Kweli nqaku elinomdla uya kufunda isihloko esinomdla kakhulu: i ikhompyutha enkulu. Uya kuyazi imbali yayo kwaye ngakumbi eyona nto inamandla kunye negalelo layo kwinkqubela phambili yoluntu. Yonwabela ukufunda!
ikhompyutha enkulu
Ukuguquguquka kwempucuko kwiinguqu ezinkulu ezinikezelwa yiteknoloji, ngakumbi leyo enxulumene nolwazi, iguqule imbono yokucinga ihlabathi njengendawo encipha yonke imihla, ebona utshintsho ngendlela yokwenyani neqondakalayo yeemvakalelo.
Ukuveliswa kweekhomputha ezisebenza ngokusebenzayo nezinamandla zikwindawo kawonke-wonke yommi oqhelekileyo. Siza kuqala ngokunika inkcazo yolu yilo lumangalisayo lomntu.
Ukuseka inkcazo yeSupercomputer ayingomsebenzi olula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kusetyenziswe ingqiqo elula kunye nengqiqo, kunokuthiwa: I-Supercomputer sisixhobo esinokuthi sithathelwe ingqalelo, kwintshayelelo yayo, njengobuninzi benkqubo kunye namandla okubala, kunye namandla aphezulu kakhulu xa sithelekisa nayo. ikhompyutha esetyenziswa rhoqo.
I-Supercomputer inokuqondwa njengohlobo olunamandla kakhulu kunye nolukhawulezayo lwekhompyuter, eyilelwe ukusetyenzwa ngobuninzi bolwazi ngexesha elifutshane kwaye ngokukodwa kunyango lomsebenzi othile.
Ngale ndlela, abanye abadwelisi benkqubo bacinga ukuba inkcazo echanekileyo iya kuthathela ingqalelo iSupercomputer njengekhompyuter enamandla kwaye ekhawulezayo ekhoyo ngexesha elithile. Zinkulu ngokobukhulu, zinokusebenza izixa ezikhulu zolwazi ngephanyazo, zijolise kwindawo ethile, kwaye zinomthamo omkhulu wokugcina. Makhe sithethe ngemvelaphi yesi sixhobo.
Historia
Ngonyaka ka-1960, inkampani ye-Control Data Corporation (CDC), uMnu. Seymour Cray, yazisa i-Supercomputer yokuqala, eyakhokelela kwindlela esebenzayo, equlunqwe ubuchule bekhompyutha, obufana nokugcinwa, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokumelwa kwedatha eninzi. ixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Nantsi ibhayografi emfutshane yomenzi weSupercomputer yokuqala.
USeymour Grey wazalelwa eChippewa Falls. Wisconsin eUnited States, ngoSeptemba 28, 1925 waza wafa ngo-Oktobha 6, 1996 kwingozi yemoto emanyumnyezi eColorado, eUnited States. Ufundele ubuNjineli boMbane eMinnesota. USeymour Grey uthathwa njengoyise weSupercomputers; eyona nto wayeyithanda kakhulu yayikukudala nokuphuhliswa kwesi sixhobo.
Ngo-1957, i-Control Data Corporation (CDC) inkampani yakha i-CDC 1604 supercomputer, eyayiyikhompyutheni yokuqala ukusebenzisa i-transistors endaweni ye-vacuum tubes, into entsha yexesha.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha nangenxa yempumelelo ezuzwe kukusebenza kweeSupercomputers, uSeymour Craig wakhuthazwa ukuba azimele kwaye enze inkampani yakhe ngo-1970, ebizwa ngokuba yiCray's Research. Injongo okanye igama leshishini lale nkampani yayikukunikezela ngokukodwa kuyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwee-supercomputers kunye nomyalelo wangaphambili ngumxumi.
I-CRAY-1 (1976), yayiyimodeli eyafakwa kwiLabhoratri yeSizwe yaseLos Alamos, yadibanisa iprosesa ye-vector kunye neprosesa ye-scalar, eyayiqwalaselwa ngelo xesha ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni, eyayinomthamo we-1 yezigidi. Amagama angama-64-bit kunye nexesha lomjikelo we-12,5 nanoseconds. Ixabiso layo libhalwe kwi-10 yezigidi zeedola.
