El Ingwe yeBengal, zizilwanyana ezivunyiweyo kumazwe aseIndiya, eNepal naseBangladesh nakwiAsia yonke njengophawu lwamandla namandla. Yeyona inkulu kwaye inamandla kwiifelines, zizilwanyana ezindlongondlongo kakhulu ngenxa yethuku lazo lokusinda.
Iimpawu zeTiger yaseBengal
UPanthera tigris tigris Igama lezenzululwazi le Bengal Tigers okanye nakuninzi lwesubspecies zayo, zibonakala ngokuba nomzimba ogqunywe ngemivimbo, ukusuka kumdaka okhanyayo ukuya kumnyama. Inani lemigca liphakathi kwekhulu (100) kunye nekhulu elinamashumi amahlanu (150), ububanzi kunye nomgama phakathi kwazo ziyahluka ngokohlobo, umzekelo. El Tigre osuka eSumatra ngowona unemigca emininzi, ngoxa lowo usuka eSiberia uneyona mincinane.
Imigca inomsebenzi wokuzifihla kwaye ngaloo ndlela idibanisa kunye nohlaza, imigca ifana neminwe yeminwe, oko kukuthi, akukho zingwe ezimbini ezinazo ngokufanayo.
Uboya bengwe yaseBengal
Umbala weenwele ubonakala kakhulu, usuka emthubi okhanyayo ukuya kwi-orenji eqaqambileyo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amahlosi amhlophe ayizo albinos, ngamangwe aseBengal apho umbala otyheli utshintshwe ngumhlophe. Abanye, ngendlela efanayo. , zaziwa njengezingwe zegolide, imveliso yolunye utshintsho, kodwa ezi zibonwa kuphela ekuthinjweni. iifoto zengwe yase bengal
Ubungakanani beNgwe yaseBengal
Okwangoku kuboniswa ukuba zezona ntlobo zemazi ezinkulu ehlabathini, apho inkunzi inobude obuziimitha ezi-2,70 ukuya kwi-3,10 yeemitha kwaye iimazi zinobukhulu obuncinane obuziimitha ezi-2,40 ukuya kwi-2,65 yeemitha. obu bukhulu bubude bomzimba wayo ngaphandle komsila, onokulinganisa phakathi kwe-85 centimeters kunye ne-1 meter ubude.
Umsila wehlosi usetyenziswa njengephini lokujika xa litsiba. Ikwabanceda balinganise ngokujika xa bebaleka ngesantya esiphezulu.
Ubunzima, Ubuhle kunye namandla
Ubunzima bamanye amahlosi bungaphantsi kwekhulu (100) kg ngelixa abanye bufikelela kumakhulu amabini namashumi amathathu (230) kg kwinkunzi kwaye kuxhomekeka kwingingqi ezihlala kuzo. Iimazi zolu hlobo zinobunzima obufikelela kwikhulu elinamashumi amathathu ananye (131) kg. Indoda enkulu yaseRanthambore National Park yaziwa, eyabulala abantu abane phakathi kuka-2010 kunye no-2015, eyafikelela kumakhulu amabini anamashumi amahlanu (250) kg ubunzima.
Izingwe zomelele kakhulu kwaye zikhawuleza. Bakwanayo nomzimba oguquguqukayo kakhulu kunye nesantya esikhulu se-reflexes. Yiyo loo nto bengabazingeli boyikwa ngolo hlobo. Amehlo abukhali kakhulu, amehlo akhe amnyama. Ebusuku ihlosi libona ngcono ngokuphindwe kahlanu kunomntu.
Ingwe yaseBengal ayidli ngokubaleka imigama emide. Olwabo lugqatso olufutshane nolukhawulezayo, apho bafikelela ku-55 km/h.
Uphononongo
Ngokutsho kweGuinness World Records, ingwe enkulu yaseBengal eyaziwayo yayiyindoda eyayizingelwa ngowe-1967; obulinganisa amakhulu amathathu anamashumi amabini anesibini (322) cm kwaye ubunzima bungamakhulu amathathu anamashumi asibhozo anesibhozo (388) kg. Kodwa ngokwesayensi ubunzima abubonakali buchanekile kubo kuba imilinganiselo yayo ayihambelani nobunzima bayo kwaye kubungqina befoto ihlosi alizange libonakale likhulu, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ubunzima bayo bokwenyani bungaphantsi kakhulu, lo mzekelo wazingelwa eMantla. IIndiya nguDavid Hasinger weFiladelphia Industry.
Okwangoku, lo mzekelo usasaziwe kwaye uboniswe kwiZiko laseSmithsonian, kwiHolo yeZilwanyana. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-360 bekukho ubungqina apho iisampuli zamadoda zifikelela kumakhulu amathathu anamashumi amathandathu (XNUMX) cm ubude bubonke; nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina besayensi bobukhulu obunjalo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba balinganiswe kwiigophe zomqolo.
