Impucuko yamaMaya yayiyenye yempucuko enkulu yemveli yaseMelika, eyagcinwa iminyaka emininzi kwaye kunye nabo kwazalwa imiqondiso yamaMaya, eyayiyimbonakaliso yenkcubeko yabo kwaye yayisebenza njengendlela yokudlulisa ulwazi phakathi kwamalungu ayo. Ezi ntlobo zeesimboli zindala kakhulu kwaye zibalulekile, kuba le nkcubeko iye yagqama ngokuba krelekrele ngokwenene kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokubhala nokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi.
Iimpawu zamaMaya kunye neentsingiselo zazo
Kuye kwahlala kuboniswa ukuba inkcubeko yamaMaya yenye yeenkcubeko zangaphambili ze-Hispanic eziye zenza inkqubela phambili enkulu ngexesha, kwangaxeshanye zingenye yezona zinto zinzima kakhulu. Ezi ziphuhlise kwimbali yazo inani lenkqubela phambili kumanqanaba oyilo kunye nezolimo afanele ukunconywa ngokwenene, yiyo loo nto kwiminyaka edlulileyo baye baphawula imbali ngokubanzi, bebonisa ubukrelekrele obubalaseleyo kwaye namhlanje bebeyinto yokuthakazelelwa yinkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko yayo. iisimboli.
Ngexesha lokukhula kwempucuko yamaMaya, bafuna iindlela zokunxibelelana kunye nokwenza ukuba baqondwe ngokufanelekileyo, bafikelele kwinqanaba lokuba baphuhlise ulwimi kunye neempawu zokuqondana. Isisombululo ibikukwenza iifom ezintsonkothileyo kunye neendlela eziya kubanceda banxibelelane ngeethiyori neengcinga zabo ngokubhala, ukuze babanjwe ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Inyani yeyokuba amaMayans azinikele ekudaleni nasekufundeni iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezifundo ezinje: iastronomy kunye ne-architecture. Uhlala umi ngaphandle kwezinye izizwe kunye nempucuko yaseMesoamerica yangaphambi kobukoloniyali enkosi kwezi nkqubela phambili. Iimpawu zamaMaya ngumzekelo ocacileyo wokuba kubaluleke kangakanani, ukuntsonkotha, ubukrelekrele, impucuko kwaye ilungelelanise inkcubeko kunye nezithethe zabo ngokubanzi.
Uninzi lweempawu abazenzayo bezinikezelwe kwizithixo, oku kungenxa yokuba iinkolelo zabo zazinamandla okwaneleyo kunye nokubaluleka kwinkcubeko yabo, eyayihlala ilambele ulwazi olutsha nolunika umdla abanokulufumana ekuhambeni kwexesha. (Funda malunga izinto eziqinileyo zeplatonic)
Uninzi lweesimboli ezibalaseleyo zamaMaya
Kula manqaku alandelayo, ezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zamaMaya zembali ziya kukhankanywa kwaye, ukongezelela, intsingiselo yokuba abemi bale mpucuko inomdla yelizwekazi laseMelika babanike yona iya kuchazwa.
tzolkin
Ezinye zeesimboli zamaMaya ezaziwa kakhulu kwaye zifanelekile kwimbali yonke zinxulumene nekhalenda engcwele yamaMaya. Le khalenda idume kakhulu namhlanje kwaye ihlala kumjikelo oneentsuku ezingama-260, le khalenda yelanga lale mpucuko yaziwa ngokuba Tzolkin.
Umjikelo wale khalenda ingcwele wahlulwe kumashumi amabini anesithathu, oku kunokutolikwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: okokuqala, yahlulwe yaba ziibhloko ezingamashumi amabini, ibhloko nganye kwezi ezingamashumi amabini ezivezwayo ngaphakathi kwikhalenda exeliweyo inobuninzi beentsuku ezilishumi elinesithathu, kungoko kusithiwa Ikhalenda ineentsuku ezingama-260 kuphela. Ngokwenza ukuphindaphinda okulula kwe-20 x 13, lo mfanekiso unokufumaneka.
Iintsuku enale khalenda zichongwa nganye inegama elithile kunye nenani ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwishumi elinesithathu. AmaMayans enza amagama amele ikhalenda engcwele ngamanye amaxesha akhankanywe kuhlobo oluthile lweziganeko zendalo. Amagama kunye neentsingiselo zabo zezi zilandelayo:
- Imix': Inengwenya njengomelo, yile ndlela ekwazi ngayo ukumela umzimba we-reptilian womhlaba kamama.
- mna: Lo ngoyena ophetheyo omele ubomi nobundlobongela, ukongeza ikwaqondwa njengesixhobo somoya.
- Ak'b'al: Oku kunentsingiselo yobusuku, inokuqondwa njengobudlelwane phakathi kwejaguar nelanga, kwelinye icala ikwamele umhlaba ophantsi.
- Khan: Oku kubonakaliswa okucocekileyo kobuninzi, ukuvuthwa kunye nombona, obaluleke kakhulu kwinkcubeko yamaMeya.
- Chickchan: Inxulumene nenyoka enentsiba ephethe ukutsala amandla elanga.
