Iidemon kunye nemimoya emdaka inamagama amaninzi kunye neempawu nos baye beza ngezithethe zebandla, imibhalo yabangcwele, iBhayibhile kunye namanye amaxwebhu ngalo mbandela. Kweli nqaku siza kugubungela ezinye ze iintlobo zeedemon kunye neenkcazo zabo, kwabo bathanda ezi zihloko.
iintlobo zeedemon
Iingelosi kunye needemon ziye zahlelwa njengabantu abanobubele, abakhohlakeleyo, abaphikisayo, okanye abangathathi hlangothi abalamla phakathi kweendawo ezingcwele nezingcolileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo nganye.
izidalwa Benevolent, ngokuqhelekileyo izithunywa zezulu kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iziporho izinyanya okanye ezinye izidalwa zomoya eziye placated ngamadini okanye ezinye amasiko, ukunceda abantu ukuzuza ulwalamano olufanelekileyo noThixo, ezinye izidalwa zomoya, okanye iimeko ezinzima ebomini bomntu ngamnye.
Ngokuchasene noko, izidalwa ezikhohlakeleyo zimelwe ziidemon, iingelosi eziwileyo, imimoya, imimoya emdaka kwindalo, izidalwa ezixubileyo, i-daevas yeZoroastrianism, i-narakas okanye izidalwa zesihogo seJainism, i-oni okanye abancedisi boothixo be umhlaba wabafileyo kwiinkonzo zaseJapan nezinye izidalwa ezinjalo.
Ezi zidalwa zizinto ezithintela abantu ekufikeleleni ubudlelwane obufanelekileyo noThixo, indawo yomoya okanye iimeko ezahlukeneyo zobomi kwaye ekugqibeleni bayasilela ekukhuleni kwabo ngokomoya.
Kukholelwa ukuba ezinye iingelosi zawa kwindawo ekufutshane noThixo, njengoLusifa, owathi emva kokuwa kwakhe wabizwa ngokuba nguSathana ngabameli bokuqala beBandla lobuYuda, ubuKristu nobuSilamsi, oku kwenzeka ngenxa yekratshi okanye iinzame zokurhwaphiliza. isikhundla soPhezukonke.
Ngenxa yesikhundla sazo njengezithunywa zezulu eziwileyo, iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zeedemon zizama ukuthintela abantu ekubeni babe nolwalamano olulungileyo noThixo ngokubaphembelela esonweni nasebubini. Abanye abaphengululi bamaxesha aphakathi benzululwazi yeedemon bathi izono ezisixhenxe ezibulalayo zabangelwa kulawulo lweedemon ezinkulu ezisixhenxe:
- Lucifer: ibhongo.
- Mammon: ukunyoluka.
- UAsmodeus: uburheletya.
- Sathana: ngumsindo.
- Bhelezebhule: lidlakudla.
- ILeviyatan: umona.
- Belphegor: ukonqena.
Ukongeza ekuphembeleleni isono, iidemon okanye izithunywa zezulu eziwileyo zazibalelwa ebubini obuninzi, kwakusithiwa zibekek’ ityala ngamashwa amaninzi, iingozi neentlekele zemvelo.
Njengemimoya engendawo yendalo ekwiinkonzo eziphila kubomi nezantlandlolo, iindidi ngeendidi zeedemon zazijongwa njengabathunywa bendlala, izifo, imfazwe, iinyikima, ukufa ngengozi, nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ezahlukahlukeneyo okanye okungokweemvakalelo.
Nangona imisebenzi yabantu abakhohlakeleyo, enjengeedemon kunye nezithunywa zezulu eziwileyo, ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkonzo ezininzi, imo yala manani kudala ixakekisa abafundi bezakwalizwi kunye nabantu abazele lunqulo oludumileyo.
Njengeengelosi, iidemon zijongwa njengezidalwa zomoya kwaye zingezomzimba, kodwa kwi-iconography yenkolo zichazwa kwaye zimelwe njengezidalwa ezixubileyo ezineempawu ezoyikisayo okanye njenge-caricatures yezithixo ezivela kwenye inkolo.
Kwiinkonzo zakudala, kwakukho inkolelo yokuba izithixo zobuhedeni zazihlala iidemon kunye neempawu zabo kunye nemiba eyoyikekayo ziye zamelwa kwiisampulu ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa bexesha eliphakathi kunye nezo zexesha lohlaziyo, kunye neemaski zeeshamans, amagqirha kunye nababingeleli. yeenkolo zomthonyama.