I-Great Hunter Diet
La ukutyisa ingwe Isparkler unyana inyamakazi kwaye izingela zonke iintlobo Izilwanyana zasendle , njengenyathi yaseAsia, ixhama, i-antelope, iihagu zasendle ngokubanzi, izilwanyana ezinkulu ezitya utyani ziyixhoba elithandwayo lamahlosi. Zikwatya izilwanyana ezincinci ezifana neentaka kunye neenkawu. Emva kokutya, ihlosi lizinikela ekucoceni ngokwalo ngoncedo lolwimi lwalo.
Nangona akuqhelekanga, ngamanye amaxesha kukho iimeko ngaphezulu iimeko apho amahlosi ahlasele amathole e-rhinoceros kunye ndlovu, kwaye nokuba kwabantu abakwaziyo dubula phantsi y ukuluma kwezinye izilwanyana ezinkulu ezifana nengwe, ijaguar eyindoda efikelela kwi-1000 kg Peso kunye neebhere.
Ezi zilwanyana azifane zihlasele abantu, kodwa kwixesha lonyaka kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo zazisenzeka rhoqo, kodwa olu hlaselo lwenziwa zizilwanyana ezindala kunye/okanye ezigulayo ezazingafane zikwazi ukuzingela amanye amaxhoba.
Phantse ukuhlaselwa kwe-100 ngonyaka kubhalwe kwindawo yaseBangladesh.
Kwezinye iindawo ihlosi lijonga ukuba iingwenya azilihlaseli ngoxa lisela amanzi, xa lilamba ihlosi alicekisi nto yaye linokutya amacikilishe, amasele, izinambuzane kwanezilwanyana ezifileyo. Ihlosi linokutya ukuya kutsho kumashumi amane (40) eekhilogram zenyama ngemini enye.
Lethal Technique
Nangona zibonakala zinogonyamelo kakhulu, umlo wamahlosi awudli ngokuphela ngokufa kwayo nayiphi na kuwo. Izingwe zizingela zodwa, kuba kwiindawo ezinotyani obuninzi kuba nzima ukuhlasela ngokwamaqela, nangona zingabazingeli abachubekileyo, kuqikelelwa ukuba kwimpumelelo nganye yokuzingela ziyasilela izihlandlo ezilishumi (10) ukuya kumashumi amabini (20).
Amahlosi asondela kwixhoba lawo engakhange enze neyona ngxolo incinane, alinda egobile. Xa zikufuphi, zibaleka ngesantya esiphezulu de zifike kuzo ngokutsiba okunamandla. Amazinyo abukhali kunye neenzipho zenza enye into. Zidla ngokuzingela ebusuku ukuze zisebenzise ubumnyama kwaye amaxhoba azo nawo awasebenzi kangako.
Bahlala phi?
Amahlosi ahlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu: emahlathini, emahlathini, kumathafa anengca, iindawo ezinomgxobhozo. Ekuphela kwento abayidingayo ngamanzi, amaxhoba awoneleyo kunye nohlaza ukuze bakhuseleke. Izingwe ziyawathanda amanzi. Kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, bakholisa ukuhlamba rhoqo ukuze bazipholise.Ingwe yaseBengal yindadi ekwaziyo ukudada. Iyakwazi ukuwela imilambo namachibi angaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezintandathu (6), yinto efana naleyo ngathi uya kuqubha i-140 pools.
AmaNgwe abaleka emathafeni anengca. Zikhetha amahlathi kunye neendawo ezinengca ende, njengoko kulula kuzo ukuzingela.
Kubalulekile ukutsho ukuba inani elikhulu labantu baseBengal Tiger, elimele isithathu solu hlobo emhlabeni jikelele, lihlala kwiipaki zelizwe laseIndiya naseBangladesh. Kukwakho abantu ababalulekileyo eNepal, kwiRoyal Chitwan National Park.
Ngokubanzi, iTiger yaseBengal inokuhlala zombini kwiindawo ezibandayo nakwimimandla eshushu kakhulu. Kukho neentlobo ezifumaneka kwiintaba eziphakamileyo.
Izilwanyana Zommandla
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimazi ezifana nengonyama, iingwe zeBengal kunye neentlobo zazo, azibumbi amaqela asekuhlaleni, zizilwanyana ezihlala zodwa. ngokwamaqela amathathu okanye amane.
Iinkunzi zigada ummandla apho iimazi ezininzi zihlala namaqabane awo. Bakrwela imithi ukuyiphawula kwaye ukuphakama kophawu kubonisa ukuba likhulu kangakanani ihlosi. Maxa wambi kuye kuxelwe amatyala okuba iinkunzi zondla amantshontsho azo xa unina efile.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona kweNgwe yaseBengal
Ehlabathini lamahlosi, inkunzi nemazi zichitha malunga neentsuku ezi-6 okanye ezi-7 kunye ukuze zigqibezele ukukhwelana.
Ubushushu buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo, imo engqongileyo kunye/okanye imozulu ezihlala kuyo amahlosi.
