El inkqubo yokubeka iGalileo iya kuba yindlela yehlabathi yokuhamba ngesathelayithi egqibelele yiManyano yaseYurophu ngokusetyenziswa koluntu, ekulindeleke ukuba idityaniswe ziisathelayithi ezirhwebayo ezingama-30 kwiinqwelo-moya ezingqukuva ezintathu, ngendlela efanayo kwaye eya kuthatha malunga neeyure ezili-14 ukugqibelela ukulandelelana. kumjikelezo wehlabathi ebaliswayo.
Imbali yenkqubo yokumisa yaseGalili
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, iqela lamazwe eManyano yaseYurophu lavuma ukubhenca utshintsho oluthile lokungakhuseleki kwiGPS nakwi-GLONASS. Ngokunjalo, eli qela lamazwe alithembanga ukuba, xa kukho ijem yehlabathi exhobileyo, iUnited States neRashiya ziye zavala okanye zathintela ukutshintshelwa kwezi ndlela kumazwe e-European Union, ngaloo ndlela zavalela umsebenzi womkhosi nowoluntu kuloo mmandla.
Bejongene noku, ngendlela efanayo babonisa ukuxhalaba okuthile malunga noku ukufika ngexesha kunye nokhuseleko lwezicwangciso zeGPS kunye neGLONASS, ngokwesiseko sekamva.
Ngenxa yalo mxholo, i-EU ngokubambisana ne-Arhente ye-European Space, ukwaziswa ngo-2003 iprojekthi echongiweyo i-GALILEO, inkqubo ye-geo-location ephuculweyo kwaye iqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo ngamaqumrhu aseYurophu, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukukhululwa kwendawo kunye nokwandisa ishishini lokubeka indawo.
Amaxesha amisiweyo
Ekwenzeni inkqubo Indawo yaseGalili kwanikwa:
Thesis (2000-2003)
Inkqubela phambili kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwi-orbit (2004-2008)
Ukusasazeka (2008-2010)
Ukuxhaphaza ezivelisayo (ukusukela ngo-2010-2015)
Umsebenzi wale nkqubo uya kufana neGPS kunye neGLONASS yangoku ngenjongo yokuzuza inkululeko. Kwangaxeshanye, i-Arhente ye-Space yaseYurophu ivakalelwa kukuba ichaneke ngakumbi kuneyokwenene, babe neseti ephucuke kakhulu yobuchule, ikrwelela ukuchaneka okuphezulu kweewotshi zealam zenyukliya ezibekiweyo, ezivumayo ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ixesha apho umqondiso wahluka kwisathelayithi ukuya kumamkeli.
Kwipremiere yesicwangciso, IGALILEO yayicetywe ukuba isebenziseke ngo-2008, kodwa ubunzima bekhredithi obubonelelweyo kunye nokungalingani phakathi kwamazwe asebenzisanayo kwenze ulibaziseko lube lukhulu.
Iindlela zokuchwetheza kunye neenzuzo
INkqubo yeHlabathi ye Ukukhangela kweSatellite, ngaphandle kokuququzelela ukuzimela kwi-radiyo navigation kunye nendawo-indawo, iya kuba yinto esebenzisana ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-GPS kunye neendlela ze-GLONASS. Ngolu landelelwano lweengcamango, ngokukwazi ukubonelela ngeeperiodities ezimbini kwimodeli yayo yokutolika, UGalileo uya kunika indawo kwi-cosmos ngexesha lokwenyani ngokuchaneka komyalelo wemitha ye-1 yenkqubo yamahhala, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 cm kwinkqubo yokuhlawula, into engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kwiinkqubo zorhulumente.
Ngokukwanjalo, iisathelayithi zeGalileo, ngokungafaniyo nezo zidala i-GPS mesh, ziya kubakho ii-orbits ezithe tyeke kancinci ngasepalini. Ke, iirekhodi zabo ziya kubamba ixesha ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikufuphi nezibonda, apho iisathelayithi zaseMntla Melika zichitha ixesha labo.
Ngale ndlela, iya kuqinisekisa iholide engapheliyo yenkonzo, ngaphandle kweemeko ezigqithisileyo, kwaye, ngenkxaso ye-EGNOS, iya kwazisa abasebenzisi ngemizuzu xa kwenzeka iphutha lesathelayithi. Oku kuyenza ibe luncedo kwizinto eziluncedo apho ukhuseleko lubalulekile, njengeendibano zabasebenzi, ukuqhutywa kwemoto, okanye ukuhlolwa kwetrafikhi okuguquguqukayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-EGNOS kwi-civil aeronautics ngokusebenzisa i-LPV medium lowo unikwe inyhweba nguMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuPhapha ngeenqwelomoya.
Ngendlela efanayo, ukusetyenziswa ngokubambisana kweGalileo kunye nezinye iinkqubo ze-GNSS ziya kubonelela ngeerhafu ezininzi kuzo zonke iinkampani ezixhamlayo zendalo.
Iinkonzo ezibonelelwa yiGalileo positioning system
IGalileo ibonwa ngabantu abafumana iindlela ezininzi. Ukuze siqaphele ukunqongophala okungalinganiyo, inkqubo iya kubonelela ngempahla ethile.
