekrele bomntu apho iimeko zengqondo ezinxulumene nesi sihloko zigqama.
Ukuguquka kwemvelo
Ubuthulu buqala ukusuka kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala, abazali kufuneka baqaphele imisebenzi kunye nabantwana babo esikolweni nasekhaya. Iingcali zicinga ukuba umntu unokufumana ingxaki yokungeva emva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ngelo xesha kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba isifo siyaguquka okanye sihlale sizinzile. Umba omiselayo isenokuba ziingxaki zentetho, ukulibaziseka kwentetho kunye nokungacaci kakuhle kwamagama. Nangona ezinye iingcali ze-neurologists zinokuthi zibangelwa ziingxaki zobuchopho.
Nangona kunjalo, ulwimi luyindlela efanelekileyo yokumisela ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili, okunokuchaza ukuba umntwana uneengxaki zokuva ngokwenene. Qhagamshelana nogqirha wabantwana othembekileyo othi, ngoxilongo olululo lwekliniki, amisele ukuba kukho naluphi na uhlobo lwengxaki yokuva.
Kwimeko yabantu abadala, yimeko efunyenwe kwi-60% yamatyala. Oko kukuthi, abantu abadala baya kuqala ngandlela-thile ukubandezeleka ngenxa yeengxaki zokungeva. Musa ukukutyeshela ukujongwa kwabantu abadala nabalupheleyo, kwanakuwe ngokwakho, ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuncipha kumandla okuva.
Visual
Le meko kwezinye iimeko ebizwa ngokuba yimfama ifana kakhulu noxilongo lwezigulane ezineengxaki zokuva. Ubumfama bubakho xa isigulana siqala ukujongana nobunzima bokubona ngokucacileyo izinto nezinto ezimngqongileyo. Oogqirha bamehlo bajonga ezi zigulane ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Kusenokubakho ubumfama obuthile kunye nobupheleleyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iingxaki zombono zinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yezizathu ezingathanga ngqo kunye ne-anomalies, eyenziwa zezinye izifo okanye i-congenital pathologies. Uhlala uqwalasela uhlobo lokulinganisa okubonakalayo.
Ehlabathini lonke i iintlobo zokukhubazeka kokubona Baye bakhula kwiminyaka yakutshanje, bambi bakholelwa ukuba kungenxa yohlobo lobomi ababuphilayo abantu. Ukuhlala ixesha elide ujonge kwiscreen sekhompyuter, kunye nokutya ukutya okungenamsoco kunye noshukela. Ikhokelela kubukho bezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile.
Esi sifo kwezinye iimeko kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwendaleko, kubangela ubumfama ngokupheleleyo kwizigulane emva kwexesha elithile. Kubalulekile ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile emzimbeni kunye nokunciphisa ukuthathwa kokutya okucutshungulwayo.
Uthintelo lombono lumiselwa ngokwenkalo yomntu yoqwalaselo. Oko kukuthi, xa umntu egcina indawo ethile ebonakalayo, inokugqalwa njengemfutshane okanye ubude. Kukwamiselwa ngokukwazi kweliso ukubona izinto ezithile.
i-symptomatology
Iingxaki zinokuthi zenzeke nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ubumfama umzekelo yingxaki enokugqiba umndilili opheleleyo okanye inxalenye yokubona kwakunye nemida yokuchaza izinto nezinto. Phakathi koonobangela bayo kusenokubakho iingxaki ekuzalweni ngenxa yeemeko zofuzo.
Kwakhona kwiingxaki ngexesha nasemva kokuzalwa komntwana, apho ukuziphatha okubonakalayo kwabantwana kufuneka kujongwe ngokweenkcukacha. Ukutyelela ukubonisana kwabantwana kubalulekile ekugqibeleni, ingcali iya kukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba kukho naluphi na uhlobo lwengxaki.
Ukuguquka kwemvelo
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokuxilongwa, ubumfama kunye nezinye iingxaki ezibonakalayo ezenzeka ngexesha lobomi bomntu kufuneka ziphathwe ngokukhawuleza yi-ophthalmologist. Ukulahlekelwa yimbono ngokuthe ngcembe kunokukhokelela kwingxaki apho ubumfama bufikelele kwinqanaba elingapheliyo.
Kwimeko yabantu abadala, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela i-presbyopia njengengxaki eqala ukubonakalisa emva kweminyaka engama-40. Nangona kukho unyango oluthile lokulungiswa kwayo, abaninzi abantu bavame ukusebenzisa iilensi zokulungisa ezingathinteli imisebenzi yabo.
