Ekuqaleni kwembali, i-astronomy nolwazi malunga nesixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa zazisesekutsha kakhulu. Kwanezinye iimbono ezisisiseko malunga noMhlaba zazingekangqinelani kude kube ngoko. Nangona kunjalo, ingcamango ye-heliocentric inokuvela, ngenxa yokungatshintshi kwamanani athile abalulekileyo embali.
Ngokuvela kwalo mkhwa omtsha, ezininzi iintsomi okanye iinkolelo zobuxoki malunga nendawo yoMhlaba zawa. Ngelo xesha, kwakukholelwa ukuba isijikelezi-langa somntu sasisisazulu sendalo iphela, kodwa eso sijikelezi-langa sawohloka emva kokufika kukaCopernicus.
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Ukujonga kwixesha elidlulileyo. Yintoni ithiyori ye-heliocentric?
Ngexesha lenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, inkqubela yakutshanje kwinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi nokufundwa kwezijikelezi-langa yayiqhubela phambili. Ngelo xesha, uNicolaus Copernicus. yaguqula yonke into eyayicingwa ngendalo iphela, epapasha umsebenzi wakhe omtsha.
Kuyo, izinto ezisisiseko kunye neziseko zenzululwazi apho ithiyori yakhe entsha isekwe kuzo. Ukongeza, inkcazo yethiyori ye-heliocentric yasekwa ipso facto, yothusa uluntu lwesayensi.
Ngamafutshane, sisivakalisi esiphikisa isibakala sokuba kukho isijikelezi-langa esisembindini woMhlaba. Ekuqaleni, isijikelezi-langa somntu kwakukholelwa ukuba sesona sijikelezi-langa sisembindini wendalo iphela, ezijikeleziswe lilanga nezinye izijikelezi-langa.
Nangona kunjalo, xa ufunda ukuba yintoni ithiyori ye-heliocentric, kufunyenwe ukuba, ngokwenene, nguMhlaba ojikeleza ilanga. Umjikelo wayo uphenjelelwa yiyo, ngokukodwa ukuthatha iintsuku ezingama-365 ukujikeleza inkwenkwezi engumzali.
Umthombo: Google
Ngaloo ndlela, lo mzekelo kwafumaniseka ukuba ilanga lisembindini wendalo iphela endaweni yoMhlaba. Okwangoku, kuyaziwa ukuba wayengachanekanga ngokupheleleyo, ekubeni ilanga lingenalo eso sibizo sikhethekileyo.
Noko ke, ngenxa yengcamango yenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi yale mihla, yalungiswa indlela yenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Ukongeza, ezi zifundo zancediswa zizizukulwana ezizayo kunye negalelo lazo. Ubungqina boku zizifundo zikaJohannes Kepler kwi-elliptical orbits okanye uWilliam Herschel kunye netelescope yakhe emangalisayo.
Kwakutheni ukuze kubekho ungquzulwano phakathi kwethiyori ye-geocentric kunye ne-heliocentric?
Nangona kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, kwixesha elidlulileyo, Iinkolelo zenzululwazi kunye neengcamango zazingamkelwa kancinci. Emva kokuba umntu esekiwe, kwakunzima kakhulu ukutshintsha ingqondo yakhe malunga nombandela owawushumayelayo.
Phakathi kwethiyori ye-geocentric kunye ne-heliocentric, bekukho ungquzulwano ikakhulu kuba eyokuqala, yayikhetha uMhlaba osentlungwini. Oko kukuthi, uPtolemy wachaza ukuba, ujikeleze uMhlaba, ilanga, inyanga, iVenus kunye neMercury zajikeleza.
Ukongeza, ngokophando oluthile, hayi kuphela ithiyori ye-geocentric eyaseka loo nto. Kodwa, ixhasa ngamandla ukuba uMhlaba wawusembindini wendalo iphela, apho yonke into yayidlula kumjikelezo wayo.
Le ngcamango yayisekelwe ekuhlolweni rhoqo kweenkwenkwezi namakroza azo. UPtolemy waphawula into yokuba, ukuba uMhlaba uyashukuma, ukuma kweenkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni kuya kutshintsha kwaye, ngoko, amakroza.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxoxo phakathi kwethiyori ye-geocentric kunye ne-heliocentric yaphelisa imbono kaCopernicus. Yayiyenye yeendawo ezakhokelela kwiRenaissance, ixesha lochulumanco lwenzululwazi ngandlela zonke.
