IiSonethi zaseSor Juana luludwe lweziqulatho zoncwadi ezinomxholo otyebileyo wobukrelekrele kwaye zidla ngokubhekisa kwizihloko zefilosofi. Luluhlu lokubhala oludlulisela umfundi ukuba antywiliselwe kwindawo ekumgangatho ophakamileyo. Siyabacebisa!
Sonnet of Sor Juana
Sonnet of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, yayiyindalo yonongendi waseMexico owathi kubo bonke ubukho bakhe wazinikela ekungcwalisweni, nakubugcisa bokubhala, evunywa njengoyena mbhali udumileyo wentshukumo yobugcisa bebaroque yaseLatin America.
Kweli nqaku siza kuveza uluhlu oluqulathe iisonethi ezizezona zibalaseleyo nezidumileyo ziqulathwe nguSor Juana, ziziingoma zakhe ezintle zemibongo, oya kuthi xa udibana nabo uyonwabele zizakhiwo zabo zemibongo.
Ngezantsi sikubonisa uluhlu olucacileyo kunye nenxalenye enkulu yeesonnets, ukuze ujabule inxalenye yakho yesibongo.
I-Sonnet I - Iimbalelwano phakathi kokuthanda okanye ukuthiya
USonnet II - Kumfanekiso wakhe
I-Sonnet III-Apho enika isohlwayo sokuziphatha kwi-rose kunye nayo kwabanye abantu
USonnet IV – KuBawo uFrancisco de Castro
I-Sonnet V - Iqhuba isifundo esifanayo, kwaye imisela ukuba isizathu sisoyisa ngokuchasene nencasa
I-Sonnet VI - Khetha ukufa kunokuba uzivelele kwingqumbo yokwaluphala
Sonnet VII - Ukuthemba
I-Sonnet VIII - Apho uyanelisa ukukrokra ngeentetho zeenyembezi
I-Sonnet IX-Iqulathe iphupha elaneliseke luthando olundilisekileyo
USonnet X – Ubonakalisa ukuziva ethotyiwe kukuqhwatywa kwesakhono sakhe
I-Sonnet XI-Ifundisa ukuba ingqesho enye eluthandweni sisizathu kwaye iluncedo
I-Sonnet XII - XII - Umntu ongakhathali akafuni ukulibaleka
I-Sonnet XIII - iSonnet kuMartin de Olivas
I-Sonnet XIV - Ngokufanelekileyo idibanisa intlekele ye-Priam kunye ne-Thisbe
USonnet XV – KuJulia
USonnet XVI – KuPortia
I-Sonnet XVII - Ukhulisa isenzo sikaLucrecia
I-Sonnet XVIII - Ngokunyulwa kwakhona kwentambo kunciphisa intlungu yomnqweno
I-Sonnet XIX - Ukukhetha imeko ehlala ixesha elide kude kube sekufeni kwenziwa kubize kakhulu ngentiyo
I-Sonnet XX - Ngobuchule izama ukunyanzela uluvo lokuba ukungabikho kubi kakhulu kunomona
I-Sonnet XXI - Ukuzisola okufanayo kuyaqhubeka, kwaye uthi, akafanele anyanye isifundo esinjalo esingafanelekanga, ngenxa yokuba engasenalo kufutshane nentliziyo yakhe.
I-Sonnet XXII - Indoda enomona ibhekisela kwintlungu eqhelekileyo ukuba wonke umntu ubandezeleka kwaye ilumkisa isizathu sokuphela kokuba umzabalazo wezothando eziphikisanayo unokuba nazo.
I-Sonnet XXIII-Yothando, ebekwe ngaphambili kwisifundo esingafanelekanga, sisilungiso esilungisiweyo soguquko.
I-Sonnet XXIV - Imiphumo ebuhlungu kakhulu yothando kwaye, ngenxa yokuba ayinkulu, ilingana neengubo zalabo abababangelayo.
I-Sonnet XXV - Indumiso entsha yesenzo sikaLucrecia
I-Sonnet XXVI - Ukhalaza malunga nekamva: uphakamisa ukubuthiya kwakhe ubugwenxa kwaye uthethelela ukuzonwabisa kwakhe kwiimyuziyam.
I-Sonnet XXVII-Isombulula umbuzo wokuba unzima kangakanani kwiimbalelwano ezifunyenweyo, ukuthanda okanye ukuzonda.
I-Sonnet XXVIII-Kwelona Nenekazi libalaseleyo laseParedes
USonnet XXIX - Imyuziyam yaseMexico, intombi edumileyo
I-Sonnet XXX - Ukukhala ngokuqinisekileyo kuqhuba phambi kwalowo umthandayo
USonnet XXXI – Inés, xa bekungxolisa ngokuba ngumtyholi
I-Sonnet XXIII - Nangona u (Teresilla) umncinci kangaka
Sonnet XXXIII - Inés, ndiyavuya ngothando lwakho
I-Sonnet XXXIV - Hamba noThixo (uBeatriz) njengobuqhetseba
USonnet XXXV – Nangona ecingela (Nife) ukuba ndikrwada
I-Sonnet XXXVI - Ukugwetywa ngenkohlakalo efihliweyo, isiqabu esinikezwa yithemba
I-Sonnet XXXVII-Incoma impumelelo eyodwa kwimvumi ephum' izandla
I-Sonnet XXXVIII - Nangona ililize, ufuna ukunciphisa intlungu yendoda enomona kwindlela enengqiqo.
I-Sonnet XXXIX - Ngokusweleka kwenenekazi libalaseleyo laseMancera
I-Sonnet XL - Ukuchaza unobangela wemvukelo...