Olu hlobo lokuxilongwa aluthathwa njengoluhlobo lokukhubazeka kodwa luyi-anomaly jikelele. Ngokubhekiselele kubantu asebekhulile, yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu ukuba emva kweminyaka engama-60 okanye i-70, ilahleko ebonakalayo ebonakalayo iqala ukubonwa.
Ukushokoxeka
Ukulinganiselwa kwenzeka xa isigulane ngokuqinisekileyo singenako umgangatho wombono, ukusilela kwabo kubonakaliswa ngokungakwazi ukubona phantse nantoni na, enokuthi ithathwe njengobumfama obupheleleyo. Kule meko, izigulana zibhekwa njengezikhubazekileyo, sele zinemida enzima kwaye kufuneka zifunde ukukhokela ubomi ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo loqhagamshelwano olubonakalayo.
Ngoko ke baphuhlisa ezinye izivamvo zokukhangela ukuhlanganiswa kwabo, ukuzalwa okanye izifo zokuzalwa ezikhokelela kubumfama yi-cataract, i-glaucoma, i-retinopathy kunye neemeko zokungaboni kwabantwana kunye ne-trachoma. Nangona kusoloko kubalulekile ukujonga ukuziphatha okubonakalayo kwabantwana.
Izisombululo
Ukusikelwa umda kobumfama obungapheliyo kuye kwakhokelela ekuvelisweni kwenkqubo yokufunda ngeBraille kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, eyadalwa ngowe-1822 sisazinzulu esingumFrentshi uLouis Braille, owathi, ecinga ngezalamane ezakhe zathwaxwa bubumfama, wavelisa inkqubo yokuqhambuka okuncinane ngokwemilo. amanqaku, ukumisela oonobumba namanani.
Le nkqubo ineengongoma ezihlanganiswe ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo apho abantu banokufunda ngendlela eqhelekileyo ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo. Amanqaku avumela ukunika inkcazo yeleta kunye nokuseka ikhowudi apho ukufundwa kukhula ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
Namhlanje le nkqubo isetyenziswa kumaziko athile nakwiindawo ezithile apho abantu abanengxaki yokubona baqhubeka nokusebenzisa le nkqubo. Kwimeko yokufunda, inkqubo iye yavela kwaye inkqubo yamanqaku esekelwe kwiBreyile ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Large Print" isetyenziswa.
Enye indlela abantu abangaboniyo abasebenzisa ngayo ukukwazi ukuhamba ngeentonga. Yenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, zizinto zakudala zokugqwesa kwemfama. Kukho iiplastiki zesintu okanye zeplanga apho umntu anokuva iindawo aza kuhamba kuzo. Ukongeza, kukho izibonda ezisongayo ezisebenza ukubambelela kwisandla sakho ukunqanda ukuba singawi.
Ezi zinto zinceda iimfama kwaye zibavumela ukuba baphephe izinto kunye nezinto ezinokuba sendleleni yazo. Kwelinye icala, kukho iintambo ezinezinzwa ezibonisa umntu ukuba kukho into ekufutshane okanye into enokuthintela ukuhamba kwazo. Enye indlela yoswazi ikwancediswa kusetyenziswa oko kubizwa ngokuba zizinja ezikhokelayo. Zizilwanyana eziqeqeshelwe ukukhokela nokunceda abantu abaziimfama.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimimiselo kunye nomthetho, kwilizwe ngalinye lehlabathi kukho imimiselo ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezingaboniyo, kunyanzelekile kwaye nakwiindawo ezithile kukhuthazwa ukuba kusetyenziswe imibhobho ye-fluorescent, ingcamango kukuchonga iintlobo ukukhubazeka kule meko iimfama.
Ngokukwanjalo, kucingwa ngokwahlukileyo apho iimfama zinokungena nezinja ezikhokelayo kwiindawo apho kuqwalaselwa ukwalelwa kwazo. Imimiselo iseka ukusetyenziswa kwemaski kwinja ukwenzela ukuphepha iingxaki nabanye abantu.
iteknoloji yabangaboniyo
Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha ithatha iindidi zokhubazeko ngenxa yobumfama kumanqanaba okunciphisa imida yabo. Kule mihla, izixhobo zobuchwepheshe zenziwe zafumaneka kubemi abaninzi ezibangela inguqu kwintsimi yobomi bentlalo kunye nonxibelelwano.
Njengomzekelo sinokukhomba inkqubo yeenkqubo ezibizwa ngokuba yiJaws, eyisoftware evumela abantu abangaboniyo ukuba basebenzise iiprosesa. Inkqubo ye-high-tech inekhibhodi ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yendalo yonke egxininisa ezinye iimpawu kwaye ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba azi indawo yeeleta kwaye enze iinkqubo ezithile zekhompyutha.