Njengoko iicawa zaziyixhasa ngokuthe ngqo i-geocentrism, kwakukho ungquzulwano lwenzululwazi ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, i-heliocentrism yoyisa, ixhaswa ngokufunyaniswa okutsha zezinye izazinzulu kamva. Nakuba kunjalo, iinkcukacha ezininzi zalungiswa, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba yanceda ukukhokela indlela elungileyo yenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi.
Ngubani owafak' isandla kwithiyori ye-heliocentric? Ootata be-astronomy!
Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba uNicolaus Copernicus wanyathela kwithiyori ye-heliocentric, Besele kukho iimpawu zayo. Okulandelayo, kuya kujongwa ngokufutshane malunga nabalinganiswa ababeke ukhozo lwesanti bethanda i-astronomy. Ngaphandle kwabo, ngesiseko akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuba yintoni na eqwalaselwayo ngoku.
UAristarko waseSamo
IGrisi yamandulo yabona ukuzalwa kwamagorha amakhulu abeziingceba zembali. Phakathi kwabaninzi kwakukho uAristarko waseSamos, esinye sezazi ngeenkwenkwezi zokuqala ekukho ubungqina boko. Ebomini, wayeyi-ace kwimathematika kunye nokubala, emnceda ukuba aphuhlise iithiyori ezifana ne-heliocentric.
Injalo loo nto, uAristarko waba ngowokuqala ukuvakalisa ukujikeleza komhlaba ukujikeleza ilanga, kodwa ngenxa yokungabikho kweziseko kunye nenkxaso, yasilela. Wayengenakuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo oko, ngoko ekugqibeleni waphelelwa ngumdla kwizazinzulu.
UGalileo Galilei
Ukongeza ku-Aristarko, inxalenye yethiyori ye-heliocentric, unembeko yakhe kuphando kunye novavanyo lukaGalileo. Indoda ezinikele ngokupheleleyo kwisayensi, inenzondelelo yempambano malunga nokufuna ukwazi kunye nolwazi.
Ndiyabulela ekucokiseni kwakhe iteleskopu, ufumene izinto ezibalulekileyo zendawo nto leyo, kude kube lelo xesha, yayingenakucingwa. Ngokomzekelo, wamisela ubuso obahlukeneyo okanye amacala aqaqambileyo enyanga, ephikisa ingcamango yokuba yinkwenkwezi ekhanyayo.
Umthombo: Google
Ngendlela efanayo, ephanda ngaphaya kwemida yoMhlaba, wafumana uSaturn, kodwa wayengazi ukuba achaze njani ukubona kwakhe. Wandula ke, ngokuqwalasela iinyanga zikaJupiter, uGalileo wafikelela kwisigqibo esibangel’ umdla.
Ukuba ezo sathelayithi zendalo zijikeleza umntu onamandla omxhuzulane amakhulu, kwaloo modeli ifanayo ifanele iprintwe kwisixokelelwano selanga. Ngoko, Galileo Wayekholelwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba, ekubeni inkwenkwezi engumzali ingawona mandla anamandla omxhuzulane, yonke enye into yayijikeleza kumjikelezo wayo. Ngenxa yoku, ukuzibophelela kwakhe ngokuthembeka kwimvukelo kaCopernicus kwazalwa.
UNicolaus Copernicus
Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi sasePrussia sagqama ngexesha leRenaissance kwi-postulation yethiyori ye-heliocentric. Wathabatha iziseko ezashiywa nguGalileo waza, ngaphandle kokucinga ngaloo nto, wasebenzisa ingcamango ka-Aristarko kwiinkulungwane kamva.
UCopernicus wakuxela kwangaphambili oko umhlaba wawujikeleza kwi-axis yawo kwaye, ngaphezu koko, wayenza ngeenxa zonke ilanga. Ngoko ke, ngokukhawuleza wawisa phantsi waza wachasa zonke iziseko ze-geocentric theory, ukuphumeza umbono omtsha wendalo yonke kunye nesixokelelwano selanga ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe obalaseleyo, namhlanje, i-astronomy ifikelele apho ikhoyo.