UbuYuda lolona nqulo ludala ehlabathini, olukhethekileyo lokunqula uThixo omnye, oko kukuthi, ukunqula uthixo omnye kuphela. Ngokubhekiselele kwi Iimpawu zamaJudaZingumzekelo wendlela le nkcubeko eye yahambela phambili ngayo kwiminyaka edlulileyo ukuze ibonakalise iinkolelo nezithethe zayo.
Yiyiphi imiqondiso yamaYuda?
I-Torah imele umbhalo-ngqangi apho uninzi lwale miqondiso ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkcubeko igcinwa. Yenye yeenkolo ezinelona nani likhulu labalandeli, efikelela kubantu abamalunga ne-15 lezigidi. I Iimpawu zeMayan, zikwathetha lukhulu kubantu baseMexico, abaxhasa la masiko achukumisa iimvakalelo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Okulandelayo, uludwe olunale mifuziselo yobuYuda.
Inkwenkwezi kaDavide
Ngaphakathi kweempawu zamaYuda, kunokutshiwo ukuba yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kule nkcubeko. Imisela intsingiselo kubo bonke abantu abaza kungena kolu nqulo. Ukususela kwi-Middle Ages kuxa eli nani liqala ukudityaniswa namaYuda, ngexesha lokuhombisa zonke iindawo zokwakha ukuphakamisa ubuni babo.
Ikwanawo namanye amagama ukufikelela kolu melo olufana nomzobo kaDavide, Shield of David okanye uMagen David. Nayiphi na kwezi ntsingiselo zintathu ibhekiselwa kulo mqondiso wamandulo. Imbali yayo isixelela ukuba inani lahlala libhaliwe kwikhaka likaKumkani uDavide, njengesithethantonye samandla, ubukroti kunye nesibindi sabo bonke abantu.
Ibandakanya ukubunjwa koonxantathu ababini abalinganayo abathanda ukudibanisa omnye nomnye. Iziphumo yinkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo enamanqaku amathandathu ebhlowu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwiflegi kunye nalo mbala phantsi kwemvelaphi emhlophe, ukuze isimboli sivelele kuzo zonke iindawo ezihlala kuzo. Kamva, ubuSilamsi kunye nobuKristu ngokwabo banika uzuko kwi Inkwenkwezi kaDavide kuphela ngeenjongo zonqulo.
UDavide waba ngukumkani wokuqala owamiselwa nguThixo emhlabeni ukuba anyamekele izilangazelelo zakhe. Ubuntu bakhe bamkhokelela ekulweni nabanye abalwi abafana noGoliyati kwindawo efana nehexagram. Ngenxa yesi sizathu kuyaqondakala ukuba inkwenkwezi ihlala ngaphakathi kweempawu zamaYuda kunye nomfutho omkhulu, ngenxa yomzabalazo wale nkosi ukuzikhusela. La mandla aquka uphahla lwezulu kunye neplanethi yasemhlabeni.
Menorah
Ukubonakala kwalo mzobo kubangela iimpawu zamaYuda zembali enkulu kuluntu. I-menorah yicandelabra eneengalo ezisixhenxe ezazisebenza njengezibane zeoyile zokukhanyisa phakathi kobumnyama. Abanye abaphandi bagcina ukuba into yayilele kwiTempile yaseYerusalem, de yaba sisixhobo sehlelo, esinomxholo ongcwele.
Xa i-menorah ilayitiwe, ivakalisa amaxesha okholo nethemba. Kwanele nje ukubeka ikhandlela ukubongoza ukuphela kwemfazwe okanye ukutsala impumelelo kwisizwe. AmaKristu ayixabisa kakhulu le nto, kuba inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nentlungu, ukufa kunye nokuvuka kukaYesu Kristu.
I-Menorah ithetha "isibane" ngolwimi lwesiHebhere, nangona inezinye izithethantonye ezibhekiselele kukukhanya, ubunyulu kunye nethemba. Eyokuqala ke yayakhiwe ngegolide ecocekileyo, ukuze ibekho endlwini yaseYerusalem. Xa uThixo wabonakala kuye okokuqala, wayalela ukwakhiwa kwento enjengesibane sokukhanyisa izibane kwiifomula zeoli. Kwincwadi yeEksodus (25, 31) kukho esi sicatshulwa silandelayo:
«Yenza isiphatho sesibane segolide ekhandiweyo. Isiseko saso, isiqu saso neekomityi zayo, iikhalyksi neentyatyambo, ziya kuba sisiqwenga esinye."