Obunye ubugcisa bukwadala iilensi eziqhagamshelwe kumajelo athile emithambo-luvo, apho isigulana sinokufumana imifanekiso ethile kuleyo ihanjiswa ngumbukeli. Nangona ingakhange ifikelele kuphuhliso olupheleleyo nolupheleleyo, inkqubela phambili sele iqalile ukubonwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ukusetyenziswa kweselfowuni kunye neenkqubo zoyilo lwendalo yonke kuvumela abantu abakhubazekileyo ukuba basebenzise imisebenzi eyenziwa ngamaxesha onke ngamathoni kunye nemiyalelo yelizwi. Umsebenzisi unokulawula isixhobo esebenzisa ilizwi labo kunye nokuchukumisa, oku kubavumela ukuba bahlale benxibelelana kwaye bakwazi ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yangoku.
i-visceral organic
Olu hlobo lokukhubazeka lucingwa kwabo bantu banohlobo oluthile lokusilela kumalungu angaphakathi emizimbeni yabo. Iingxaki kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwezigulana zibekwe naphi na kwaye iimeko ezikhoyo zokunciphisa iimpawu zabo zomzimba ezixeliswa kakhulu.
Eli qela libandakanya abantu abaneengxaki eziphezulu zesifo sikashukela, izigulane ezineengxaki zentliziyo kunye nabantu abanokukhubazeka kwe-neuronal. Ngokukwanjalo, akanalo naluphi na uhlobo lwenkuthazo kuba iingcinga kunye neengcinga zakhe zijolise ekuthinteleni okuveliswa sesi sifo.
Iingxaki ngokubanzi zidibene nezifo ezithile ze-pathological ezingenakuguqulwa, ngoko kufuneka uphile kunye nemida ebalulekileyo. Ezinye izifo ezinxulumene nolu hlobo lokukhubazeka zidibene nezifo zentliziyo, zohlobo lwe-immunological kunye nokuphefumula, kwiinkqubo zokugaya kunye ne-endocrine, kunye nezo zohlobo lwe-neurological.
Ezi zigulana zifanelwe ukuphumla rhoqo kwaye ukuba ngaba zikowuphi na umbutho okanye inkampani kufuneka zibe nazo zonke iingqwalasela zetyala, de ukungakwazi kwabo ukusebenza kunokuqwalaselwa ngokusemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, le meko ayipheli ingxaki ngabantu ngokwembono yentlalo. Bamele baqhubeke nobomi babo benyamezele imida eveliswa lolu hlobo lwesigulo, kude kube yiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi babo.
Imithetho ikwamisela iimeko ezithile kwezi zigulana, nangona kunjalo, ukuqwalaselwa kolu hlobo lwesigulana kungumbandela wesazela soluntu. Bonke abanye abemi kufuneka bavumele ngokuzithandela kwaye basebenzisane ekufikeleleni kwiinkonzo, iipasiti zembeko kwaye baphephe imigca kumaziko oluntu kunye neebhanki.
engqondweni nangokwengqondo
Imeko yolu hlobo lwamandla ihambelana nayo yonke inkqubo ye-nervous central, ingxaki yokukhubazeka inokubonakaliswa ngeengxaki ze-pathological okanye ingabi sisifo kodwa i-cranioencephalic anomaly.
Nangona ezinye iingcali zibiza kuphela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, namhlanje olu hlobo lwengxaki luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nayo yonke into enxulumene neemeko zengqondo kunye nokwahluka kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, iingxoxo ezinkulu ziye zasekwa apho ezinye iiparadigms ziqhubeka ziyimiqobo ethile.
Kwinkalo yengqondo, iintlobo zokukhubazeka kwengqondo zisekelwe kwindlela abantu abanokulinganiselwa ngayo ukwenza imisebenzi kunye neenkqubo zengqondo kunye nengqondo, eyahlukileyo kwindlela umntu olinganiselayo angayenza ngayo.
i-symptomatology
Izigulane ezizichaza ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo zimele kwaye ziseke ukuziphatha okuhambelana nokungabikho kokulungelelaniswa kweemeko zentlalo kunye nokubonelela ngeempendulo kwizenzo. Aba bantu banemida ekwanelisekeni komntu wabo ngokubhekiselele kwimo engqongileyo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ingxaki ivele kwi-100% yengqondo yakho.
Abakhubazekileyo ngokwasengqondweni abaniki zimpendulo zilungileyo kwizenzo ezinxulumene nokwenza izigqibo kwaye abacingi ngexabiso elibalulekileyo kwabanye. Ukubandakanywa kwaba bantu kuluntu ngamanye amaxesha kunyuka kwaye kwezinye iimeko, abantu ngabanye abavumelani ngokupheleleyo.