I-Sonnet XLI – Iqhwabela izandla inzululwazi yeenkwenkwezi kaBawo uFrancisco Kino
I-Sonnet XLII - Ulila ngako konke ukusweleka kwe-Lady Marchioness yaseMancera
I-Sonnet XLIII-Apho athuthuzela i-epilogue enomona yochungechunge lwezothando
I-Sonnet XLIV – andinakuba nawe okanye ndikushiye
I-Sonnet XLV - Ngokufa kwe-Marchionness yaseMancera
I-Sonnet XLVI-Ukuchacha kwisifo esibi, ngobulumko kunye ne-Virreina Lady, uMarchioness waseMancera, ebonakalisa uthando lwakhe oluninzi nokuphucuka kwakhe ekufeni.
I-Sonnet XLVII - Njengoko kunxweme lwasebukhosini lwe-crystalline
I-Sonnet XLVIII-Inikwe nguJoan
Sonnet XLIX – Jocoso, a la rosa
I-Sonnet L – Ichaza olona mgangatho uphakamileyo wothando
USonnet LI - Ngokumangalisayo wabhala kumama uJuana ukuba aphendule
I-Sonnet LII - Laa mama uJuana waphendula ngeeconsonants ezifanayo
Sonnet LIII - Ngokufa kukaKumkani uPhilip IV
I-Sonnet LIV - Apho imbongi ibhiyozela usuku lokuzalwa lomnye wabantakwabo
I-Sonnet LV - Inkunzi yenkomo ibulele ihashe le-toreador knight
I-Sonnet LVI – Ukubhiyozela iSidanga sikaGqirha
I-Sonnet LVII-Dumisa kuBawo uBaltasar de Mansilla woMbutho kaYesu, umshumayeli omkhulu kunye nomvumali weLady Virreina, zombini ubulumko kunye nokuthozama.
Sonnet LVIII - Kumfundisi uBr. D. Diego de Ribera, imvumi yokunikezelwa kwecathedral
Sonnet LIX - Kumfundisi uBr. D. Diego de Ribera, imvumi yemisebenzi ye-Viceroy Archbishop uDon Fray Payo Enríquez de Ribera
Sonnet LX - Kumfundisi uLic. D. Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, phambi kwePanegyric yakhe yeMarqueses de la Laguna
I-Sonnet LXI – Kumzobo weNenekazi Lethu, ngebrashi egqwesileyo
I-Sonnet LXII - Ku-Señor San José, ebhalwe ngokuhambelana nomxholo wokhuphiswano olucele izikweko ezikulo.
I-Sonnet LXIII-Xa uSaint Juan de Sahagún walibazisa ekutyeni umkhosi ongcwele kuba uKristu wabonakala kuye ngokubonakalayo kuyo.
I-Sonnet LXIV - Ubudala bakho, Nkosi Enkulu, ukuba nje idlula
Sonnet LXV – Uthi awukhumbuli, Clori, kwaye uyaxoka
I-Sonnet LXVI-Oyena Kumkani uPhakamileyo we-Hispanic Monarch
Sonnet LXVII - Kwisigwebo awasinikwa nguPilato ngokuchasene noKristu
I-Sonnet LXVIII-Ukusweleka koHloniphekileyo uMlawuli waseVeragua
I-Sonnet LXIX – Ngokufanayo
I-Sonnet LXX – Ngokufanayo
I-Sonnet LXXI – Ukusuka kwiTheyibhile yeNarcissus eNgcwele IV – uNarcissus
I-Sonnet LXXII – Yeengqayi zendlu Umthetho I – Ana
Iisonethi zothando ezibunjwe nguSor Juana Inés de la Cruz, zinesithethe esibanzi nesahlukileyo kwimibongo yothando yaseNtshona, ekhulisa uncwadi lwesiGrike. Ngesimbo sakhe sombongo, umfazi ubekwe embindini weziganeko, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ubuntu bomntu ngamnye buphinde buzalwe ngoluhlu lwezinto eziluncedo. Sincoma ukufunda inqaku elilandelayo Imibongo yamaXesha Aphakathi
Ngokuqinisekileyo uSor Juana wayesazi ukuba yintoni umkhuba wePetrarchan, ngoko kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kwimisebenzi yakhe iimpawu zemibongo yePetrarch ziyafezekiswa, iisonethi zakhe ezithintekayo zidityaniswe nemibongo ephuculweyo yeengoma zePetraquita. UJuana Inés usasaza ngemibongo yakhe ngamava akhe angaphaya kwengqondo.
USor Juana wayengumfundisi-ntsapho omkhulu wehlabathi lemibongo yee-sonnets, efunyenwe kwi-Hispanic practice yabacebisi abakhulu, kuquka nezinye iimbongi ezininzi ezidumileyo, ezihlala kwiPeninsula, mhlawumbi ezo koloni zicingelwa.
Iisonnets zikaSor Juana ziwaxabisa amasiko alungileyo epeninsula, kwaye zikwanencasa enxulumene neNew Spain. Ngelo xesha kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lenkcubeko eyayikho kwi-lathe xa wayebhala, imbongi yayigqalwa njengeyona nto ibalaseleyo kwaye yayilawula ngokubanzi i-canon ye-poety yaloo maxesha, owathi ngobuchule watshintsha ukulinganisa engazange abe likhoboka.
Kuzo wamitha ubuntu bakhe waza wayalela uluntu New Spain ukuba sele sonwabele amagqwetha ezinkulu nezincinane ezifana: amanani ecawa ukusuka kwisixeko esikhulu, hidalgos evela kwinkundla viceroyalty, abaphengululi benzululwazi, kwakunye nokusingqongileyo apho yaqulunqwa. .umculo, imibongo, nokuba wayephulaphula iingoma zeKrismesi kwizitulo ezikhulu, ukuba wayethabatheke kucengcelezo lwee-arches oloyiso nemibhiyozo yemibongo.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhanjiswa kwemibongo kumazwe ngamazwe, olona hlobo lomculo luhloniphekileyo ngaloo maxesha, lwamiselwa ngamandla nakakhulu eMelika, njengoko u-Eugenio de Salazar ebonisa kwisigidimi sakhe esiya kuHerrera xa wasibonisa izikhokelo zeengoma ezilawula ihlabathi. ISpain Entsha:
Umama wethu waseSpain sele esithumele
ngolwimi lwakhe iwaka ubutyebi
ezenza lo mhlaba wasemzini ube nobutyebi;
I-Tuscany nayo ithumela iinzwakazi
ukusuka kulwimi lwakhe olumnandi ukuya kwesi sithuba
kwaye sele besiya eProencia kule
intetho yakhe emnandi iyanxibelelana
kwaye uboleka intsalela enkulu yetyala lakhe;
kwabakho nolwimi olutyebileyo lwesiGrike
kwezi ndawo zikude zayo:
kwaye kuzo kubonisiwe kwaye kwandiswe
ISpain entsha...