Konke oku ngenjongo yokoyikisa ikholwa ukuba liziphathe ngokwemigaqo eyamkelekileyo okanye lizikhusele kumandla awo nawaphi na amandla eedemon azulazula kummandla wasemhlabeni.
Iidemon kunye nezinye izidalwa kwiinkolo zehlabathi
Izidalwa eziPhakathi phakathi kweendawo ezingcwele nezingcolileyo zithatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwiinkonzo zehlabathi: izidalwa zasezulwini nezinobubele, iidemoni, iidemon noomoya abakhohlakeleyo, iziporho, iziporho namadlozi, kunye nemimoya yendalo kunye nemimoya emdaka.
Inkolelo nganye ehlabathini inika iimpawu neempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo nezahluka-hlukeneyo kubantu abanamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo kwaye kule meko kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeedemoni. Siza kwazi ezinye ngokwenkolo:
kwiinkolo zemveli
KwiZoroastrianism, ubuYuda, ubuKristu kunye nobuSilamsi, ezibonakaliswe njengeenkolo ze-monotheistic ezibona i-cosmos njengendalo emithathu, zombini iingelosi kunye needemon zikhulelwa ngokubanzi njengemimoya yemvelaphi yasezulwini, kodwa abaye benza izigqibo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngoko bakwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Noko ke, kwinkolelo ethandwayo yabantu abasezi nkonzo, kukho uloyiko oluthile lweziporho, iziporho, iidemon, iidemon noomoya abangendawo, eziphembelela abantu, imeko yabo nemisebenzi yabo emhlabeni.
Izidalwa zasezulwini zinokuba nobubele okanye zikhohlakele, zilungile okanye zimbi, kuxhomekeke kubudlelwane babo noMntu oPhakamileyo. Kwelinye icala, iidemon noomoya abangendawo abaphembelela abantu kwindima yabo njengezidalwa zasemhlabeni zibonwa ngabantu njengabakhohlakeleyo.
Izithunywa zezulu zidla ngokudityaniswa ngokwezine, ezintandathu, okanye ezisixhenxe kudidi lokuqala, ekunokuba zininzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezine, okufuzisela ukugqibelela kwaye kuhambelana neengongoma ezine zekhadinali, kufumaneka kubuYuda, ubuKristu kunye nobuSilamsi.
I-Zoroastrianism yamandulo, ephenjelelwe kakhulu zinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi zase-Iran yamandulo, yalungelelanisa ingqikelelo yemimandla esixhenxe yeplanethi eyaziwayo kunye nenkolelo yayo kwi-heptad yezidalwa zasezulwini, okt i-amesha spendas ka-Ahura Mazdā:
- Spenta Mainyu: uMoya oyiNgcwele.
- Vohu Mana: unengqondo entle
- Ash: yinyani,
- Ārmaiti: ukuthi tye kwengqondo
- Khshathra: Ubukumkani
- Haurvatāt: ngokupheleleyo
- Ameretat: Ukungafi.
Kwinkolo yobuZoroastrian kamva, nangona ingekho kwiiGāthās okanye kumaculo amandulo, ekukholelwa ukuba abhalwa nguZoroaster, yaye kwizibhalo ezingcwele zikaAvesta, uAhura Mazdā noSpenta Mainyu badityaniswa kunye baza abaseleyo abangafiyo abaseleyo bahlanganiswa ngokolandelelwano lwesithandathu. .
Ukujongana nabantu abangafiyo abancedisayo ekuhlanganiseni umhlaba ongokomoya kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, yayingumlingani woMoya oyiNgcwele, owaziwa ngokuba ngu-Angra Mainyu, uMoya oMbi, owathi kamva waba ngumchasi omkhulu u-Ahriman.
Ngokufana noSathana wamaYuda, amaKristu kunye namaSilamsi kunye namaDaevas, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yayingoothixo benkolo yokuqala yase-Indo-Iranian. Ukudityaniswa no-Angra Mainyu kunye ngokuchasene nezidalwa zokukhanya kwakukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeedemon:
- I-Akoman okanye Ingqondo Embi.
- Indrā-vāyū okanye Ukufa.
- Saurva a daeva yokufa kunye nesifo.
- UNāñhaithya, i-daeva ehlobene nothixo wamaVeda uNāsatya.
- I-Taurus, yeyona nto inzima ukuyichonga
- I-Zairi, isimntwiso se-haoma, isiselo esingcwele esinxulumene nemibingelelo ye-ahuras kunye ne-daevas.