Inkcukacha ekuthandeni kwayo kukuba igcina ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo kwezenzo zayo. Noko ke, oku kubonisa ukuba likheswa ngokweemvakalelo, nto leyo ebangela ingxaki eyongezelelekileyo kumalungu entsapho ekufuneka ajamelane nayo. Ngokufunda inqaku elilandelayo ulawulo lweemvakalelo Uya kuqonda indlela iimvakalelo ezilawulwa ngayo.
Izizathu
Kukholelwa ukuba iingxaki zolu hlobo zinokunxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwemfuza okudalwe kwaye kwakhiwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakheka esibelekweni, ezi meko ziyaziwa kakhulu kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yiDown Syndrome. Kwiimeko ezithile banokubonisa njengeengxaki zokuzalwa ngexesha lokubeleka okanye emva kokuzalwa.
Iingxaki zokungondleki kunye nokungondleki kakuhle kukamama, zikhetha ukusilela kakhulu komntwana ongekazalwa. Kwakhona ubukho bezifo zentsholongwane egazini ezifana ne-HIV, nezifo ezikhoyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa ezifana ne-rubella. Iingxaki zinokuvela nakusetyenziso oluphezulu lotywala neziyobisi.
Utshintsho olubangelwa kukungahambi kakuhle kwinkqubo ye-nervous central okanye ukulimala kwentloko kunokudala izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwiindlela zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zakhe nawuphi na umntu. Ukubonakala kwezifo ezifana ne-meningitis kunye nokungabikho kwe-oksijini ye-cerebral kubangela iingxaki ezithile kwi-neurons yengqondo kunye nemigudu ye-nerve.
Ezinye izizathu zinokuvela kwizinto zangaphandle ezifana nokungondleki ngexesha lokukhula, ukungabikho kwengqalelo, ubundlobongela bentsapho kunye nokulahlwa njengezinye iindlela zokuguqula ukuziphatha. banokuchaphazela ngokwengqondo utshintsho lwe-nervous olukhokelela kamva kuhlobo lokukhubazeka ekunzima ukunyanga.
buyela umva
Esinye sezigulo zengqondo asijongwa njenge-pathological kodwa ukuba sibonwa njengento engaqhelekanga yiAutism. Ingxaki yengqondo kunye nengqondo eyenzeka kubantwana ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu. Ayijongwa njengokudodobala kwengqondo ngolo hlobo, kodwa luhlobo lokuphazamiseka okungekachazwa.
Ukwahlukaniswa, ukungakwazi ukuqonda izinto kunye nokuziqhelanisa nentlalontle kumisela iinkalo zesi sifo njengohlobo lokukhubazeka ekufuneka kuqwalaselwe. I-Autism ikwabonakaliswa ngokuba neengxaki zonxibelelwano kunye nendlela ofuna ukunxibelelana ngayo nelizwe lakho.
Ngokuba nabantu abanezi ntlobo zeengxaki, kukho ukubonakaliswa kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga ezinokubangela inkxalabo kwaneengxaki ezithile zohlobo lwentsapho. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiphononongo zicinga ukuba iimeko ezithile ze-Autism zinokubangela uhlobo oluthile lokudodobala kwengqondo ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo eya kuba yingxaki eyongezelelweyo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, abantu abafunyaniswa benoluphazamiseko babengabonwa njengabakhubazekileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye ngokukodwa ekuqaleni kwe-2000s iintlobo zokukhubazeka ngokwe-WHO babeyingxelo echaza izizathu zokuba kutheni i-autism kufuneka ithathwe njengohlobo lokukhubazeka.
Imoto
Besifuna ukuluyeka okokugqibela olu hlobo lokukhubazeka kuba sicinga ukuba lolona lukhoyo ebantwini. Kukwabangelwa zezinye izifo eziye zakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ukukhubazeka kumntu omnye.
Los iintlobo zokukhubazeka kwemoto ukunciphisa kakhulu iintshukumo ezisisiseko neziqhelekileyo kuye nawuphi na umntu. Kwezinye inokuba yinxalenye kwaye abanye ubomi. Kwakhona kubangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Azihlelwanga ngenxa yokuba ziyilifa, nangona kukho izifo kubantwana apho, ngokungasebenzisi isitofu esithile sokugonya, kunokukhokelela ekubonakalisweni okubalulekileyo kwengxaki yemoto. Iziphumo zihluke, zivelisa ukunyakaza okungalawulwayo emzimbeni, ubunzima bokulungelelanisa ukunyakaza, ukungaboni kakuhle kunye noluhlu lokuva, ukungabikho kokulungelelanisa, phakathi kwezinye iingxaki.