Ihlabathi lemibongo apho uSor Juana wazifumana ebandakanyeka, esele isekelwe kwi-monarchy yakhe yaseMexico, ingenelela kwindalo, ibumba ukukhula kweengqondo kunye neembongi zenkolo. Unokuluxabisa uluhlu lwemixholo kunye namazwi awafumanayo kumsebenzi wakhe, ukubonisa ihlabathi elitsha elibonakalisiweyo kunye nentsha ezandleni zomfazi womthonyama kunye ne-erudite, kunye nokubonakaliswa kwesazela ukuba uyingqayizivele njengombhali kunye nobukrelekrele. umfazi onesiphene.
Sonnets Sor Juana zazisoloko bekhona, ngenxa yokuba umbhali wabo akazange ayeke ukubhala, wahlala ekulungele ukubamba zonke iintlobo sonnet njengobuchule bombongo, kwakunye ukulungele ukufuna ukuqondwa abasemagunyeni, nokuba ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle convent; ubizo lwakhe, ukuzuza ukuqondwa kobugcisa bakhe bokubhala.
Phakathi kwazo zonke iisonethi ezibhalwe yiSor Juana yezenkolo, kukho iisonethi zothando ezingamashumi amabini ananye ezahlulahlulwe zaba ngamaqhezu amabini amakhulu: iisonnet ezilishumi zeengqikelelo ze-orthodox kunye ne-heterodox ezilishumi elinanye. Kwelokuqala linamacandelo amathandathu, ngelixa elesibini kukho ezine kuphela; okuthetha ukuba uSor Juana waziqhelanisa neesonnets zakhe, ngaphakathi komxholo othi "uthando oluqhelekileyo"; kunye nemixholo emithandathu, ngelixa kwiqela le-"heterodox" isincoko ezine kuphela, kodwa iqulethe inxalenye enkulu yeesonnet, ezizezi:
Iingcamango zeOthodoki zothando
Iisonethi ezifana nezi:
Uthando oluphindiweyo nolungonakaliyo
intlungu yothando elindele umvuzo
uthando olunengqiqo
Ukungabikho
iintetho zeenyembezi
Amandla eFantasy
Ukwahlulwa kwee-sonnet okwenziwa nguSor Juana kubukeka kunomdla, kwaye kulo mzekelo siza kuthetha malunga nalowo uhambelana nothando olubuyiselwayo nolungenakonakala, esi siqwenga sifumaneka ngaphakathi kweenombolo ze-169 kunye ne-183 ze-Méndez Plancarte, ezichanekileyo. kule sonnet.
Apho aveza khona, uFabio, igama lobudoda abhekisa kulo ilizwi lakhe lobumbongi, libhekisa kwigama lobudoda elikhethwa yimbongi; unokuyiqonda into yokuba uya kusoloko ekho njengomntu omthandayo ngobungangamsha.
Inokubonwa kwi-sonnet, ingqiqo enengqiqo, ukuba itywina lobuqu lonongendi:
Ifundisa indlela umsebenzi omnye othandweni sisizathu kunye nokulula
UFabio: ekubeni bonke banqulwa,
bonke bangamabhongo amahle,
ngokuba izibingelelo zabo zinento yokwenza
ukuba ababoni ukuba kugcwele ngamaxhoba.
Kwaye ke, ukuba bathandwa ngomnye kuphela,
baphila ngoThamsanqa onengxabano,
kuba bacinga ukuba ngaphezu kokuba bahle
kuthetha isithixo esimele sithandazelwe.
Kodwa ndikulo mlinganiso,
ukuba ekuboneni abaninzi, ingqalelo yam iyancipha,
kwaye ndifuna nje ukubuyiselwa
lowo uqokelela ingeniso kuthando lwam;
ngokuba ukuthandwa yityuwa encasa;
oko kuyonakalisa into engekhoyo neshiyekileyo.
Kwi-quatrains yale sonnet, kunokubonwa ukuba i-Sor Juana isebenzisa ilizwi lomfazi, kwaye itshintshana ne-classic yo tú, i-nun iveza into eyenzekayo ngokubanzi: ubuza imeko yobufazi yeengcamango, apho abafazi ukunqulwa ngamadoda amaninzi; ukuba bathandwa yindoda enye kuphela, bakhala ngobutyebi babo becinga ukuba ubuhle babo abunamsebenzi kangako, njengoko bufunwa ngabaninzi, nto leyo ebenza bazive besithixo. Amagama athi "uthixo", "aras", "amaxhoba" kunye "nokuthanda", asihambisa kwinkalo yothando lwenkundla.
Ngokuphathelele i-sonnet yothando engalindelanga umvuzo, ii-sonnets ezintathu zinokubonakaliswa ezithetha ngeenkalo ezahlukeneyo zothando lwenkundla, olubonisa ngothando oluphezulu.
Ndiyamthanda uLisi, kodwa andizenzi
ukuba uLisi uyandibuyisela ngesohlwayo sam,
Ewe, ukuba ndiyabugweba ubuhle bayo bunokwenzeka,
ekuziphatheni kwakho kunye nokuxhalaba kwam ndiyakhubeka.
Asikuko ukukuthabatha, kodwa, koko ndikwenzayo;
Kulungile ndiyazi ukuba ubufanele ubukhulu obunjalo
akukho kufaneleka kwaneleyo, kwaye kulula
yenza ngokuchasene naloo nto ndiyiqondayo.