Le nkampani yayiyinkokeli iminyaka emihlanu ilandelelana kwimarike ye-supercomputer, ibonelela ngoyilo olutsha olulungelelaniswa neemfuno zabasebenzisi.
Esi sixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-CRAY-2 (1985), sasinesantya esimalunga ne-6 ukuya kwali-12 ngaphezu kwaso sandulelayo, sasinamagama amalunga nezigidi ezingama-250 kunye neetshiphusi ezingama-240.000, njengophawu olubalulekileyo. Ngaphakathi yayintywiliselwe lulwelo olupholisayo. Phakathi ku-1986, bekukho malunga ne-130 yeenkqubo zolu hlobo kwihlabathi jikelele, apho i-90 yazo yakhiwe yi-brand Cray.
Ngeli xesha, imakethi yeSupercomputer ilawulwa ziinkampani eziqinileyo ezinje ngeIndustries Bussines Machines (IBM) kunye neHewlett Packard (HP), ezisebenze njengeenkampani ezifunxayo kwamanye amaqumrhu amancinci, anjongo yawo iphambili ibikukufumana amava kwinto enjalo. ishishini lekhompyuter eliguqukayo.
Iimpawu zeSupercomputer
Enye yezona mpawu zifanelekileyo ze-supercomputer zibandakanya inani leeprosesa kunye nememori yayo enkulu, evumela uluhlu olubanzi lokugcinwa okusebenzayo kwenkqubo yokusebenza kunye neefayile. Umthamo wayo wokubala uphezulu kakhulu xa uthelekisa neekhompyuter eziqhelekileyo.
Eyona nqobo ibalulekileyo yokusebenza ithathwa kumthamo wokubala olinganiselwa kwi-FLOPS (ukusebenza kwamanqaku okudada ngeSibini), eqondwa njengomsebenzi wezibalo olingana neflop enye ngesekhondi. (Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba u-s wokugqibela akabhekiseli kwisininzi kodwa kwi-sesibini). IPeta FLOPS, yiyunithi elingana ne-1000 yeebhiliyoni zemisebenzi ngomzuzwana; kuyabonisa ukuba i-IBM Summit ifikelela kumandla angama-200 ePetaFLOPS.
Ngale ndlela, i-supercomputer ivumela abasebenzisi abaninzi ukuba baqhagamshelane ngexesha elinye kwaye besuka kwizikhululo ezikude ukuya kwiziko ledatha, nangona kunjalo, inento engalunganga malunga nomgangatho wabasebenzisi, kuba ezi ziingcali zophando okanye imibuzo ethile.
Abathengi bakhetha olu hlobo lwethekhnoloji, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga iingxaki eziza kusonjululwa, bakhetha izixhobo ngokusebenzisa iikhathalogu ezikhuthazwa ziinkampani ezihambisa obu buchwepheshe.
Olunye uphawu luhambelana nobubanzi, ekubeni ukungena kwayo kuphantsi kakhulu okanye akukho nanye kuluntu oluqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, impembelelo enkulu yale teknoloji kumaziko ophando, iiyunivesithi, amaziko emali ayinakuphikiswa. Ii-NGOs kunye nee-ofisi zikarhulumente zokusetyenziswa kunye nokunyangwa kwedatha enkulu okanye imisebenzi enezibalo ezinkulu zokubala.
Ngale ndlela, i-supercomputer ibe sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye neshishini kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oluntu lwangoku.
Iinkqubo zokusebenza kwi-supercomputer
Ii-Supercomputers ngoomatshini abantsonkothileyo, abayilelwe iinjongo ezithile kwaye bafuna inkqubo yokusebenza entsonkothileyo, eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kwaye ilungiselelwe loo njongo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ii-supercomputers zokuqala zazingenalo inkqubo yokusebenza eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, le meko inyanzelekile amaziko edatha okanye nayiphi na enye iziko likarhulumente okanye labucala elifuna ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ukuthatha ukuzinikela kokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokusebenza ( SO ) izixhobo zokusebenza ngokukodwa; Ngendlela yomzekeliso, i-CDC 6600 (ithathwa njengeyokuqala kwi-supercomputer kwimbali) yasebenzisa i-OS, eyaziwa ngokuba yiChippewa okanye inkqubo yokusebenza yeGrey, ebonakaliswa ngokulula kakhulu kodwa enobizo oluphezulu ukuze ikwazi ukulawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo yekhompyuter. , nto leyo ephumela ekubeni imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo isoloko inezinto eziyifunayo ukuze iphumeze injongo yayo.
