Mhlawumbi igama elithi Hubble livakala uliqhelile kuwe, laa teleskopu idumileyo ebisoloko isinika imifanekiso emangalisayo yalo mnyele kangangeminyaka emininzi. Nangona iye yaba luncedo olukhulu kwizazinzulu ezininzi xa kufikwa ekufundeni iimfihlakalo zendalo iphela, ilizwe letekhnoloji likwazile ukwenza enye. eyona yala maxesha, inkulu kwaye ichaneke kakhulu: Iteleskopu kaJames Webb.
Le nto intsha iguqukela phambili kakhulu kwihlabathi le-Astronomy. Ngapha koko, ikwabizwa ngokuba yiteleskopu ekwaziyo ukuya kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba kutheni? Apha siza kucacisa yintoni iteleskopu kaJames Webb kwaye isebenza njani. Ukuba unomdla kulo mbandela, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Yintoni iteleskopu kaJames Webb?
Xa sithetha ngeteleskopu kaJames Webb, sibhekisa kuhlobo lwale mihla lweteleskopu yala maxesha kunesele idumile. Hubble. Enyanisweni, ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje yeyona ichanekileyo kwaye inkulu ekwi-orbit. uJames Webb Ibonakala ngokusebenza kwi-infrared spectrum ekufutshane, phakathi kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo, ukuphuculwa ngokucacileyo njengodidi lwe-astronomical observatory ngaphakathi kwe-infrared spectrum. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isibuko sayo sinobubanzi beemitha ezi-6,6 kwaye senziwe ngamacandelwana angama-18 ane-hexagonal. Yinkqubela phambili kwinqanaba lezenzululwazi, kuba le teleskopu inokuthatha imifanekiso ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwi-infrared. Oku kudla ngokuvela ngenxa yokuba umoya wesijikelezi-langa sethu ufunxa olu hlobo lwemitha.
Kodwa yintoni eyenza iteleskopu kaJames Webb ikhetheke kangaka? Ewe, siyabulela kuye, ngoku siyakwazi ukujonga izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zeenkwenkwezi ngendlela esingazange sazijonga ngayo ngaphambili nangokuchaneka okumangalisayo. Ngaphandle koku, uJames Webb Iyakwazi ukuthelekelela indlela eyavela ngayo iminyele yokuqala, iinkwenkwezi kunye neatmospheric yezijikelezi-langa ezingaphandle kwelanga ukuze kwaziwe ukuba ziyakwazi ukuhlala okanye akunjalo.
Esinye isizathu sokuba iTelescope yeJames Webb ibangele loo ngxushungxushu kukuthunyelwa kwayo emajukujukwini. Ekubeni isisixhobo esikhulu kakhulu, kwafuneka bacebe ukuze sisongelwe phambi kwerokethi. Yakuba ifikelele kwindawo engaphandle, iteleskopu kwafuneka ikwazi ukuzivula. Ngokungathi le mingeni yetekhnoloji ayonelanga, I-James Webb kwafuneka ikwazi ukuzigcina ikhuselwe ekukhanyeni nakubushushu, ukupholisa ngokuzenzekela, ngaphandle kwesidingo samandla.
I sebenza njani
Ngoku siyazi ukuba yintoni iteleskopu kaJames Webb, makhe sibone ngokuthe kratya kancinci ukuba ikwazi njani ukubona ukwakheka kweminyele kunye neenkwenkwezi. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, isebenza kwi-infrared, i-spectrum engaphantsi koko kuya kuba kukukhanya okubonakalayo kwiliso lomntu. Ngokufumanisa olu hlobo lokukhanya "okungabonakaliyo", kunceda izazinzulu ukuba zikwazi ukufunda izinto ezahlukeneyo zeenkwenkwezi ezibandayo, ezifana neeplanethi ezincinci.
Ukukhanya kwe-infrared okubanjwe yile telescope kunokuba, ngoko kuthetha, "i-echo" yokuzalwa kweminyele yokuqala. Kuthatha uhlobo lokukhanya olululiweyo olunotyekelo olubomvu. Ngesi sizathu, Iteleskopu kaJames Webb yaziwa ngokuba yiteleskopu ekwaziyo ukuhamba kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukukhanya okunabileyo kwe-infrared spectrum eyibambayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba yakhutshwa kumgama we-13.500 billion light-years, kuxa iminyele yokuqala mhlawumbi yaqala.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imitha ye-infrared inokudlula kuthuli lweenkwenkwezi, ukukhanya okubonakalayo akunakukwazi. Olu phawu luvumela izazinzulu ezisebenza neJames Webb Telescope ukuba zifunde izinto ezinjengeeprotostars okanye iinkwenkwezi ezimdaka ngebala. Ezi zihlala zijikelezwe luthuli lwe-stellar, yiyo loo nto uphononongo lwabo belusoloko lunzima ngakumbi.
James Webb Telescope Motion
Njengoko unokucinga ngokuqinisekileyo, iteleskopu kaJames Webb ayimiswanga kwindawo emiselweyo kumnyele. Ijikeleza iLanga, kunye noMhlaba, kwaye yenza ujiko olu-elliptical rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-5 kunye nokujika ngokupheleleyo inkwenkwezi yethu ngonyaka. Kakade ke, ineparasol eyikhusela ngalo lonke ixesha kubushushu nakwilanga.
Indawo ethile apho i-telescope kaJames Webb ikhona yindawo yeLagrange 2, ekhoyo kwaye ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-1,5 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ukusuka kwiplanethi enguMhlaba. Yi-gravity balance balance, ngoko ke amandla ewafunayo ukuhamba mancinci. Ngombulelo kolu kongiwa kwamandla, ungasebenzisa amandla owafumana kwiiphaneli zakho zesola ukwenza iiodolo ozifumene kwiplanethi yethu kunye nokuthumela ulwazi kwakhona.
Usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba ingathatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba imiyalelo ithunyelwe ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya kwiteleskopu yeJames Webb. Kulungile ke, ngokwesiqhelo imalunga nemizuzu engamashumi amathathu okanye njalo. Khumbula ukuba ulwazi kufuneka luhambe umgama oziikhilomitha ezisi-1,5!
Ngubani oyiqhubayo?
Omnye umbuzo oza kuwubuza ngaphezu komnye ngowokuba ngubani olawula esi sixhobo siluncedo kakhulu kwi-astronomy. Masibone: Iqumrhu elijongene noku liZiko leeSayensi zeTelescope yesikhala (i-STScI) eseBaltimore, eUnited States. Abo bakhoyo banokuqhagamshelana neteleskopu ngenxa yee-eriyali ezahlukeneyo eziseCanberra eOstreliya, eGoldstone eUnited States naseMadrid. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kwi-orientation ngokubhekiselele kuJames Webb, indawo yoMhlaba kunye nexesha lemini.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayizizo izazinzulu zaseMelika kuphela ezinokufikelela kwiteleskopu kaJames Webb, kodwa zonke, nokuba ziphi na. Kuyo, kufuneka bangenise iiprojekthi zabo ngokupheleleyo ngokungaziwa. Ngale ndlela, baya kukhethwa ngexabiso labo, ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo ubuzwe, amava emfundo okanye isini somenzi-sicelo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi malunga ne-James Webb telescope lube nomdla kuwe. Kuya kufuneka sizazi iindaba ezintsha ezinxulumene nayo ukuze sikwazi ukubona imifanekiso emangalisayo eyivelisayo kunye nolwazi olunika izazinzulu kwihlabathi liphela.