Njengento endiyicingayo ingcwele
ubuhle bakho, ngubani ongabufuniyo ubuganga bam
ukuba nethemba unganiki nokungena nokuncinci ukungena:
emva koko ndinikezela uvuyo lwam kuye,
ngenxa yokungamboni esetyenziswa kakubi,
Ndisacinga ukuba ibingathi ndimbone ngowam.
Kule sonnet, olona phawu lubalaseleyo lothando lubonakala, olo thando lwasenkundleni: olona thando lukhulu, lolo lungalindelanga mbuyekezo nantoni na, into oluyifunayo kukusondela kuThixo. Umbhali uthatha ilizwi lendoda: yi-troubadour ejoliswe kwisipho seProvençal, evakalisa uthando olungenakwenzeka, kuba akakwazi kwaye akazami nokuba nothando.
Kwi-sonnet yesibini yolu hlelo kufunyanwa oku kulandelayo: Iziqalelo ezinzima zothando, kwaye kungekhona ngenxa yokuba zinkulu zifana neengubo zabo baqalayo.
Ndibone, Alcinus, ndibotshelelwe kwityathanga
uthando, ngena emakhamandeleni akhe,
ubukhoboka obubi, ukuphelelwa lithemba
inkululeko, nentuthuzelo yabanye?
Uyawubona umphefumlo uzele yintlungu nentlupheko,
uviswa iintlungu eziqatha ngolo hlobo;
naphakathi kwamadangatye aphilileyo agqabhukileyo
uzigwebe engasifanelanga isohlwayo sakhe?
Uyandibona ndilandela ngaphandle komphefumlo ububhanxa
ukuba mna ngokwam ndazigweba njengento engaqhelekanga?
Uyandibona ndiphalaza igazi apha endleleni
Ukulandela amasalela obuxoki?
Ngaba uthandwa kakhulu? Ewe, uyabona, uAlcinus:
Unobangela wokwenzakala kwam ufanele ngakumbi.
Ilizwi lobumbongi liyaxatyiswa kule sonnet, engowesifazana kuphela, ebonakaliswa kumntu othembekileyo oyindoda, u-Alcino, avuma kuye intlungu yakhe yothando: ityathanga, iintsimbi, ubukhoboka, ukuphelelwa lithemba kunye nonxunguphalo oluveliswa luthando.
Ezi ntlungu zibuyela emva kwimbandezelo eqhelekileyo yothando lwasenkundleni, amabali aqhubeka kwiindinyana zequatrain yesibini, ezizezi: intlungu, ukungcungcutheka, ukungcungcuthekiswa novelwano lomphefumlo. Isithandwa sineentloni ngokubandezeleka akuthweleyo kuba lowo umthandayo unexabiso elingakumbi.
Ngoku, kuya kuthi ukuba sithethe nge-sonnet Rational Love, ibhekisela kwimpendulo kaSor Juan kumntu onomdla oye wachaza ngokubhaliweyo isicelo sokuba amphendule, ukuze u-nun enze njalo, esebenzisa i-metrical efanayo. oonobumba abasetyenziswa ngumlandeli wakhe.
Oku kubonisa inqanaba lenkcubeko kunye nokulula apho abantu baseNew Spain bathetha nonongendi owaziwayo, kunye nokuzinikela okukhulu okuseleyo. USor Juana uphinde wabumba ezinye iisonnet ezineeconsonants ezisekiweyo, ezidityaniswe nenombolo 181 "Uthi awukhumbuli, uClori kwaye uyaxoka.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, indoda eyayimthumelele i-sonnet yayingumfundi okhutheleyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba imibhalo-ngqangi yoncwadi lukaSor Juana yashukuma phakathi kwabafundi abahlukeneyo bemisebenzi yakhe, abathi ngokuqinisekileyo banikela iimbono zabo phakathi kwabo, nababenenkululeko yokuba nomdla ngokuthe ngqo. , ngoko bathumela izicelo kumbhali, njengakule meko.
I-sonnet yangoku ilandelayo, iphakathi kwezo zinyanzeli zoonobumba, ibe yiyo yodwa enokuchazwa phakathi kwe-orthodox, ngokohlelo.
Loo mama uJuana waphendula kwangoonozwi mnye
Asikokuba uphe nje kuba unikwe
ekuthandeni wena, kulungile, andikwazanga
umntu owayesazi izambatho zakho
zikhanyele ukuba ufanelwe kukuthandwa.
Kwaye ukuba ukuqonda kwam ngelishwa
ngoko ke andikwazi ukudibana nawe ngaphandle,
kwimpazamo enje krwada bendingekakwazi
fumana ukuzithethelela kuyo yonke into ungahoywa.
Lowo ebekwazile,
okanye kufuneka akuthande okanye avume ububi
ova ubukrelekrele bakhe kwinto eqondwayo;
ukudibanisa iziphelo ezibini ezingalinganiyo;
ekufuneka avume ngayo ukuba uyathandwa, ukuze anganikeli ezo zinto.
Le sonnet, igcina ilizwi lobufazi kunye nam wena, ihambelana neqela elibhekiselele kuthando olunengqiqo, njengoko uncwadi luyibiza, luvela kwizinto ezifunekayo, kwiingubo, ezixwayiswa emntwini; Ayisiyonto "yothando ngokuthanda".
Kuyaphawulwa, umdlalo okhoyo ngamagama athi "ukwazi", "ubuchule" kunye "nokuqonda": unakho ukukwazi ukujonga izipho kunye neengubo zesidalwa ukuyithanda.
Lithuba lokuthetha ngesonnet Ukungabikho. Kucacile ukuba imbongi ibumba ulungelelwaniso lwemibongo eyahlukeneyo, ibhekisa kumxholo wokungabikho othe wahlala uhleli kulo lonke uluhlu lwawo kwimibongo yothando. Phakathi kwamalungiselelo ayo eengoma ezahlukeneyo, ekuphela kwesonnet ejongene nesihloko ekhoyo.