Inkqubo yokusebenza yeKronos
Yenzelwe kwaye yaphunyezwa ngexesha le-70 kunye nesici sayo esiphambili kukuba umthamo wemisebenzi unokufikelela ngexesha elifanayo, imeko ebalulekileyo yokuphucula kakhulu uphuhliso lomsebenzi ochaziweyo.
Inkqubo yokusebenza yeCDC SCOPE
(NgesiNgesi, Ulawulo loLawulo lokuSebenza kweNkqubo) yasetyenziswa ngexesha le-60s, uphawu lwayo oluphambili kukuba ivumela yonke imisebenzi yenkqubo ukuba ilawulwe.
Inkqubo yokusebenza yase-US
(I-Network Operating System) yayiyinkqubo enesibindi, ekubeni ukwamkelwa kwayo kwathatha indawo ezimbini zangaphambili ngexesha le-70. Injongo yayo ephambili yayikukuba i-NOS ibe yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kuzo zonke ii-CDC (Control Data Corporation) ezintsha.
Us /Ve(INkqubo yokuSebenza kweNethiwekhi/Imeko-bume engabonakaliyo)
Yathatha indawo ye-NOS, kwi-80s, uphawu lwayo oluphambili lubandakanya ukubonelelwa kwememori ebonakalayo, imeko eyavumela ukuqatshelwa kunye nokwamkelwa yikhompyutheni yehlabathi ngelo xesha.
Iinkqubo zokusebenza zanamhlanje kwi-supercomputer
Iisistim zokusebenza zanamhlanje ezisetyenziswa yi-supercomputer zezi zilandelayo:
Unix
Kangangexesha elide ezi zigebenga zisebenzise iinkqubo zokusebenza ezise-Unix. Ziinkqubo yokusebenza yekhowudi evaliweyo, efuna iilayisensi ezivumela ukuba luncedo kokusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo kwisixhobo kubiza kakhulu.
Linux
Yinkqubo yokusebenza yamahhala, umthombo ovulekileyo kunye noluhlu oluphezulu lokuguquguquka ngokumalunga nokwahluka ngokwezifiso; ukuba yeyona yamva isetyenziswa kakhulu, nangona ingenalo ujongano lomzobo, usebenziso lwayo lukwimo ekude ngodibaniso olukhuselekileyo kunye neetheminali.
Iintlobo zee-supercomputers kunye neenkqubo zazo zokusebenza
Ngezantsi uya kufumana ezinye zee-supercomputers kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezizisebenzisayo.
Sierra
Yi-supercomputer enamandla kakhulu kwaye inkqubo yayo yokusebenza yiRed Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).
Ilanga TaihuLight
Yikhompyutha enkulu eyenziwe ngamaTshayina kwaye isebenza kwindlela yayo yokusebenza ebizwa ngokuba yiSunway RaiseOS 2:0:5.
Thianhe-2A
Ifumaneka eTshayina, inkqubo yayo yokusebenza yiKylin Linux.
I-Piz Daint
Ifumaneka eSwitzerland kwaye inkqubo yayo yokusebenza yiCray Linus Environment, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-UNICOS, equlathe inkqubo yokusebenza ye-emulator ye-Unix.
NgoBathathu Emnye
Yi-supercomputer enamandla, ebekwe ngokwasemzimbeni e-United States kwaye isebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza efanayo echazwe ngasentla.
Titan
Yi-supercomputer enamandla ebekwe eUnited States kwaye isebenzisa iCray njengenkqubo yayo yokusebenza.
Al Bridging Cloud Infrastructure
Yikhompyuter enamandla kakhulu, ebekwe eJapan kwaye isebenzisa inkqubo esekwe kwiLinux.
umsequoia
Ifumaneka eUnited States kwaye njengaleyo yangaphambili, ikwasebenza kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yeLinux.
Ingqungquthela
Iqhuba inkqubo yokusebenza ebizwa ngokuba yiRed Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso olukhethekileyo, kodwa inothotho lwabaqulunqi abaphambili kunye namathala eencwadi ezibalo ayinika ukusebenza ngcono ngelixa ifumana ukusebenza kakuhle.