- I-Ashma, ubundlobongela, ingqumbo okanye ifuthe elinobundlongondlongo, elinxulunyaniswa nedemon uAsmodeus evela kwincwadi kaTobit.
- Āz . inkanuko okanye inkanuko.
- Mithrāndruj, ixoki okanye ubuxoki.
- UJēh, uhenyuzo, owadalwa kamva nguAhriman ukuba angcolise uluntu
I-Angelology kunye nedemonology kubuYuda zakhula ngakumbi ngexesha nasemva kwexesha lokuthinjwa eBhabhiloni, phakathi kwe-XNUMXth kunye ne-XNUMXth inkulungwane BC, xa kwasekwa unxibelelwano neZoroastrianism.
KwiBhayibhile yesiHebhere, uYehova ubizwa ngokuba yiNkosi yemikhosi, ezi zibizwa ngokuba yiSabaoth okanye imikhosi yasezulwini elwa nemikhosi yobubi kwaye iphumeze imisebenzi kunye nezabelo, ikhusela ukungena kweparadesi, ijezisa abangendawo nabenzi bobubi, ikhusele imikhosi. amadoda athembekileyo nalungileyo kwaye atyhila iLizwi likaThixo ebantwini.
Izithunywa zezulu ezibini zikhankanyiwe kuluhlu lwemibhalo engcwele: uMikayeli, inkokeli yomkhosi wasezulwini, noGabriyeli, umthunywa wasezulwini. Kwelinye icala, kukho abanye ababini abakhankanyiweyo kwiBhayibhile yesiHebhere engaphefumlelwanga: uRafayeli, umphilisi okanye umncedi kaThixo kwincwadi kaTobhite noUriyeli, uMlilo kaThixo, umlindi wehlabathi.
Nangona ezi zikuphela ezine amagama, izithunywa zezulu ezisixhenxe zikhankanyiwe kuTobias 12: 15 , kodwa azikho nje kuphela, ngaphezu kwezithunywa zezulu, kwakukho neminye imiyalelo yeengelosi: iikerubhi kunye neeserafi, ezikhankanywe ngasentla.
Phantsi kwempembelelo yeZoroastrianism, uSathana umchasi mhlawumbi waba yidemon enkulu, eyalela ezinye iidemon ezibandakanya:
- I-Azazeli - idemon yasentlango, efakwe kwi-Azazeli.
- ILeviyatan noRahabhi: iidemon zesiphithiphithi.
- ULilith - Idemon yasebusuku yabasetyhini.
Ukuze azikhusele kumandla eedemon nemimoya engcolileyo, amaYuda awayephenjelelwa ziinkolelo nezithethe ezithandwayo, njengamaKristu kwixesha elithile kamva, asebenzisa amakhubalo ngokufuthi, izikhohlakali namakhubalo, elungiswa aze adityaniswe nemigaqo esebenzayo yokuzikhusela.
UbuKristu, mhlawumbi buphenjelelwa yingelosi yamanye amahlelo angamaYuda afana nabaFarisi namaEssene, kunye nehlabathi lamaGrike, baphucula kwaye baphuhlisa ngakumbi iingcamango kunye neenkolelo kwiingelosi kunye needemon.
Ngokukodwa kwiTestamente eNtsha, izidalwa zasezulwini zadityaniswa zaba ngamaqela asixhenxe: izithunywa zezulu, iingelosi, izikhulu, amagunya, izidima, ubukhosi, kunye neetrone. Ukongeza kwezi, iTestamente eNdala iikherubhi kunye neeserafi zongezwa, ezithi kunye nezinye izikhundla ezisixhenxe zenza iikwayala ezilithoba zezithunywa zezulu kwizakwalizwi yobuKristu eyimfihlakalo.
Amanani aliqela awahlukeneyo emiyalelo yezithunywa zezulu aye anikelwa ngababhali bamaKristu okuqala, ngokomzekelo: ezine, kwi<em>The Sibylline Oracles, ezintandathu, kwiShepherd of Hermas, incwadi eyamkelwa njengengcwele kwezinye iicawa zasekuhlaleni zamaKristu okuqala, nezisixhenxe, kwiincwadi. kaClement waseAleksandriya nabanye abafundisi bezakwalizwi ababalulekileyo.