Sinokusibeka esi sibane sezakhiwo ezisixhenxe kuwo nawuphi na umnquba, oko kukuthi, kwiitempile zendalo enokuthuthwa ukuze sikhumbule ukuba uThixo wabonakala phambi koMoses, enommiselo wokuwakha. Kambe ukho uMnquba wamaYuda obhekisa ngandlel’ ithile kwiziganeko ezenzeka kwiNtaba yeSinayi, ngemihombiso emalaphuni okanye kumalengalenga.
EBhayibhileni akukho nto ikhankanyiweyo ngemenorah ephambili, kuba ibala enye enye i-10 eyongezelelekileyo eneentyantyambo kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada yegolide yasekhaya. UKumkani uSolomon (unyana kaDavide) wayalela ukuba kuthunywe iintetho eziliqela ukuba zisasazwe engcweleni yakhe. Enezibane ezilishumi, wazandlala kuzo yonke indawo: ezintlanu ngasekhohlo, esinye ezintlanu ngasekunene.
Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yashiyeka phi iMenorah yokuqala. Unqulo lwamaYuda lubalisa ukuba sabiwa nguTito (nangona kamva amathandabuzo angena enoba eso sibane sasisesokwenene okanye senziwe ngenkohliso). Nangona kunjalo, eli khandlela liphinde lavela kamsinya emva kokuba bekucingelwa ukuba libiwe kwiiVandals. Kamva, bayidlulisela eConstantinople.
Kodwa zithetha ukuthini iingalo ezisixhenxe? Iintsuku ezisixhenxe uThixo azithathayo ukudala indalo yonke njengoko yaziwa. Kunoko, ukukhanya ngamandla okomoya abanawo abantu. Ezinye iinguqulelo zichaza ukuba ingalo ephakathi ihambelana noMgqibelo, kuba sesona siganeko sizukileyo ukuba bonke ubuKristu bubhiyozelwa ngovuyo: ukuvuka kukaYesu Kristu.
hanukiya
Ijongeka ifana ne-menorah enamasebe asixhenxe, kodwa endaweni yeli nani, yongeza amabini ngaphezulu ukwenza ithoba lilonke. Yaziwa njengeHanukkah Menorah, isetyenziselwa iintsuku ezisibhozo, imibhiyozo yobusuku obusibhozo. Kukho imiqondiso ebalulekileyo yamaYuda, kodwa uHanukkiah ugcina imbali yokuzalwa kweTempile yesiBini eYerusalem. Ubusuku ngabunye kukho ubuncinci ikhandlela elikhanyisiweyo kude kube yimini elandelayo ukukhumbula uMthendeleko weZibane.
Kippah
Yicap entle eyinxalenye yempahla yamaYuda, esetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi ngamadoda. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyahlukahlukana, kuba amanye amadoda akhetha ukuyisebenzisa yonke imihla, ngelixa amanye ekhetha ukuba yi-orthodox ngakumbi kunye nokubekwa kwayo ngeMigqibelo okanye xa sele beza kungena kwiSikhungu. Ukuba indoda yeli qela ayingomYuda, ikwanyanzelekile ukuba ibe neKippah ukuze ingazibandakanyi kule meko.
Ukwenziwa kweKippah akulandeli ipatheni ethile, kuba sisikepusi esinxitywa ngabo bonke abemi abasebenzisa ubuYuda njengenkolo yabo ephambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunyanzelekile kwimixholo ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Chai
Luphawu olwaqalayo lwabanye ababini abakwialfabhethi edumileyo yesiHebhere (chet and yod). Xa zombini iigrafu zidibana zinika intsingiselo eyahlukileyo kuneyokuqala. I-chai ibhekisela "kukuphila", "ubomi" okanye "ubomi obuphilayo". Ngokwenkcubeko, luphawu olubekwe kwiimbasa ukutsala amathamsanqa okanye ukukhuselwa kubo bonke ububi. Ngeenjongo zokubala, ihambelana nenombolo ye-18 kwimisebenzi ye-gematria. Linani elihle kakhulu, elibonisa ukungafihlisi kunye nolonwabo lwamaYuda.
IJamsa
Ihambelana nenye i-amulet yethamsanqa elihle kwimilo yesandla. Imvelaphi yayo ivela kuMbindi Mpuma okanye kuMntla Afrika. AmaSilamsi agcina isiko lokubeka isandla sikaFatima kwiminyango yezindlu zabo njengophawu lokhuseleko, ukuze imikhosi yobubi ingabi nako ukungena endlwini.