Inkqubo yokupholisa
Iinkqubo zokupholisa ze-supercomputer zifuna ulawulo olukhethekileyo lobushushu olunjongo yalo ikukuphelisa ubushushu obuveliswa ngamacandelo amaninzi abumba ulwakhiwo lwale khomputha, kwaye kufanelekile ukuqwalasela iindleko eziphezulu, kungekuphela nje ngokwexabiso layo kodwa ibhekisa. , kodwa kwiindleko ezigqithisileyo ekugcinweni komyalelo wothintelo kunye nowokulungisa, kunye nemisebenzi yoqeqesho lwabasebenzi abaphetheyo ekusebenzeni kwaba matshini bekhompuyutha abakhulu.
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ezi nkqubo zivelisa ubushushu obukhulu ngenxa yeseti yamacandelo angaphakathi ayenzayo; Le yimeko apho abaqulunqi be-hardware bathathela ingqalelo kwaye iindlela ezininzi zicatshangelwa ukulawula ukushisa okuveliswayo okunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo, echaphazela kakhulu i-Central Processing Unit (CPU) okanye ezinye zeeperipherals ezikufutshane.
I-supercomputer ye-state-of-art inesixhobo esikhethekileyo sokulawula ukushisa, enye yinkqubo yokupholisa efakwe yinkampani ye-Johnson Controls, eqhutywa yiYunivesithi yaseStuttgart (eJamani).
Ukugcina ezi nkqubo zokupholisa, kwayilwa isakhiwo esikhethekileyo esinosetyenziso oluphantsi lwamandla, ukungafuneki okukhulu kunye nobuchule obukhulu bokusebenza, ngenjongo yokunciphisa ubuncinci bemveliso yecarbon dioxide (CO2), ngaloo ndlela kuhlonitshwa imimiselo yehlabathi ehambelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi. Kufakwe iinqaba zokupholisa ezine kunye nodidi olubhetyebhetye kakhulu lolawulo olunamaxesha amafutshane kakhulu wokusabela, ukuzuza iziphumo ezincumisayo zobuchule obuphezulu kunye nokonga amandla okungaqhelekanga.
ukuntywiliselwa ukupholisa
Ukuntywiliselwa ukupholisa bubuchule obubandakanya ukuntywiliselwa abancedisi kulwelo olubonelela ngesiphakathi sokupholisa esigqwesileyo kumoya wokungenisa umoya. Le teknoloji yaziswa kwi-No. 1 imodeli yochungechunge lwe-Green 500, kunye namaziko edatha asebenzayo kwihlabathi.
Ukongezelela, imboni ye-3M kunye nomphuhlisi wedatha eHong Kong ubonise indawo enolu hlobo lwetheknoloji efumana ukucutha okubonakalayo kwendawo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
Ngezantsi sichaza indlela iinkampani eziphumeza ngayo iinkqubo zokupholisa.
Ityala le-IBM
Ubungakanani bee-supercomputers buvelisa amandla amakhulu ekusebenzeni kwabo, kodwa ngokuhambelana nale nzuzo, kukho imveliso enkulu yokushisa, ebangela iindleko ezinkulu ekusebenziseni umbane. Ukuchasana nolu buthathaka, isicwangciso esamkelwe ngamaqumrhu amakhulu kwicandelo sele siphunyeziwe, baye baqulunqa iinkqubo zefriji zomoya kunye noyilo lwamagumbi okushisa aphantsi.
I-IBM iphuhlise iteknoloji esekelwe kwizixhobo zokupholisa ngokusetyenziswa kwamanzi angeniswe ngaphakathi ngee-microchannels, eziphefumlelwe ngokuhambelana nokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni womntu. Ngokubonelelwa kobu buchule, i-SuperMUC ipholile, enye yee-supercomputers ezinkulu eYurophu, e-Leibniz, evelise ukonga amandla kwi-40%.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, iLenovo iye yaqulunqa inkqubo yokupholisa nenjongo yayo ikukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwezixhobo zayo, ebizwa ngokuba yiNeptune, kwaye amandla ayo alele kusetyenziso lwamanzi ashushu, ngokusekwe kule nkqubo ilandelayo:
“Kwiinkqubo zokupholisa zesiNtu kufuneka sipholise amanzi ukuya kumaqondo aphantsi ukuze sikwazi ukupholisa kakuhle izixhobo. Sinokubeka amanzi ukuya kuma-degrees angama-50, ngoko ke iindleko zokupholisa ziphantsi kakhulu.