- kimi: ukufa kuthethwa ngako, kunye nokuzalwa ngokutsha komphefumlo kunye nezidalwa.
- Manik': Ixhama yimbonakaliso yothixo kunye nokuzingela.
- Imethi: Umvundla kule meko iphinde imelwe yiplanethi iVenus, kunye nomnyango okhokelwa elangeni.
- Muluk: Amanzi asetyenziselwa ukumela uthixo wamanzi.
- Kulungile: inja iphethe kwezi meko zokuba ngumkhokeli weLanga ukuya kwelabafileyo.
- Chuwen: Inkawu kwinkcubeko Mayan imele ubugcisa kunye nolwazi.
- Eb': ingca ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ikwanceda ukumela imvula, isaqhwithi kunye nokukhula komhlaba.
- Kulungile: Oku kuhambelana nokukhula kweenkozo, isivuno kunye nobuninzi.
- ix: Isandi sasebusuku, esimela ijaguar.
- Amadoda: Imelwa lukhozi, ikwamela inyanga nobulumko.
- Kib': Isikhova kwikhalenda engcwele yaseMayan nayo idityaniswa nomphefumlo kunye nezinambuzane.
- Kab'an: Lo mqondiso umele umhlaba ngokubanzi, unokubhekisela kumandla onawo kunye neenyikima ezinokubangelwa. Ikwamele ukuba athini amaxesha onyaka.
- Etz'nab': Imela, esi sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa zonke izithethe ezimelwe kwinkcubeko yamaMaya.
- Kawak: Oku kusetyenziselwa ukumela isaqhwithi kwaye kwangaxeshanye sisebenzela ukubhekisa koothixo bombane neendudumo.
- ewe: INkosi yeLanga okanye ngokulula, uThixo.
Ngaphandle kwekhalenda kaMayan, kukho nezinye iisimboli zamaMaya ezibalasele kakhulu kwinkcubeko ngokubanzi, uninzi luye lwabonwa kwezinye iindawo, abanye abaziwa kangako namhlanje, namhlanje uya kuba nakho ukwazi yonke into malunga nezi mpawu zikaMayan. . Ezi zilandelayo zezona zaziwa kakhulu.
TZI KIN- Ntaka
Kwisimboli samaMaya, iintaka zidlala indima ekhethekileyo kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, zihlonishwa kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba iintaka ziluphawu lwamaMaya lwethamsanqa kunye nethamsanqa ebomini bomntu othile, zikwangowona mboniso mkhulu wenkululeko, kuba ubonisa ukuba umntu ngamnye unolawulo lobomi bakhe kwaye unokwenza izigqibo malunga nekamva lakho.
Aq`ab`al- Dawn
Xa sithetha ngalo simboli, kubhekiselwa ngokukhethekileyo ekuqaleni kwesigaba esitsha ebomini bomntu, kunye nokuvalwa kwemijikelo ukuqalisa entsha, le mijikelo okanye iziqalo ezintsha amaxesha amaninzi zibonwa njengohlaziyo. yamandla. Amandla ayo anxulumene nemibala ebomvu kunye nomnyama, kwaye iindawo zayo zamandla zidla ngokuba yimiqolomba.
Ka t-Red
Kule meko, xa kukhankanywa lo mqondiso, ubhekisela ekunqongophelweni kwenkululeko umntu othile anokuba nayo. Kwelinye icala, lo mqondiso ukhankanyiwe okanye uboniswa xa abantu bevalelwe ngokomoya, yiyo loo nto igama layo lidityaniswe nenethiwekhi, ngenxa yokuziva ubanjelwe ngokuthetha ngokufuziselayo.
Tijax- Ilitye
Ilitye linexabiso elikhethekileyo kakhulu ngaphakathi kwenkcubeko yamaMaya, ngaloo ndlela lenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona mpawu zimele iMeya. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngaphakathi kwempucuko yabo kukho iinkolelo ezingapheliyo, kodwa ngokukodwa, kuthiwa abantu abazalwe phantsi kwempembelelo yelitye baya kuba ngabantu abanamandla kwaye baya kuba nesipho esikhethekileyo sokukwazi ukuphilisa izifo, yindlela abaya kuba ngayo. zuzani amandla elitye, nguThixo wombane neendudumo.
Ajmaq- Umoni
Kuzo zonke iinkcubeko kukho abantu abenza iimpazamo, nokuba injani na impucuko, abantu abafezekanga. Kungoko lo mfuziselo umelwa lusuku olukhethekileyo, oluyimini yomoni. Ngesi sihlandlo, abantu abonileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha baya kukwazi ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo noothixo kwaye bacele uxolo, ukuze baqhubeke nobomi babo ngoxolo. Kuthiwa abantu abazalwe phantsi kwempembelelo yale mini badla ngokuba ngabantu abakrelekrele, abakhaliphileyo nabangamagorha, oku kungenxa yokuba bamele eyona ndawo imnyama yomntu kodwa kwanenjongo yokuxolela nenguquko ebenza babe yinxalenye ekhanyayo.