Ibangelwa yintoni?
Ukuba sihlolisisa iingxaki zangaphakathi, oko kukuthi, ezibangelwa zizifo ze-pathological okanye ezibangelwa ubuchopho obuthile kunye ne-neurological anomalies, sinezo zohlobo olusulelayo. Phakathi kwabo i-poliomyelitis, uhlobo lwentsholongwane, phakathi kwabo nguGuillan Barré Syndrome, i-rheumatic kunye ne-neurological efana ne-stroke (ingozi ye-cerebrovascular) kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
Kwakhona i-arteriovenous malformation kwintambo yomgogodla okanye ingqondo, i-cerebral palsy, i-multiple sclerosis, i-myelomeningocele phakathi kwabanye. Uhlobo lwangaphandle olubangelwa iingozi kunye nokulimala kwentloko kunye ne-spina bifida, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kunye nokuqhekeka okungenakuguqulwa kwemisipha kunye namathambo emilenzeni nasezandla.
Iingozi zasemsebenzini ngamanye amaxesha zisenokubangela ukukhubazeka kwemoto, iingozi zendlela okanye nje ukuwa okuyingozi apho umnqonqo wonzakala, kushiya amalungu kunye netorso ikwimeko engathathi hlangothi kwaphela. Ukukhubazeka kweemoto kunokuhlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- I-Paresthesias, apho ukuncipha kolunye uhlobo lwamandla e-muscle kubonakaliswa, ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kunye nokukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo.
- I-Plegias, efana ne-paresthesia kodwa ngomonakalo kwi-muscle okanye kwi-nerve, ilahlekelwa yintshukumo kunye nokuqina. I-Plegias izibonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi: i-monoplegia xa ichaphazela ilungu elinye okanye ilungu, i-hemiplegia ichaphazela enye inxalenye yomzimba, nokuba ngasekunene okanye ngasekhohlo, i-diplegia ichaphazela amalungu amabini okanye amalungu omzimba kunye ne-quadriplegia apho imilenze emine ephezulu ikhubazekile. ngaphantsi.
Izixhobo
Umntu onengxaki yokukhubazeka kwemoto uneengxaki ezinzulu zokushukuma, ngakumbi ekhayeni lakhe okanye xa efuna ukuphuma ayokwenza umsebenzi othile. Ubunzima buvela xa ukhwela izitebhisi, iindlela zokuhamba, ukungena kwiteksi okanye ibhasi, ukudlula iikhaphethi, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ii-ofisi zikasodolophu ezohlukeneyo kunye noorhulumente boomasipala baseka imimiselo nemimiselo apho iinkonzo zoluntu kufuneka zikulungele ukuphumeza amanyathelo apho izakhiwo nezakhiwo, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kunye nazo zonke ezo zinxulumene neefomu ezithintela abakhubazekileyo ekuhlanganiseni.
Zilungelelanise uphuhliso olungcono kunye nokusebenza kwabantu abanezi ngxaki. Kumazwe amaninzi siyayibona indlela izithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezizilungelelanisa ngayo iimeko ezithile ukuze abantu abaneziphene bakwazi ukufikelela kuzo. Ngokunjalo, amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nolwazi aphunyeziwe ukuze abemi ngokwabo bakwazi ukunceda ukudibanisa aba bantu.
Inani elikhulu labantu kufuneka lisebenzise izixhobo ezifana nezitulo ezinamavili ezi-ergonomic kunye nabahambahambayo ukuze bakwazi ukuhambahamba. Abanye banokhubazeko oluyinxenye kwaye abanye abanakuguqulwa okanye baphelele.
Kwinqanaba labasebenzi, kukho imigaqo kunye nemithetho ethethelela ukuthethelelwa kokukhubazeka kwakho phambi kwenkampani okanye umbutho. Aba bantu, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yempilo yabo, banokuphumla ixesha elithile okanye basebenzise iinkqubo ukuze bangaze baphinde basebenze kwezo ndawo.
Wonke umntu emhlabeni unabantu abahluphekayo kuhlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka ecaleni kwethu. Ingcebiso yethu kukunceda kwaye wenze aba bantu baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngumsebenzi wabo bonke ukubonelela ngeyona ntsebenziswano inkulu kulo mba.
Engqondweni yomntu ngamnye onesiphene kukho iingcamango ezinamandla kakhulu ezinxulumene nemida abanikelayo, zimele ziqwalaselwe kodwa zingenzi buhlungu.