Ukongeza koku kungasentla, ngendlela ehambelanayo, basebenzisa inkqubo yokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha langempela.
Usetyenziso oluphambili lwe-supercomputer
Ukubonakala kobu bugcisa kubomi bomntu wale mihla kuye kwafikelela inkuthazo enkulu ekuqeqeshweni kweengcali, abaphandi kunye neeteknoloji kwi-computing, ngakumbi ulwazi olunxulumene nezi zigebenga zehlabathi le-computing. Ukudityaniswa kophando, ukutsha kunye namaziko ophuhliso lweshishini, ukuxhasa ukuqiniswa kweepaki zemizi-mveliso, amaziko okusebenza kwedatha kumacandelo abucala kunye nakarhulumente axhaphake kakhulu imihla ngemihla.
Iprograming ibonwa njengentsimi eluncedo ngenxa yobukho bayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lwabantu, ezivela kunyango lweengxaki ezinzima ezifuna amandla amakhulu ekhompyutheni kunye nophuhliso lwezicelo eziphendula iinkxalabo ngexesha langempela. Kolu luhlu lwezicelo sinazo:
- Ukuphuhliswa kweemodeli eziqikelelwayo kunye nokulinganisa, okufana nokufuduka kwabantu kwiplanethi, imodeli yemozulu eqikelelwayo enempazamo yoqikelelo oluphantsi, utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nefuthe layo kwintlalo-ntle kunye ne-ecosystem.
- Isebenza njengeziko lomxhuzulane wophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ejolise kuyilo kunye nokuzenzekela kweeprojekthi zobunjineli, ngakumbi kuyilo lwezicelo zobuntlola ezenziweyo kwicandelo.Ngaba unomdla wokufunda ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa? Ndicebisa ukuba uqhubeke ufunda Iimpawu zobukrelekrele bokuzenzela
- Ukulungiswa kwemifanekiso, ukuqiniswa kolawulo kunye neenkqubo zolwazi lwejografi, ukuphuculwa kweerobhothi.
- Kuphando lwezonyango, i-supercomputer igubungela iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngoyilo lweentliziyo ezenziweyo, i-computed tomography, uqikelelo lomonakalo wobuchopho kunye nokubonakaliswa kobume be-biochemical yentsholongwane ye-Covid-19 ukumiselwa kwamachiza anokuthi abe nobudlelwane nobutyhefu. Iintsholongwane, kulo mba Mare Nostrum i-supercomputer ebekwe eSpain yenza olu hlobo lophando ngexesha lokwenyani. Ikwazinikele ekuqhubeni iBiotechnology kunye nezifundo zobunjineli bemfuzo.
Iikhompyutha ezinkulu Zeziphi ezona zinamandla?
Kwiimeko zangoku ukuba ihlabathi lanamhlanje lisinde, ngamanye amaxesha simangaliswe yi-paradoxes emangalisayo njengeenkqubo ze-nanological, apho i-miniaturization iphawula udidi lwe-harmonic yesayensi kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ngokwemigaqo yepragmatic optics. Iikhompyuter ezinkulu zisiya kwicala elichaseneyo, ukusuka kwizigebenga zetekhnoloji ezinokomelela okungaqhelekanga kukhangelo lwezisombululo kwiingxaki ezinkulu ezigquba kwindawo esisingqongileyo kunye nokudibana nombono wepragmatic ovela njengempendulo eyanelisayo yokunciphisa okanye ukunyamalala kweengxaki ezibangelwayo.
I-Top500 yiprojekthi eyenzelwe ukugqamisa ii-supercomputers ezinamandla kakhulu ze-500 kwihlabathi namhlanje. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu luhlu lwenziwe liqela le-gurus kwindawo ye-computing. Ii-supercomputers ezintlanu ezinamandla kakhulu zika-2020 ziya kusetyenziswa kwesi sithuba.