Kame- Sikhova
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, le ntaka yenye yezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zamaMaya kwaye inomelo olukhulu ngaphakathi kweempawu zamaMaya kunye nenkcubeko yabo. Lo mqondiso okhethekileyo unentsingiselo ebaluleke kakhulu, isetyenziswe xa umjikelezo uvala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba lo mjikelo ulungile okanye umbi kumntu othile.
Kungenxa yoko le nto ngaphakathi kweempawu kunye nenkcubeko yamaMaya, isikhova sisimboli sokufa kwento ethile okanye umntu, ikwabhengeza ukuphela kweentsuku zento ethile. Abantu abanethamsanqa lokuzalwa phantsi kweempembelelo zesikhova bagqama kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi babo, kodwa ngokukodwa kuzo zonke ezo zinto zinento yokwenza nobugcisa, ubugcisa okanye urhwebo olunxulumene nolwakhiwo nolwakhiwo.
Kan- Intshukumo
Ngaphakathi kweesimboli zamaMeya kukho ezininzi ezicacileyo, kodwa inyaniso kukuba enye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo, uphawu lwentshukumo, kukuba nayo inentsingiselo enkulu kwaye ingcwele. Kwiisimboli zamaMaya, intshukumo ibonisa amandla amakhulu kunye nanamandla amakhulu, apho ihlabathi kunye nendalo iphela njengoko siyazi ukuba yadalwa.
I-Movement iphinda ibonise ubulumko obuninzi bomntu, ngenxa yesi sizathu kuthiwa abantu abazalwa phantsi kwempembelelo yesimboli sokunyakaza bavame ukulungelelana kwaye banobulungisa ngokupheleleyo.
Imox- Intlanzi
Kwiisimboli zamaMaya unokubona intlanzi emele njengophawu lomoya wamanzi, oku kuthetha ukuba onke amandla kunye nemikhosi efihliweyo enokufumaneka isasazeka kwindalo yonke. Kuqhelekile ukuva ukuba abantu abazelwe phantsi kwempembelelo yawo baneziphiwo ezikhulu, kodwa ubukhulu becala banovakalelo olukhulu oluphuhliswe kuyo yonke into, kusenokwenzeka ukuba banokuziva izinto abangenakuziqonda abanye. Isimboli esixeliweyo, eneneni, asiyonto ngaphandle kokumelwa kwengqondo yethu kunye nokuqonda esinako.
Q anil- Imbewu
Xa kwiisimboli zamaMaya kuthethwa imbewu, kunokwenzeka ukubonisa ukubonakaliswa kwamanqaku ekhadinali apho bonke abantu babala ukuba bahlale besazi ukuba yintoni kwaye iya kuba yindlela yabo ebonakalisiweyo kwaye bangalahlekelwa indlela yabo ebusweni bayo nayiphi na into. ubunzima, kuba elinye icala likwafuzisela imibala. Kwakhona kuthiwa abantu abazalwa phantsi kweempembelelo zeempawu ezithethiweyo ngabantu abakholelwa kwaye bagxininise kakhulu kubo kwaye kwangaxeshanye banocwangco kakhulu xa besenza izigqibo.
Toj- Umnikelo
Kukho into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule xa uthetha ngenkcubeko yamaMaya kunye neempawu. Ngaphakathi kweenkolelo zale mpucuko evelele kwabanye, kukho intsomi ukuba imbeko kufuneka ihlawulwe elangeni, umoya, amanzi, umama womhlaba kunye namandla amelwe yintshukumo. Abantu abazalwa phantsi kweempembelelo zesi simboli, kuyaqondwa ukuba ngabo kufuneka bahlawule umnikelo weqela leentsapho zabo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha aba bantu bavame ukuba nzima ngokwenene malunga nemiba yezempilo. (Unokufunda kwakhona i Cube yeMetatron)
Ajpu- Ukukhanya
Lo mqondiso wamaMaya ubaluleke kakhulu kwinkcubeko yabo, kuba ufuzisela uTat'omkhulu weLanga, lo ngumzimba onika bonke abantu ukukhanya kunye namandla amaninzi. Lo mqondiso uhlawula imbeko kwaye ukhethwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuba uhlonele omnye wawona thixo bamele kwaye bahlonitshwa kwimpucuko yamaMaya. Kuthiwa ngaphakathi kwenkcubeko yamaMeya ukuba abantu abazalwe phantsi kwempembelelo yale simboli banamandla amakhulu okuvuselela ngaphakathi komjikelezo wobomi babo kwaye baya kuba nempilo entle ngexesha lokuhlala kwabo emhlabeni.
Ukujonga ngaphaya kwekhalenda yamaMaya kunye neempawu ezikhankanywe kwinqaku, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le mimelo yenkcubeko yabo ithetha kakhulu ngeenkolelo zeenkwenkwezi, kunye neengcinga zamaphupha, i-telepathy, ukukhanya kunye nomhlaba ongumama, njengenxalenye ye icosmos enkulu. Zifana kakhulu nelizwe elihlala likwinguquko eqhubekayo kubomi bendoda, nayo ehlala iguquka ngamaxesha anokuthi adlule kuwo.