Eli gama linemvelaphi yalo kulwimi lwesiArabhu ukubhekisa kwinani lesihlanu, kuba zilingana nenani leminwe enalo iamulet. Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kwale medallion inkulu kuvela kwiMesopotamiya yamandulo.
Dreidel
Ngumphezulu onamacala amane osetyenziselwa uMthendeleko weZibane okanye iHanukkah. Kwicala ngalinye kukho unobumba wealfabhethi yesiHebhere, ngokomzekelo uNun (נ), Gimel (ג), Hei (ה) noShin (ש). Ezi zopelo azimiselwanga ngamabona-ndenzile, kuba zisebenza njengesalathiso sokuyalela imithetho yomdlalo. Kamva, abaphengululi bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ngokwenza isivakalisi ngala magama okuqala, baguqulela ngokuthi “kusandul’ ukwenzeka ummangaliso omkhulu.”
Phakathi kwezinye iinguqulelo ezivunyelwa yimiqondiso yamaYuda, lo mphezulu ugcina amaphondo amane awayethinjelwe njengeBhabhiloni, iPersi, iSeleucid neRoma.
mezuzah
Ingumqulu odumileyo wamandulo oneendinyana zeTorah ezigcinwe kwibhokisi encinci. Ubuncinane kwikhaya ngalinye kukho iMezuzah eseminyango, njengenxalenye yentlonelo enkulu ekhoyo kwimithetho efumaneka kwiZibhalo Ezingcwele yolu hlobo lwenkcubeko yamaYuda. Ifumana ukufaneleka okukhulu ukuba ikhona ezikolweni okanye kwizindlu zesikhungu, njengento ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke iziseko ezingundoqo ezidibanisa inani elithile labalandeli.
Ukubeka embalini, kulithuba lokubonisa ukuba ezi ndinyana zabhalwa ebudeni beDuteronomi, ezizibizo zazo zisabela kwiDuteronomi. Shema uSirayeli y Vehaya im shamoa. Ayizizo zonke iiMezuzah ezenzelwe ukuba zibe kwindawo enye. Ikhaya ngalinye linoxanduva lokusebenzisa iisimboli zamaYuda, kodwa kule meko ikhethekileyo kubalulekile ukuba amagama abhalwe yi-iron connoisseur yeTorah, kuba uyakwazi ukuqonda intsingiselo yeendinyana, ade alungelelanise eyona ifanelekileyo ekhaya okanye esikolweni.
shofar
Kulo lonke uluhlu lweempawu zamaYuda, i-shofar yenye yezona zinto zikhunjulwa kakhulu kunye neNkwenkwezi kaDavide ngokubonisa isimo sophondo. Akukho milo okanye ubungakanani obuthile, kuba intsingiselo iyafana ncakasana kuzo zonke iimeko. Idla ngokuvakala kwitheko loNyaka Omtsha okanye nasiphi na esinye isiganeko esibalulekileyo esibhiyozelwa ngamaYuda.
YHVH
Sisishunqulelo esithatha indawo yegama elithi Yahveh, uthixo kaSirayeli eliphendula kwaeli gama linye. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, izikhamiso zoonobumba besiHebhere azinaxabiso elifanayo nelesiLatini, ngoko zinokutyeshelwa ekubhalweni. Ukuba umntu uqwalasela oonobumba bokuqala kunye noonobumba «YHVH» ubhekisa kweli gunya likaSirayeli. Lo Thixo waziwa kwezinye iingqiqo njengetetragrammaton. Ukususela kulo mzuzu ukuya phambili, zonke izifundo ezizukisa uYehova ziye zenziwa ngaphandle kokushiywa kwezikhamiso.
Ukukhanya okungunaphakade
Izalisekisa umsebenzi ofanayo kunye ne-menorah yokuqala yamasebe asixhenxe okanye i-hanukiah yamasebe alithoba, njengoko isibane esilula esinye esihambisa ukukhanya kuyo yonke ingcwele. Ikhona kuzo zonke izindlu zesikhungu zamaYuda njengophawu lwamandla okuba ikhandlela libonakalise yonke into ejikelezileyo, njengokuzalisa wonke umntu okhoyo ngamandla. Ayinakusilela nakweyiphi na itempile eyakhiweyo ukuze kuzukiswe iziganeko zaseYerusalem.