Ingqungquthela
Uthathwa njengoyena eyona supercomputer inamandla ehlabathini. Iyilwe yi-IBM yeLebhu yeSizwe ye-Oak Ridge eTennessee, yeSebe lezaMandla lase-US. Ihlala ngokulingana neenkundla ezimbini zebhola yomnyazi kwaye ifikelela kwi-148,6 petaflops, enkosi kwi-2,41 yezigidi zeecores.
Sierra
Iyilwe yi-IBM, inoxanduva lokwenza eyesibini eyona khompyutha inamandla kuluhlu, ebekwe kwiLabhoratri yeSizwe yaseLawrence Livermore eCalifornia. Ngokusekelwe kwi-a hardware Iyafana neNgqungquthela. ISierra ifikelela kwi-94,6 petaflops.
Ilanga TaihuLight
Ngale khompyutha, iTaihuLight, eyakhiwe yiNational Parallel Computing Technology kunye neZiko loPhando lobuNjineli yaza yafakwa kwiZiko leSizwe leSupercomputing eWuxi.(eTshayina). Ngokungafaniyo nabanye oomatshini bomgangatho wayo, ayinayo i-accelerator chips, ngoko ke ii-petaflops zayo ezingama-93 zixhomekeke kwiiprosesa zayo ezingaphezulu kwe-10 lezigidi ze-Chinese Sunway.
Ingca-2A
I-Supercomputer ebizwa ngokuba yi-Milky Way 2A, ikwi-National Supercomputing Centre (i-Guangzhou, e-China) iphuhliswe yi-National University of Defense Technology kwaye ixhotyiswe nge-Intel Xeon processors ukufikelela kwi-petaflops ye-61,4. Ngokwabasebenzi bayo, indawo ekuyiwa kuyo kukuseka ulandelelwano lokubala lweengxaki zokhuselo lohlobo lukarhulumente.
Frontera
Lo matshini super iye yaphuhliswa Dell kwaye ixhotyiswe Intel. Igqalwe njengeyona khompyutha ikhawulezayo emhlabeni ekwiZiko leKhompyutha eliPhakamileyo laseTexas, kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas (eUSA). Ukusebenzisana namaqela amathathu enzululwazi kuphando olunxulumene nefiziksi yemingxuma emnyama, ubuchwephesha bequantum, uyilo lwechiza okanye imodeli yemozulu. I-petaflops yayo ye-23,5 iya kufumaneka kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, oluya kuxhamla kumandla ayo ekhompyutheni, ngokukodwa kwimimandla ye-astrophysics, isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, amandla, i-genomics kunye nemodeli yeentlekele zendalo.
I-MareNostrum5: Ikhompyutha enkulu engaqhelekanga
Igama IMareNostrum, imvelaphi yayo isuka kwimvaba eyayisenziwa ngamaRoma amandulo kuLwandle lweMeditera. Iziko le-Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (iZiko leSizwe le-Supercomputing) linika eli gama kwi-supercomputer eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ethi kwiinguqulelo zayo ezahlukeneyo ibe ngowona matshini unamandla eSpain kwaye ekupheleni kwenguqulelo yayo yamva nje, i-MareNoustrum5, iqikelelwa njengenye yeekhompyuter ezinkulu. yeManyano yaseYurophu.
Masifunde ngakumbi ngesi sigebenga sekhompyuter. Umthamo wayo uqikelelwa ukufikelela kumandla we-200 petaflops, udlula malunga namaxesha angama-17 inguqulelo yangoku ye-13,7 petaflops kunye namaxesha angama-10.000 amakhulu (MareNostrum 4). Igama elithi pre-excalada lisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ii-supercomputers ezikwaziyo ukudlula umqobo we-petaflops we-150.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa utyalo-mali olwenziwa yiSpain, ilizwe elililungu leManyano yaseYurophu, elinikezela ngemithombo yoluntu kwi-supercomputing. Ulawulo lukarhulumente, nokuba luthini na uluvo lwabo, lubeke umdla omkhulu ekucingeni. uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kobu buchule kwisisombululo seengxaki ezinkulu zelizwe nezangaphandle.
I-supercomputer ye-MareNostrum kuzo zonke iinguqulelo zayo iye yaba sisiseko sophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kwi-European Union, oku kube yinkxaso enkulu ye-supercomputing, kungekhona nje kwinqanaba lokusabalalisa, kodwa kunye nokuxhasa izibonelelo zemali.