Kuphela ngobukrelekrele obubukhali unyanzelisa uluvo lokuba ukungabikho bububi obukhulu kunomona.
Ongekhoyo yena uyacatshukiswa;
owokuqala unemfesane, owamva ngomsindo;
Uba ngathi akasijongi isikhubekiso;
kwaye uyayiva inyani ayichukumisayo.
Lo ucaphuka, mhlawumbi, umsindo wakhe ophambeneyo
xa intetho yakhe isitsho,
kwaye ngaphandle kokuphumla uyancwina;
Ewe, akukho nto kwintlungu yakhe i-apocalypse yamandla.
Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kubetha umonde wakhe,
ukanti lowo uphelelwa bubuthongo;
lo uchasene nokumelana neentlungu,
owangaphambili ubandezelekile, ngaphandle kwakhe;
kwaye ukuba sisohlwayo somonakalo, ekugqibeleni, ukungabikho,
Intuthumbo enkulu kunomona.
I-sonnet efakwe kumntu wesithathu apho i-Sor Juana ibonakalisa oko kubi kwimicimbi yothando: umona, ukungabikho komntu othandekayo, okanye umgama.
Amanye amalungiselelo eengoma zeSor Juana, ebhekiselele kwisihloko sokungabikho, abonisa ezi zinto zilandelayo: ukungabikho njengentlungu eyomeleleyo, kwaye kukhokelela ekulangazeleleni ukufa, okungqinwa kwi "ukususela ukuba ndlela ntle", kunye ne "Divine my umnini”.
Emva koko, siya kuthetha nge-sonnet Rhetoric yethafa, ibhekisela kwii-sonnets ezimbini apho i-Sor Juana ichaza enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo aza kuzibamba. Ilizwi mna nawe, licingelwa ukuba lelomfazi, nangona lingenakuqinisekiswa ngokwegrama:
Kuloo mbono usulungekileyo nobalaseleyo
oomoya baphuma bephila kwaye bevutha;
ndisamkelwe ngamehlo am.
badlule kum apho bufikelwe bububi;
ungene endleleni ngokulula
ngenxa yobushushu bam obunjalo.
baphuma kum ngokungathi balahlekile.
ukubiza oko kulungileyo kukhoyo
Kubonwa kwii-sonnets ezimbini, ezibalisa ngokutshintshiselana ngokujonga kunye nemvelaphi "yokuguqula" ukujongwa komntu othandekayo okhoyo: ukukhutshwa kwentliziyo "apho ububi buviwa" njengenqaku leemvakalelo zothando, kunye nokukhangela. ngokuba yintanda, ekhokela inkqubo yangaphakathi "yemimoya" yabo babini.
Kulo mhlathi siza kuthetha ngesonnet yaMandla eFantasy, enye yeengoma ezidumileyo zikaSor Juana, kwaye ubulungisa bukhona kumxholo wayo:
Iqulathe ifantasy eyanelisayo nothando olundilisekileyo
Yeka, isithunzi sokulunga kwam,
umfanekiso wopelo endiwuthanda kakhulu,
umbono olungileyo endimfela ngovuyo,
Iintsomi ezimnandi endihlala kuzo.
Ewe kwimagnethi yombulelo wakho onomtsalane
ndikhonze esifubeni sam sentsimbi ethobelayo,
Kutheni undenza ndithandane ngokuthopha
ukuba uza kundenza intlekisa ngoku ubaleka?
Ngakumbi i-emblazon ayinako, yanelisekile,
ukuba ubuzwilakhe bandoyise.
ukuba nangona ushiya ibhondi emxinwa ibiwe
ukuba ifom yakho emnandi ibhanti,
ayinamsebenzi into yokuhlekisa ngengalo nange sifuba
ukuba uyikrola intolongo iphupha lam
Ikhona kule sonnet, apho Sor Juana ekhetha ngokuphandle ilizwi lobufazi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezimelabizo wena kunye nam. Amagama asetyenziswe kwiquatrain yokuqala afana nala: "isithunzi", "umfanekiso", "inkohliso", "intsomi", ziintsingiselo zesikolo ezinemvelaphi yesiLatini, ezithe zasetyenziswa kwikhonkco nengqondo ngaxeshanye, ukuba uyisebenzisa xa ethetha nomntu amthandayo.
USor Juan unetyala lakhe kwezinye iingoma zoncwadi, ishumi kunye neglosi, apho abhekiselele kwiingcinga zokuthatha isihloko sokungabikho: isithandwa, ngengcinga, ongasoze ahambe nokuba ukude kangakanani na: kwiglosi ihambelana naloo nto. iya kuba"ndihlala ndicinga ngawe / ndihlala ndicinga ngawe ", ukuguqula iingcamango zefilosofi zale sonnet enxulunyaniswa nothando lonqulo kwiglosi, xa ichaza: "Apha emphefumlweni ndiya kubona / umbindi weenkxalabo zam / ngamehlo okholo lwam: / yintoni incasa ecingelwayo / nayo imfama uyayibona.”
Iingcamango ze-Heterodox zothando
Kule ngcamango kukho:
Ezingqamanayo zifunyenwe
Uthando nentiyo
ukulahlwa kothando
Ixesha lothando
Kwezi sonethi, uSor Juana uyaphambuka kwinto esekwe yimigca enikwe uthando lwenkundla kwaye, ngobuchule obukhulu, ukuya ePetrarchan, ebonisa la magama alandelayo: ibandakanya uthando olulungelelanisa izibakala, ngaphandle komntu othandekayo ukuba ucinga. kufanelekile; ityhila iimvakalelo zakhe ezimanyeneyo zentiyo nothando ngakumntu omnye, kwaye ikhokelele kwizigqibo malunga nokungaqhelekanga; ubonisa uthando olufanele ukwamkelwa, ebonakalisa iimvakalelo zakhe zokuziva enetyala, yaye eneneni eqinisekisa ukuba uthando alukho ngonaphakade, kodwa lolokwexeshana.