KuMthendeleko Wezibane okanye iHanukkah, iqulethe imfihlelo efihlakeleyo ngenxa yokuvukelwa kweeMaccabees ukuze kubuyiselwe itrone yokuqala eyakhiwe eYerusalem. Ngokuphumeza olu sukelo, baphinda bavuselela ukukhanya okungunaphakade njengomthombo wokholo nethemba. Ezinye iziphazamiso zavela ukuze isibane singahlali ixesha elifunekayo, ngenxa yokufumana ukwaliwa rhoqo ukukhupha ioli ababegcina ngayo amakhandlela ekhanyiswe ixesha elide.
Kwadlula iintsuku ezisibhozo de kwafika isixa esitsha seoli ukuze ukukhanya okungunaphakade kuqhubeke kuvutha ixesha elide. Ummangaliso wokufumana le nto ukuze kugcinwe ukukhanya kusisenzo esikhulu sokholo, esenza onke amaYuda abhiyozele lo msitho ngokubandakanya ihanukiah enamakhandlela asithoba akhanyiswe ngombala opheleleyo.
Iintsika zikaBhohazi noYakin
Ezi zakhiwo zimbini zinembali enkulu njengoko ziyinxalenye yeetempile ezizukileyo ezakhiwa nguKumkani uSolomon. Zizizakhiwo zokwakha ezingqina ubukho beTempile yokuqala eYerusalem, indawo ebiyelweyo apho iMenorah iphumle khona, inoxanduva lokukhanyisa ngeengalo zayo ezisixhenxe. Abanalo inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekuxhaseni indawo, kuba indima yabo ihombisa ngokungqongqo.
Ikholamu kaJakin ijolise ekuboniseni elona cala lamadoda kwindalo iphela njengamandla angenakoyiswa, ukukhanya kunye neentshukumo ezikhawulezayo. Ngeli xesha, uBhohazi umele into eyahlukileyo: amaxesha obumnyama, iziqephu ezinkulu zobumnyama nezinto ezinxulunyaniswa nokuba wedwa. Kanye xa sidibanisa zombini ezi zinto, inika ulungelelwano olunomdla kakhulu, apho ilungelelanisa iindawo ezimbini ezisingqongileyo ukwenza indalo iphela.
amaxabiso omfuziselo amanani
I-Gematria lisebe elibalaseleyo lokuqonda intsingiselo efihliweyo okanye ecacileyo ukuba amanani amaYuda anayo. Igama ngalinye limelwe lixabiso elithile lamanani elifanele likhunjulwe. Oko kuthethiweyo, ixabiso ngalinye ecaleni kwentsingiselo yalo yokuqala:
- Inani 3: Ngokuthe ngqo lifuzisela uthando, nangona likhumbula ukubonakala kokuqala koosolusapho abathathu: uIsake, uYakobi noAbraham.
- Inombolo yesi-5: Ibhekisela ngokuthe ngqo kwimibhalo-ngqangi emihlanu equlethwe yiTorah, ngaphezu kokukhumbula i-medallion ye-Jamsa ebekwe ekungeneni kwezindlu. Yonke iminquba yenziwe ziintsika ezintlanu.
- Umzobo 6: Lithuba lokuqalisa ukubonakalisa iintsuku ezintandathu zokuqala zendalo iphela.
- Inombolo yesi-7: Lo mfanekiso kwezinye iinkcubeko unenzuzo kwabo bakholelwa kwinhlanhla, ngaphezu kokuvuselela yonke imihla uThixo awayithabathayo ukudala ihlabathi lakhe. Ziingalo ezisixhenxe zeMenorah, isiphatho sesibane esidumileyo samaYuda.
- Inombolo yesi-8: Imela imini apho uThixo abona yonke into edalwe kwimini enkulu. Lixesha loMthendeleko weHanukkah apho onke amakhandlela asibhozo akhanyisiwe, imini nobusuku.
- Umfanekiso 9: Isithethantonye sokukhulelwa nokuzala. Ixesha lokumitha komntu omtsha.
- Inombolo 10: Ibhekisa kwimithetho ye-10 esekwe yiCawa eNgcwele.
- Inani le-12: Linani elipheleleyo lezizwe zakwaSirayeli eziye zanikela umxholo owaneleyo kwimbali yehlabathi.
- Umzobo 18: Ukuba ukholelwa kwinhlanhla, ngoko unelungelo elipheleleyo lokuthenga zonke iindondo eziqulethe i-Chai njengenombolo ephambili. Akunjalo amaYuda akholelwa kule mali, kodwa ezinye iinkolo ezifana ne-Islam okanye ubuKristu obufuna ukufumana ii-vibes ezilungileyo.