Ngoko ke, izixhobo ezininzi ezinikezelwa yi-Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, amaqela asebenzayo angaphezulu azinikele kuphando asekwa ngeenxa zonke kuyo, ngenjongo ephambili yokukhuthaza iteknoloji yezobugcisa ekulandeleni izinto ezinomdla kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezichaphazela uluntu lwanamhlanje.
I-MareNostrum ayiyona nje i-supercomputer enkulu, kodwa ikwamele ipali yokutsala umdla, eyenzelwe ukufumaneka kokusetyenziswa koluntu lwenzululwazi kwinqanaba lehlabathi.
Into eyenziwa yiMareNostrum ibanzi kakhulu, ibandakanya inkqubo yophuhliso kuyilo lweeprototypes ezahlukeneyo eziye zenza isizukulwana se-supercomputers kwinguqulelo nganye isixhobo esinamandla nesiguquguqukayo, kungekuphela nje kwihardware kunye nesoftware, kodwa nakwintelekelelo yayo eluntwini. .
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinguqulelo ezintlanu zeMareNostrum supercomputer zenziwe.
I-MareNostrum 1: Yakhawulwa ngokubulela kwintsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente waseSpain kunye nenkampani ye-IBM ngesivumelwano sokwakha enye yee-supercomputers ezikhawulezayo eYurophu ngo-2004. Umthamo wayo wokubala wawuyi-42.35 Teraflops (42.35 trillion imisebenzi ngomzuzwana) .
I-MareNostrum 2: NgoNovemba ka-2006, umthamo wayo wokubala unyukile, ukhuthazwa yimfuno enkulu yeeprojekthi zenzululwazi. Lo mthamo wawuyi-94.21 Teraflops, kabini owandulelayo, kwaye ukufezekisa lo msebenzi, inani labaqhubekisi liye landiswa ukusuka kwi-4.812 ukuya kwi-10.240.
I-MareNostrum 3: Ngohlaziyo, incopho yokusebenza ye-1.1 ifikelelwe. iipetaflops ngo-2012-2013, ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-48,896 ye-Intel Sandy Bridge compute ngapha kwe-3,056 nodes, kuquka i-84 Xeon Phi 5110P kwi-42 nodes, kunye ne-115TB yememori eyintloko kunye ne-2PB ye-GPFS yokugcina idisk.
I-MareNostrum 4: Ekupheleni kwe-2017, le ngxilimbela yaqala ukusebenza, yafikelela kwincopho yayo yokusebenza kwe-13.7 Petaflops, umthamo wayo wokubala wasasazwa kwiibhloko ezimbini ezihluke ngokupheleleyo, ezivela kwiiteknoloji zebhloko.
Injongo ngokubanzi yezi bloko iqulethe iitreyi ezingama-46 ze-3.456 nodes, i-node nganye yayine-chips ezimbini ze-Intel Xeon Platinum, nganye ngokulandelelana kunye neeprosesa ze-24 eziqokelele iiprosesa ze-165,888 kunye nememori eyintloko ye-Terabytes ye-390. Amandla ayo aphezulu afikelela kwi-11.15Petaflops, ngamanye amazwi, iyakwazi ukusetyenzwa ngaphezu kweshumi elinanye leebhiliyoni zemisebenzi ngomzuzwana, ngokuphindwe kalishumi kunomanduleli wayo.
Eyona supercomputer inamandla: MareNostrum5
Embindini ka-2019, inkampani ye-EuroHPC ikhethe i-Barcelona Supercomputing Centre njengeziko eliza kugcina i-supercomputer enesona sikhundla siphezulu sokuphakama kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. I-S ilindele ukungena kwayo ekusebenzeni nge-31 kaDisemba, i-2020 kwaye iya kuba yeyona khompyutha ibalulekileyo kwingqwalasela kunye nesisombululo seyantlukwano yeengxabano ezilinde uluntu lwangoku.
Ngale ndlela sinokukuqonda ukubaluleka kwee-supercomputers ehlabathini, ukuveliswa okukhulu okusakhulayo ngendlela eyothusayo. Amagunya ehlabathi afana ne-US, iJapan kunye ne-China azabalazela ukhuphiswano olusempilweni ngokuthanda uluntu.
Emva koko jonga le vidiyo ilandelayo, ukuze ukwazi ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho kwesi sihloko esinomdla.