Ukuzala kwayo kuchazwa njenge-viviparous kwaye ixesha lokumitha liziinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezine. Ihlosi likhule ngokwesondo xa lineminyaka emi-4 okanye emi-5 ubudala.
Ihlosi likhangela indawo ekhuselekileyo aza kuzala kuyo, amathole azalwa eyimfama enobunzima obuyi-1 kg kuphela, kodwa la mantshontsho mancinane anobunzima obungaphezu kwama-90 kg emva konyaka, adla ngokuba yi-litter yamantshontsho amabini okanye amathathu. Abantwana abasandul’ ukuzalwa batya ubisi lukamama kuphela de babe neenyanga ezimbini ubudala, bahlale nabantwana babo phantse iminyaka emibini.
Ukususela kwiinyanga ezimbini ubudala, amahlosi amancinane ayakwazi ukulandela unina kuhambo lwawo, ehambisa amantshontsho awo ngenyameko ukuze awakhusele kumarhamncwa. Emva kweenyanga ezintlanu baqala ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuzingeleni kwaye i-tigress ibafundisa zonke iimfihlo zokuhlala kwi-prowl kwaye bafunde ukuzingela. Imilo ephakathi kwabazalwana ibanceda bomelele yaye bakhawuleze, nto leyo ebenza bafunde ukuze baphile.
Ukususela kwiminyaka emibini, amahlosi ayakwazi ukubamba amaxhoba ngokwawo. Kuxa bohlukana nomama wabo baye kuhlala bodwa.
Iintlobo ezincinci eziye zasinda
Ukutyhubela inkulungwane yama-XNUMX, kwatshabalala iindidi ezintathu zamahlosi, ezihlanganisa iiBengal, iSiberia, Indochinese, iSouth China, izingwe zaseMalaysia, izingwe zaseCaspian ezingasekhoyo neeSunda.I-Panthera tigris sondaica) ukuba amaqela ingwe yaseSumatran kwakunye nezingwe ezingasekhoyo zaseJavan naseBalinese.
Okwangoku, kukho iindidi ezintlanu zamahlosi. Nangona zifana kakhulu, zibonisa umahluko omncinane phakathi kwazo, kuxhomekeka kwimozulu nohlaza lommandla ezihlala kuwo. Uninzi lwezingwe zisuka eBengal, ezizezi zihlala eIndiya.
Okulandelayo siza kukhankanya ii-subspecies ezine zamahlosi ezikhoyo:
ingwe yama-indochinese
Ifana ngokusondeleyo ne-Bengal, kodwa incinci kancinci kwaye inombala wedyasi emnyama.
Ingwe yeSumatra
Zezona zincinci, kuba le yi-2,30 yeemitha ubude kwaye inobunzima obuyi-120 Kg kwaye umbala weenwele zabo u-orenji ngakumbi.
Ingwe yaseSiberia
Yeyona inkulu ifikelela kumakhulu amabini anesihlanu (205) Kg, inobude obuyi 1,95 yeemitha kwaye idyasi ijiyile. Oku kungenxa yokuba ihlala kwindawo enkulu, ebandayo kumantla eAsia.
Ingwe yaseMzantsi China
Kukholeleka ukuba kushiyeke imizekelo engamashumi amabini (20) endle, ubukhulu bayo buziimitha ezi-2,60 kwaye inobunzima obumalunga neeKg ezilikhulu elineshumi (110). imizekelo yamahlosi. , Idyasi yakhe ndiyinika inkangeleko emangalisayo nenomtsalane.
ULondolozo lweTiger yaseBengal
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-100.000 kwakukho ikhulu lamawaka (5.000) amahlosi endle, namhlanje kukholeleka ukuba kusekho imizekelo ephakathi kwamawaka amahlanu (7.000) nesixhenxe (XNUMX XNUMX) kuphela.
Amahlosi asemngciphekweni omkhulu wokunyamalala, ngenxa yokukhula kwabantu emhlabeni kwaye ngenxa yoko, iindawo ezimbalwa zendalo ezinokuhlala kuzo. Njengoko zisiya zisiba mbalwa nangakumbi, amahlosi akufumanisa kunzima ukufumana iqabane aza kuzala.
Ngaphandle kokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, nangona kungekho mthethweni, amahlosi asabulawa ngenxa yoboya bawo obuhle. Amahlosi amaninzi azingelwa amayeza emveli aseTshayina, apho iindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlosi zisetyenziswa kunyango lwazo, ezinje: amabhovu, izikhonkwane, ekucingelwa ukuba zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo.
Uninzi lwezingwe zaseBengal zihlala kwiindawo zokugcina indalo nakwiipaki. Imizi yogcino-zilwanyana ikwanomsebenzi wokukhusela ezi zilwanyana ngokubambisana nemibutho yehlabathi efana neWorld Wildlife Fund emsebenzi wayo ikukuphelisa ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni nokunciphisa iingozi ezisoloko zisesichengeni kuzo isilwanyana. Ukusukela ngo-2014 inani lamahlosi aseBengal eIndiya lalimalunga nama-2.226 amahlosi.