Kuzo zombini iinkolelo ezithandwayo kunye nezakwalizwi, inani liye labekwa kwisixhenxe, kodwa alinakuphikiswa ukuba izithunywa zezulu ezifumene ingqalelo enkulu kunye nokuhlonelwa kubuKristu yayizingelosi ezine ezikhankanywe kwiTestamente eNdala kunye ne-Apocrypha. UMichael waba yintandokazi yabaninzi kwaye ekusebenzeni, kwabakho ukudideka kunye noSaint George, naye owayengumlo, kodwa abazalani.
I-Demonology iye yahlaziywa ebuKristwini enokuthi yamkelekile kwi-Zoroastrianism, umzekelo amagama akhankanywe nguYesu ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo njengoko iidemon zavela, ezi:
- USathana, utshaba olukhulu lukaKristu.
- Lusifa, iLightbringer ewileyo.
- UBhelezebhule, iNkosi yeempukane okanye uBhelezebhule, iNkosi yeeNgqungquthela.
Ingqikelelo kunye negama elithi usathana lithatyathwe kwingcinga yeZoroastrian ye-daevas kunye negama lesiGrike idabolo, eliguqulela njengomnyelisi okanye ummangaleli, ngokufanayo nembono yamaYuda engoSathana. Njengamandla athile eedemon okanye ubungendawo obumntwisiweyo, eyona nto yayisetyenziswa nguMtyholi yayikukuhenda abantu ukuba benze izinto ngendlela yokuba bangaliphumezi ikamva labo lezulu nomhlaba.
Ngenxa yokuba iidemon kwakukholelwa ukuba zihlala kwiindawo ezingenamanzi, apho abantu abalambileyo nabadiniweyo babedla ngokubona izinto ezibonwayo neziviwayo, iimonki zamaKristu okuqala zaya entlango, ukuze zibe ngamagosa aphambili omkhosi kaThixo ngokuthelela edabini nxamnye nezi zidalwa zingendawo.
Babehlala babalisa kwaye babhale iimeko apho umtyholi wabonakala kubo emibonweni njengomfazi onomtsalane, ebahenda ukuba baphule izifungo zabo zokuhlala benyulu ngokwesondo, emzimbeni nasengqondweni.
Ngamaxesha athile kubuKristu baseYurophu, ngakumbi kumaXesha Aphakathi, ukunqulwa kweedemon nokuqhelisela ubugqwirha kwaxhokonxa ingqumbo yecawa nabantu, kwabo baberhanelwa ukuba baqhelisela izithethe zobudemon.
Isithethe esasisaziwa kwaye sasitshutshiswe kwixesha elidlulileyo yayiyintando yabantu abamnyama eyaziwayo, umsitho ofana nebandla lobuKristu owawusithiwa umva kunye nomnqamlezo oguqulweyo esibingelelweni. Ubugqwirha nobugqwirha buye banxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nobudemon kwingcinga yobuKristu, ngakumbi kumazwe aseNtshona.
Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-XNUMX, ngokunxulumene nomdla ovuselelweyo kumandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, bekukho ubungqina bokuvuselelwa konqulo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeedemon kunye nomlingo omnyama, nangona oku ngokuqhelekileyo kwakuthintelwe kwiimvaba ezincinci eziye zavela. ixesha elifutshane kakhulu.
I-Angelology kunye nedemonology kwiSilamsi zihambelana ngokusondeleyo neemfundiso ezifanayo kubuYuda nakubuKristu.
Ukongeza kubaphathi abane betrone ka-Allah, ezinye iingelosi ezine zaziwa kakuhle: uJibrīl okanye uGabriyeli, ingelosi yesityhilelo, uMīkāl okanye uMikayeli ingelosi yendalo, ebonelela abantu ngokutya nolwazi, Izrāʾīl, ingelosi yokufa. noIsrāfil, ingelosi ebeka umphefumlo emzimbeni ize ivuthele ixilongo loMgwebo wokuGqibela.
Iidemon zikwakhuphisana ngokulawula ubomi babantu, oyena udumileyo nodume ngokuba ngu-Iblis okanye uMtyholi, ohenda abantu, noShayṭan okanye uSathana.
Kwiinkonzo zaseMpuma
Kwiinkolelo zaseMpuma, umsebenzi wezithunywa zezulu wenziwa ngabantu ababizwa ngokuba yi-avatars kunye ne-bodhisattvas, phakathi kwezinye izinto zomoya ezinokufana okuninzi, ezithathwa ngamakholwa njengezandiso zikaThixo.