Kwi-sonnet Found iimbalelwano, kumhlathi wokuqala malunga neesonnet ezintathu zenkolo, kwaye imisela ukuba bahlala behlangene. Kwezi sonethi zintathu, kukwakho nomdlalo wamagama obukhali, othambileyo nonobuchule, obonisa ubuchule be-lithic bonongendi, kwangaxeshanye ephanda izinto zothando.
Sombulula umba ongowona mzuzu ungathandekiyo kwiimbalelwano ezifunyenweyo, uthando okanye intiyo.
Ukuba uFabio akandithandi, ezibona ethandwa,
Yintlungu engenakulinganiswa nanto engqondweni yam:
ngakumbi, ukuba uSilvio uyandithanda, uthiyile,
Bububi obuncinane, kodwa awungomsindo nje omncinane.
Yintoni ukubandezeleka akuyi kudinwa
ukuba zihlala zivakala endlebeni yakho,
emva kwekratshi elingento yalowo oyintanda;
Ngesijwili esidiniweyo somgculeli?
Ukuba ukusebenza kukaSilvio kuyandidinisa,
UFabio udiniwe kukuphelelwa ngamandla;
ukuba ndifuna umbulelo kuye;
omnye ujonge kum ngombulelo:
kuba iyasebenza kwaye iphelile intuthumbo yam;
Ewe, ndibandezeleka ngenxa yokuthanda nokuthandwa.
Kwisonnet Uthando nentiyo, kukho iisonnet ezimbini kwesi siqwenga, ezizezi:
Oko kunika iindlela zokuthanda ngaphandle kosizi
Andinakuba nawe okanye ndikushiye
Andazi ukuba kutheni, kukushiya okanye ukuba nawe,
kukho into endingayaziyo ukuba ndikuthande ngantoni
kwaye abaninzi ewe ndiyazi ukuba mandikulibale ntoni.
Ewe, awufuni kundishiya okanye ulungise,
Ndiya kuthoba intliziyo yam ngethamsanqa
isiqingatha masityekele ekukuthiyeni
Nokuba esinye isiqingatha sithambekele ekuthandeni wena.
Ukuba oku kunyanzeliswa ukuthandana, kukho indlela,
ukuba kukufa ukuba kuhlale kusiliwa;
akusekho kuthetha ebushushwini kwaye, ngokukrokra.
nonika isiqingatha, akafuni kudla;
kwaye xa ulapho uyenza kum,
Uyazi ukuba ndenza into engenziwanga.
Kule sonnet, umxholo wento eyaziwa ngokuba yi "half love" ikhona: umntu akanako ukubakho ngaphandle kobukho bomntu othandekayo, okanye kunye naye. Ngokukwanjalo, ithoni enobuchule inokuxatyiswa, kodwa, ngomxholo wayo ozenzekelayo, i-colloquial imodeli ephawulekayo, apho nawuphi na umntu waseMexico namhlanje unokusebenzisa kwincoko yabo yemihla ngemihla.
Olothando, olubekwe ngaphambili kumbandela ongasifanelanga, luphawulwe lulungiso lwenguquko
Xa ndibona impazamo yakho nobubi bakho,
Ndicinga, uSilvio, ngothando lwam oluphosakeleyo,
Bubi kangakanani ububi besono,
indlela enamandla ngayo umnqweno.
Kwimemori yam andikholelwa
enokulingana kukhathalelo lwam
umgca wokugqibela odelekileyo,
Ixesha lokugqibela lomsebenzi ombi.
Ndingathanda, xa ndiza kukubona,
Ukubona uthando lwam olubi, ukukwazi ukukhanyela:
kodwa ke isizathu siyandilumkisa
ukuba ilungiswe kuphela ekupapasheni;
ngenxa yobubi obukhulu bokukuthanda,
Kubuhlungu kakhulu, yivume.
Imbongi uSor Juana, inezinye iingoma ezinxulunyaniswa nomxholo, njengokungabikho kokuphela kokulibala, oku kuguqukela kuguquko, okuthetha ukuthi, ukwahlukana kwabathandi, "ukulahlwa" abahlala. Kwamanye amalungiselelo akhe ubani ufumana ukulibala kufutshane nothando “enoba kukuphuka kwentliziyo okanye ngumsindo”: “Ngubani na ongakuthandiyo ukulibala, unike uthando oluncinane, lokuba ngubani na oya kowokuqala, aze owesibini asondele?
Kule sonnet Temporality of love, imbongi ibhekisela "kukungavunywa kothando": ukuzala, okanye ukuguquka, ukukhawulela ukuphela kothando, apho ibonisa ukuba uthando alukho ngonaphakade oluguqukayo.
IiSonethi eziMfuziselo zaseSor Juana
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uSor Juana, phakathi kweengoma ezininzi zemibongo, unee-sonnets ezithathwa njengemifuziselo kwingqokelela yakhe yemibhalo, esinokuthi phakathi kwayo:
Oko kuthuthuzela i-epilogue enomona yochungechunge lothando
Yisonnet eyenziwe ngeevesi ezilishumi elinesine zobugcisa obuphambili kwimvano-siphelo, idla ngokuba zii-hendecasyllables, kunye neeseti kwiiquatrains ezimbini kunye neetriplets ezimbini. Unongendi, unamandla okubonakalisa kule sonnet, intlahla uthando olunalo xa umona, eshukunyiswa ziinkanuko kwasekuqaleni, elusonge kwaye azivumele ukuba atsalwe. Uvakalisa ikhwele awayenalo ngenxa yokoyika ukuphulukana nesithandwa sakhe, baba yinto yokuphulukana naye.
Ukhalaza ngethamsanqa: ubonisa ukubuthiya kwakhe ubungendawo kwaye uthethelela ukuzonwabisa kwakhe kwiiMuses.
Kule sonnet, ilizwi lobumbongi lijongene nehlabathi, kunye nokuqhayisa kunye nokonakala. Ngenxa yolu khuthazo, kubabhali akukho bunzima bunokwenzeka, ukugcina: ingaba yintoni imali kunye nexabiso elixabisekileyo ngaphandle kokuqonda?
Iqulethe umxholo wentelekelelo kunye nothando olundilisekileyo
I-reverie yothando ikhona kule sonnet. Ayibonisi nje uthando njengobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, kodwa njengamava abalaseleyo. Uthando lobuthixo alunakuhendwa, nangona kunjalo lunokuqondwa.
Niyawatyhola amadoda azizidenge
I-sonnet eyaziwayo, enesihloko esithi "Amadoda azizidenge akutyholayo...", ibhekisela kwi-redondilla, ethetha i-sonnet yestanza eyenziwe ngeevesi ezine zobugcisa obuncinane kunye nemvano-siphelo ye-consonant, eyokuqala ibe neyokugqibela kunye neyesibini kunye neyesithathu. Ibonisa kule sonnet, ikhethekileyo kangangokuba imbongi, ibuza imibuzo ngesikhundla samadoda ngakubafazi.
KuKristu kwiSakramente eSikelelekileyo, usuku lomthendeleko
Yisonnet, apho intetho yothando lweengoma iphunyelelwa ukujongana noluhlu lweevesi, ngokuqhelekileyo iisilabhili ezisibhozo. Ezi sonethi zinemvano-siphelo ye-assonance ngazibini, ngelixa ezingaqhelekanga zizimeleyo.
Inokubonwa kolu thando, indlela uthando olubalaseleyo olukhoyo, ngeli xesha kuKristu, lwenziwa umzimba kwi-Ekaristi. Ubukho bukaThixo uSomandla, ephila kwaye ekhoyo kwi-Ekaristi, ke, yindlela yobukho bothando olupheleleyo oluphakamisa kwaye buthethelele ubukho.
Emva kokwazi uluhlu olukhulu lweesonnets zikaSor Juana, kwaye ngokweenkcukacha uninzi lwazo ngokuba lubalulekile kumazwi alo nongendi, siza kwazisa ukuba ngubani lo nongendi owayezinikele ekubambeni ngesandla sakhe, iingxelo ezifanayo kangangokuba waphawula ubomi bakhe kunye nobukho babafundi abaninzi.
I-Biography kaSor Juana Inés de la Cruz
UJuana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana, owaziwa ngokuba nguSor Juan de la Cruz, wazalwa ngoNovemba 12, 1648, kwisixeko saseSan Miguel de Nepantla, kwiLizwe laseMexico, eMexico.
https://youtu.be/EqExgGAynPU
Uyise, uPedro Manuel de Abaje y Machuca, umthetheli waseBasque, ovela eVergara, Guipúzcoa, owayetshatile, kwaye xa wadibana no-Isabel Ramírez de Santillana de Cantillana. yecapixtla, idolophu ekwiphondo laseMorelos eMexico, yahlanganisana yaza yakhawula iintombi ezintathu. Ukuba nguJuana Inés owesibini weentombi zalo manyano. Babengamanyaniswanga emtshatweni.
Iingcali ezininzi kunye nabaphandi kulo mbandela awukacaci unobangela owachaphazela uSor Juana, xa waziwa ngokuba yintombi engekho mthethweni, kuba abazali bakhe babengamanyananga phantsi kwesakramente yomtshato, nangona kunjalo, bathi ngamaxesha amaninzi lo mbandela wahlala. engachazwanga nguye.
Ngexesha lobuncinci bakhe wayengumntwana onengqondo ekrelekrele, eneminyaka emithathu waqala ukuzoba imibhalo yakhe yokuqala ngohlobo lwee-doodles, kwaye kwiminyaka esixhenxe ubudala, wabhala imibongo.
USor Juana wayehlala indawo entle yobuntwana bakhe ePanoayan, kwifama kayisemkhulu ozala umama wakhe.Endlini kwakukho ithala leencwadi elibanzi neligcweleyo apho uSor Juana wayehlala ekhangela iincwadi zokufunda, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngelo xesha. Ixesha lekhampasi ukuthanda kwakhe ukufunda kwazalwa, kunye nokutyebisa ulwazi lwakhe.
Ebuntwaneni bakhe, uSor Juana wagqama ngokuba yintombazana enobuchule obukhulu bengqondo, eqala xa wayeneminyaka emithathu ubudala, efunda ukulesa nokubhala, yaye kwiminyaka esibhozo ubudala wayenobabalo lokuthabatha indumiso yakhe yokuqala yoMthendeleko osikelelekileyo. yaqanjwa ngeesonnet ngeSpanish nangesiNahuatl, ulwimi awalufunda xa wayethetha namakhoboka kwihacienda kayisemkhulu amthandayo.
Ngowe-1659, wafudukela kunye nentsapho yakhe kwisiXeko saseMexico, apho wayehlala kwindlu kamakazi wakhe uMaría Ramírez noJuan de Mata, umyeni kamakazi wakhe.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwiminyaka ye-1663 kunye ne-1665, uSor Juana udunyiswa ngezakhono zakhe kunye nobugcisa bokubhala, ngaphezu kobulumko bakhe obukrelekrele kunye nolwazi olukhulu, oku kumnceda ukuba angene enkundleni ye-Viceroy Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, uMarquis de Mancera kunye nomfazi wakhe. , uViceroy Leonor de Carreto.
Ngalo lonke elo xesha, uSor Juana wayene-Viceroy njengomkhuseli wakhe, owamvumela ukuba aphuhlise izakhono zokubhala, ukubamba ii-sonnets kunye nemibongo, ezininzi zazo ezaziyalelwe.
Ukususela kwasebuncinaneni, Sor Juana ugqiba kwelokuba angene kwi-convent, ekhetha ukuba ubomi bonqulo, endaweni yokuzinikela emtshatweni, ngokoluvo lwakhe, ngaphakathi convent waqhubeka ukufunda ngaphandle kwemida.
Ngo-1667, uSor Juana wangena kwikhaya loonongendi laseCarmelite, ekuthe kamva kwafuneka alishiye ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo. Kodwa, emva kwexesha elithile, wangena ngokuqinisekileyo kuMyalelo weSaint Jerome, apho wayehlala kwigumbi elinye nelitofotofo.
Ukuba kulo Myalelo kaJerome oNgcwele, uDade Juan, unamathuba amahle okuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe, uphando lwezenzululwazi, ukuzinikela ekubhaleni, ekulungiseleleni iingoma, ekubumbeni imidlalo, kwaye wakwazi nokutyelelwa ngabahlobo bakhe, apho wayebambe ixesha elide. iingxoxo nabanye abakrelekrele kunye neembongi, kunye nokwenza eminye imisebenzi. Yayinkulu kangangokuba kwigumbi lakhe wakwazi ukwakha ithala leencwadi elibalulekileyo.
Phakathi kwabalinganiswa abamtyelelayo, uCarlos de Sigüenza de Góngora, isihlobo sikaLuis de Góngora, owayenempembelelo enkulu kubugcisa bakhe bokubhala, unokugqanyiswa, onokubonwa kwii-sonnets zakhe kunye nemisebenzi yeembongi.
Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bonongendi uSor Juana Inés de la Cruz, baye bakhula bengcungcuthekiswa kukufa kwabahlobo babo abakhulu, imvukelo yezentlalo yaseNew Spain, kunye nobukho bendyikitya yokufa eyaphelisa ubomi babantu abaninzi.
Ngenxa yezi ziganeko, uSor Juana wayeka ubugcisa bokubhala ukuze anikele ixesha lakhe elipheleleyo kubomi obungaqondakaliyo. Ngendlela efanayo, waya kuxhasa abanye amaqabane akhe kwikhaya loonongendi, enceda abo babesulelwe sisifo sekholera esohlwaya bonke abemi.
Ukufa kothusa uSor Juana de la Cruz, ngenye intsasa ka-Aprili 17, 1965, eneminyaka engama-43 ubudala, kuba wayesulelwe ngulo bhubhani. Wangcwatywa kwangaloo mini, yaye umngcwabo wandulelwa ngumhlobo wakhe omkhulu uCarlos de Sigüenza y Góngora.
Emva kokufa kwakhe, ukuqatshelwa kwakhe kwaphakanyiswa yimisebenzi yakhe yoncwadi, ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zeBaroque zenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kunye neSpanish Golden Age, nto leyo ethetha ukuba igama lakhe liphumelele inqanaba elibalulekileyo kwindawo yoncwadi. yaseNew Spain.
Umsebenzi wakhe
USor Juana wanikela ubomi bakhe ekubhaleni uluhlu lwemisebenzi, eshiya ulonwabo lwabafundi abaninzi ulwazi lwakhe olubanzi, ubunjineli kunye nezakhono kubugcisa boncwadi. Kuthiwa uninzi lwemisebenzi ebhalwe nguSor Juana yayingenxa yemisebenzi eyayenziwe ngabantu abohlukeneyo. Iincwadi zakhe ezahlukahlukeneyo zoncwadi zikhethekileyo ngenxa yenzondelelo enkulu yeengxabano zakhe, ngenxa yesimo sakhe esicacileyo, ukukwazi kwakhe ukuhlalutya imibandela ephathelele uthando, ukukhusela amabhinqa, ukusebenzisa ngobulumko izixhobo zoncwadi, iimfaneleko, izigqibo, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi.
imisebenzi yakhe yethiyetha
Kwimidlalo yakhe, i-Sor Juana ibonakaliswe ngokubhala ama-comedies apho ukuzinikela okukhulu kunye nenkathalo kwabonakala ukuvelisa ukudibanisa kunye neempazamo ngaphakathi kwamabali akhe.
Iinzame zendlu: ngumdlalo ohlekisayo owenzelwe indumiso ezimbini. Ichazwa njengomnye wemisebenzi eqaqambileyo kwiincwadi zaseLatin America, ezayilwa nguSor Juana. Okokugqibela, ithetha ngeminqweno engaphumelelanga yonongendi, umlinganiswa owaziwayo ngenxa yamandla akhe kunye nobunzima abadibana nabo kwizibini kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Uthando lukhulu ngakumbi
I-comedy, ebhaliweyo ngenkxaso yemonki uJuan de Guevara, owagqiba inxalenye yesibini yomsebenzi, umxholo unomxholo wentsomi. Ukunikezelwa kwalo msebenzi kwenzeka kwimibhiyozo yokuthathwa kwesekela likaGaspar de la Cerda Mendoza, ngonyaka we-1689.
Iimoto zesigramente
Imbongi uSor Inés, uzinikele ekubambeni iisakramente ezintathu ze-autos, ngumdlalo wenkolo ngokukodwa, owagunyaziswa eMadrid. Le misebenzi ifumana izihloko ezithi: Umfeli-nkolo womthendeleko, Intonga yobukhosi kaJosé kunye neyobuthixo uNarcissus.
Imibongo
USor Juana Inés de la Cruz, umfazi obonise isakhono sakhe sobumbongi ngemvelaphi ebalaseleyo kunye nobumnandi bokukhwaza uluhlu lwakhe lwemixholo yobomi, uthando, ukophuka kwentliziyo kunye nobuhlobo.
Incwadi yakhe enesihloko esithi, Iphupha Lokuqala, ekuphela kwencwadi ebhalwe yimpembelelo yakhe, eyapapashwa ngo-1692. Ichongwa njengombongo omde owenziwe yimigca engama-975. Okokuqala ndiphupha, umbongo apho iSor Juana igxininisa imfuneko yokuba abantu bafumane ulwazi kwaye banandiphe izakhono ezinkulu zezifundo.