1. Vula inkonzo
Ijolise kwizicelo zoluntu jikelele. Iya kubonelela ngabalinganiswa ukuququzelela uphando olumiselwe ixesha kwaye iya kuba nesikhundla samahhala. Ngolu landelelwano lweengcamango, inyaniso etyhila ngokwenene yileyo inkqubo yokubeka uGalileo uya kunika nawuphi na umntu onikwe umamkeli ukuba avume le nkonzo, ngaphandle kwe-parvity yalo naluphi na uhlobo lwemvume.
2. Inkonzo yezicelo kumazwe abalulekileyo
Kwelinye icala, inkonzo yesibini ebonelelwa yinkqubo yokumisa iGalileo yile ijolise kuphela kwezo izicelo ezikwimeko emaxongo. Ngale ndlela, le nkonzo iya kusetyenziswa kuphela kuninzi lwezicelo zemithwalo apho ubomi bomntu bunokuba sengozini ukuba uncedo lwenkqubo yokuhambisa ireyidi yeemveliso ziye zangahlonelwa ngaphandle konxibelelwano ngexesha lokwenyani.
3. Inkonzo yoRhwebo
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkonzo yethu yesithathu yenkqubo yokumisa iGalileo ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyorhwebo, oku kugxininisekile kwezo zicelo zabathengi abacela umgangatho ophezulu werhafu kunezo zinikezelwa yinkonzo efikelelekayo. uya kunikela isixa-mali esincedisayo kwimbuyekezo yerhafu.
El inkonzo yorhwebo yongeza crossovers ezimbini ukuvula umzila iimpawu. Olu phawu lulinganayo luthandwa ngoguqulelo oluyimpumelelo, oluya kuqwalaselwa ngababolekisi benkonzo kunye neGOC elandelayo. Indawo yokungena iya kuhlolwa kwinqanaba lomamkeli womqondiso kunye nezitshixo zokukhusela idilesi.
4. Inkonzo karhulumente elawulwayo
Kule meko sigxininisa inkqubo yenkonzo abemi abaninzi abacinga ukuba a indlela "yomelele" kunye nengeniso elawulwayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezicelo ezijolise kwindawo eyodwa yamaqumrhu karhulumente. Inkonzo ye-PRS iya kusetyenziswa ngabaxhamli abafana namaziko aphumayo kunye namapolisa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba zonke iindidi zamaziko oluntu ziya kuba nomsebenzi wokulawula indlela yenkonzo I-PRS eyimfihlo egalelo layo lilizwe okanye iqela labaxhamli liya kuchaphazela izakhono zokhuseleko eziguquguqukayo kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Kwangokunjalo, uya kuba nomsebenzi wokusebenza ngamaxesha onke kwaye nangasiphi na isiganeko, ngokusisiseko xa sithetha ngalo naluphi na uhlobo ingxaki enokuthi iveliswe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okanye xa ezinye iimveliso zinokubanjwa kuphela.
Kwelinye icala, inkqubo yokubeka UGalileo yinkonzo yokukhululwa, ngendlela yokuba ezinye iimpahla zingaliwa ngaphandle koku kushenxiswa kwenkonzo exeliweyo. Ngokunjalo, enye yezona typologi zibaluleke kakhulu ngokungathandabuzekiyo zithande ukugqama kule nkonzo ngamandla omqondiso wayo, owukhuselayo ngokuchasene nezixhobo zokuphazamiseka ezenziwe ngenjongo kunye nokuzama ukubonakalisa ngabom uphawu olwahlukeneyo.
5. Inkonzo yokukhangela kunye nokuhlangula
Enye yeenkonzo ezibonelelwa yiGalileo positioning system yile inceda ngayo uphuculo lwenkqubo ekhoyo yokuKhangela nokuHlangula. Ngolu lungelelwaniso lwezimvo, ezinye zeendlela zokusetyenziswa ezenzeka kweli nqanaba zezi:
Ukwamkelwa
Oku kunikezelwa ngexesha lokwenyani lokuthunyelwa koncedo olugqithiselwa naphina kwiplanethi yethu.
Imeko emiselweyo yezilumkiso
Naku silapha sithetha ngamagama anika ngeemitha ezimbalwa, ngakumbi malunga ne-5 km echazwe ngoku.
Ukufunyanwa ngeesathelayithi ezininzi
Kule meko, ukusetyenziswa kwenziwa kwesi sigaba ukwenzela ukuphepha ukuvalelwa wedwa kwiimeko mfiliba kwiisathelayithi.
Isiqingatha esikhulu seqhekeza lesibhakabhaka
Xa sithetha ngokusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwesiqwenga sendalo esingqongileyo kwinkqubo yokuma kwelaseGalili, sikhankanya ama-30. iisathelayithi kumjikelezo womhlaba kuthetha ukuba bayanda ukuya iisathelayithi ezine kwisithuba somhlaba ekugxininiso oluphantsi kunye neesathelayithi ezintathu ze-geo-stationary zale nkqubo.