Inkolelo yeedemon yayixhaphakile yaye ixhaphakile, iphembelela amasiko nezithethe ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze kuliwe nemikhosi yazo eyingozi, eyenzakalisa abantu nendalo.
Kwi-Hinduism, i-asuras ziidemon ezichasayo i-devas okanye oothixo, bobabini bakhuphisana ne-homa okanye i-amrita, isiselo esingcwele esinika amandla. Kodwa kule meko uthixo uVishnu, umlondolozi, wanceda oothixo ukuze basele kuphela iamrita kwaye ngaloo ndlela babe namandla ayimfuneko phezu kweedemon. Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeedemon zamaHindu okanye ii-asuras ezithwaxa abantu zezi:
- I-nagas okanye iidemon zenyoka.
- Apho, idemon yembalela
- I-Kamsa, ithathelwe ingqalelo kwi-archdemon
- I-Rakshasas, izidalwa ezikhohlakeleyo kunye nezoyikekayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezihlasela amangcwaba, ziqhubela abantu ukuba benze izenzo zobudenge kwaye bahlasele i-sadhus okanye abantu abangcwele.
- IiPishakas, izidalwa ezihlala kwindawo apho kufe ngogonyamelo.
Ngokufuthi amaBhuda azigqala iidemon zawo njengamandla athintela abantu ekufumaneni ulonwabo olupheleleyo okanye ukupheliswa komnqweno, abawubiza ngokuba yiNirvana.
Iindidi zeedemon kwiinkolelo zamaBhuda ziquka uMara, isidalwa esingendawo esineentombi ezintathu uRati okanye umnqweno, uRaga okanye uLowolo, noTanha okanye ukuZinzisa waza waba lutshaba olukhulu lukaSiddhārtha Gautama, uBuddha, owayezama ukumkhupha endleleni yakhe. Ukhanyiselo.
Njengoko ubuBhuda baseMahayana babunwenwela kwimimandla yaseTibet, eTshayina naseJapan, uninzi lweedemon zeenkonzo ezidumileyo zale mimandla zabandakanywa kwiinkolelo zamaBhuda. Iidemon zeenkolo zaseTshayina kunye neenkolelo, i-Mogwai, zizibonakalisa kuzo zonke iinkalo zendalo. Ukongeza kwezi demon zendalo, kukho iigoblins, iifairies kunye nemimoya.
Ekubeni kwakukholelwa ukuba iidemon zikuphepha ukukhanya, amaTshayina awayephenjelelwa bubuTao neenkonzo zesintu ayesebenzisa iziqhushumbisi, iziqhushumbisi nezibane ukuze agxothe amaMogwai.” Iinkonzo zaseJapan zifana kakhulu neenkonzo zamaTshayina, xa kuthethwa ngeendidi ngeendidi zeedemon ezihlaselayo. kwaye iphazamise abantu.
Phakathi kwezona demon zoyikekayo zaseJapan kukho ii<em>oni, imimoya engendawo enamandla amakhulu, kunye ne- tengu, imimoya enabantu naleyo ngokuqhelekileyo imele ikhutshiwe ngabefundisi.
Kwiinkonzo zamandulo
Izidalwa zomoya zeenkolo zamandulo kunye nezemveli zase-Asiya, i-Afrika, i-Oceania kunye neMelika zibonwa ngokubanzi njengabantu abakhohlakeleyo okanye abanobubele, oku kuxhomekeka kwiimeko kunendalo yabo. U-Eshu, unkulunkulu wabantu baseYoruba baseNigeria, umzekelo, ubonwa njengomoya okhuselayo kunye nobubele, kunye nomoya onamandla obubi onokukhalima kwaye utyhale iintshaba zakho ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ezi zidalwa zinezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yimana okanye amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, igama lesiMelanesia elinokusetyenziswa kwimimoya nakubantu abakwizikhundla ezikhethekileyo, njengeenkosi okanye iishaman. Kunqulo lwamandulo, imimoya yendalo idla ngokunqulwa ukuze kufumaneke inkoliseko ethile, ingakumbi ukuze ikhuseleke kwiintlekele, ngokwendlela yonqulo olwalukho kwiRoma yamandulo.
Izithixo zamanyange, izidalwa ezinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, iziporho zabafileyo, neentlobo ngeentlobo zeedemon zimele zotyiswe, ngokufuthi ngokuqhutywa kwezithethe ezineenkcukacha yaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, ngokunikelwa kwamadini.
Siyakumema ukuba ujonge amanye amanqaku anomdla njengale kwibhlog yethu: