Umthi we-Evergreen: Iimpawu, Ukhathalelo kunye nokunye

Imithi ixatyiswe kakhulu, ithathwa njengezona zityalo zibalaseleyo nezinomtsalane kwiplanethi yomhlaba. I isityalo esihlala siluhlaza Ibonakala ngokuba luhlobo oluhlala ixesha elide, funda apha zonke iimpawu zayo, iipropathi, ukhathalelo kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Yintoni isityalo se-Evergreen?

Zonke izityalo zineentlobo ngeentlobo zeempawu ezithile kakhulu ezahlula omnye komnye, kodwa zonke ngokubanzi zinobuhle obukhethekileyo, ukongeza, zinokuhlelwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo, nokuba ziziqhamo zazo, iintyatyambo, imibala, phakathi kwabanye. .

Imithi yenza indawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, kuyaziwa ukuba abantu batyala kakhulu kwezi ntlobo.

Zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni ubomi, kuba ezi ziqhuba inkqubo ye-photosynthesis, enika i-oksijini ukuphefumula kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, ngoko ke ukuba bekungekho mithi, ihlabathi liya kuba yintlango epheleleyo.

La isityalo esihlala siluhlaza Inamagqabi, njengoko igama layo libonisa, aluhlaza unyaka wonke, into ekhethekileyo eyenza ukuba yahluke kwimithi evuthulukayo, oku kuthetha ukuba awaphulukani nawo onke amagqabi awo ngaxeshanye, kodwa endaweni yoko awahlaziye njengemithi evuthulukayo. izityalo ezihlala ziluhlaza okanye zihlala ziluhlaza.

Enye yeempawu eziphambili ze isityalo esihlala siluhlaza, kukuba luhlobo oluhlala ngokungaqhelekanga, apho imithi ye uhlala uluhlaza Zaziwa njengezityalo ezingapheliyo kwaye igama ezinalo ngenxa yeziqhamo zazo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli ligama elinikwe imithi kunye nezihlahla ezigcina imeko ethile yobomi unyaka wonke, zingatshintshwa ngamaxesha onyaka, nangona ziyintlobo zemithi ehlala ifumaneka kwiindawo ezibandayo.

Uqoqosho

El igama lenzululwazi ye Umthi ihlala iluhlaza yiMyoporum Laetum, elisuka kwigama lesiGrike elithi Myoporum, ngenxa yokuba ingumthi onamagqabi atshintshanayo okanye anamagqabi, yaye iintyatyambo zawo zidla ngokuba zodwa. Nangona kunjalo i ihlala iluhlaza Ngumthi okanye isihlahla esisuka eOceania, ngakumbi sisuka eNew Zealand.

Ukongeza, lo mthi waziwa ngamagama "ihlala iluhlaza” okanye “i-transparent”, i-Myoporum laetum, i-gandul, i-gandula kunye ne-myopore ngamanye amagama ayo. Ngumthi okwintsapho yakwaScrophulariaceae, unokugqalwa njengesityalo esingaqhelekanga kwaye kwangaxeshanye uhlasela kakhulu, kuba unokugubungela izandiso ezinkulu kunye neendawo ezisebenza njengezithintelo.

Zikhula kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, ezindleleni kunye nakumahlathi asezantsi, apho zinokukhula kwaye zisasazeke ngokukhululekileyo, nangona kunjalo, zinokufumaneka lula kwiindawo ezinjengePortugal, Catalonia, Andalusia, Murcia, iZiqithi zeBalearic kunye nezinye iindawo ezinokubakho. Ukubonisa imozulu eshushu kakhulu.

Iimpawu zeEvergreen Tree

Phakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo iimpawu zomthi ohlala uluhlaza, singafumana oku kulandelayo:

• Umthi ihlala iluhlazaLihlathi elinokufikelela kubude obumalunga neemitha ezili-10.
• Zidubula ukusuka ekupheleni kobusika ukuya phakathi entwasahlobo kwaye ziyi-hermaphroditic, okuthetha ukuba ziyakwazi ukudubula kunye namalungu esini sendoda kunye nesetyhini kwintyatyambo enye.
• Iintyatyambo zayo zipentamerous, zibonisa ubume beziqwenga ezintlanu kunye ne-sub actinomorphic, apho zikwanazo nestamens ezinokuphuma kwi-corolla kwaye zinokufikelela kwi-4 okanye 5 yeesentimitha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Ezi zinokuba ne-eriyali eziviolet.
• Lo mthi womelele kakhulu, uyamelana nemimoya enamandla kunye nomhlaba wesanti kakuhle. Zikwi-75% yazo zonke izityalo ezifumaneka kwiplanethi yethu.
• Zinokuba nesiqhamo esilula kuphela, imilo yazo inentsinga kwaye ikholisa ukuba nembewu enye kuphela, enemilo e-oval kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iquadrangular. Imbewu imdaka okhanyayo okanye i-orenji, ngelixa imilinganiselo yazo iqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-9 yeemilimitha.

• Zonke iziqhamo ze ihlala iluhlaza Zidla ngokuba yinyama kwaye zingakukutya okubaluleke kakhulu kwiintaka, phakathi kwazo kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezifana nethrush. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba izityalo zingafumani imbewu ezidla ngokuyijonga iintaka, ngoko ziye zithande ukukhangela ezo zomthi uhlala uluhlaza, konke oku kunokubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwiintaka ezihlala kuloo ndawo.
• Ixolo le ihlala iluhlaza inenkangeleko eqhekekileyo nemdaka ngebala, amasetyana ayo anombala obomvu buntsundu kwaye ahlala eneethowuni eziluhlaza, kodwa ngaphandle kweenwele naphi na kwisityalo.
• Amagqabi awo anetyhefu, anencam ephela okanye enamazinyo kancinane, kwaye ahonjiswe ngamadlala amancinci aguquguqukayo. Zinombala oluhlaza oqaqambileyo kwaye njengomphantsi, zinokuba luthuthu kakhulu.
• Ngokubanzi ezi zityalo zityalwa ngendlela yetyholo nanjengothango. Nangona, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezinikezelwa kwiintlobo, ezi zingabonakaliswa njengemizekelo yomthi.
• Ezi zityalo zivame ukunyamezela umthunzi, kuba ngolu hlobo lweemeko isityalo sinokufumaneka ihlala iluhlaza ukuba ikhula nasemahlathini nakwezinye iintshinyela, ukuba nje igcinwe ikwimeko entle yolondolozo.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwezi ndawo zinokugqiba ukufuthanisela ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye into enye into efika ukukhula ngeenxa zonke kuzo, ngenxa yokuba zihlasela kakhulu kwaye zikhuthazwa yile meko, zinokuseka ubukhosi bazo kunye neemeko ezithile ezenza kube nzima ukuzalwa kwakhona. kwaye zide zichaphazele nokuphila kwezo ezinye iintlobo.
• Umthi ihlala iluhlaza idla ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ngamaxesha entwasahlobo, apho iimeko ezigqibeleleyo zokukhula kwezityalo zisekwe kwaye ngale ndlela, isakhiwo sawo sinokuba nesivalo esingqukuva, ngakumbi kuba lo mthi ubonakalisa kakhulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamasebe onawo. .
• Izityalo uhlala uluhlaza Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuhombisa ingaphakathi lamakhaya kunye negadi, ngokuyinhloko ukuba yinxalenye yeendonga ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ngaphezu kokuba ezi nazo zisetyenziswa njengocingo kwiindlela.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi i ulwazi ngomthi evergreen, ekubeni esi sisityalo esinamandla kakhulu, kangangokuba sinamandla okumelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokusikeka ezinokuthi zenziwe ngexesha lokuthena, nangona kunjalo, ziyakwazi ukuvakalelwa kakhulu kubanda, ngakumbi xa ziphakathi. inqanaba lobutsha.

Iipropati ze-Evergreen Tree

Isityalo ihlala iluhlazaNgokutsho kwe-ecology yabo, baxutywa yi-mistletoe, enezinto ezininzi zonyango, kuba sisityalo esilwa ne-antibacterial esilawula ukubulala okanye ukuthintela ukukhula kwezinye iintlobo ze-microorganisms. Ukongeza ekubeni yi-antioxidants, ukwenzela ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa umonakalo owenzeka kwiiseli.

Esi sityalo luhlobo olunomdla kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, lunokubulala kwimfuyo ukuba ludliwe, kuba lunokuba yityhefu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukwanyusa i-immune:

1. hypolipidemic: Yehlisa amanqanaba egazi
2. Isifo seswekile: Yehlisa amanqanaba eglucose egazini.
3. I-antidiarrheal kunye ne-antihypertensive: Oko kuthetha ukuba inceda ukwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukuhanjiswa kunye nendawo yokuhlala

Umthi ihlala iluhlaza Ivela eNew Zealand, apho ihlala ikhula kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni kunye namahlathi aphantsi, kodwa iphinda ilinywe ngokubanzi kwezinye iindawo zaseYurophu kwaye ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezinemozulu efudumeleyo okanye epholileyo.

Ubungozi

Olu hlobo lwesityalo lubaluleke kakhulu kwizifundo zenzululwazi, kwaye unobangela woku yityhefu enokubangela ukonakala kwesibindi, kuba ukuba olu hlobo lwesityalo lutyiwe zizilwanyana ezithile, lunokubangela izifo ezinzulu kwaye lunokubangela nokufa kwezilwanyana. njengeegusha, iinkomo neehagu.

Olu luhlobo ulwazi ngomthi evergreen ukuba bonke abanini beefama kunye neefama zeenkomo kufuneka bazi, ekubeni isityalo sithambile kwaye siyaziwa ukuba singunobangela wetyhefu kwiinkomo, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.

Sebenzisa

Iqela lesizwe sasePolynesia lamaMaori ahlala kwiziqithi zaseNew Zealand, ayesebenzisa amagqabi e ihlala iluhlaza ukuzihlikihla esikhumbeni ukuze ugxothe iingcongconi kunye neembuzane. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa kwangaphandle kunye nakwiigadi, iipati kunye neendlela.

Ukongezelela, inokuhlwayelwa emacaleni azo zonke izityalo kunye neendlela, kule meko inokubekwa ngabanye okanye ngamaqela. Ezi zityalo zezona kufuneka zilinywe, ngakumbi kwiigadi eziselunxwemeni.

Usasazeko

El ihlala iluhlaza Njengezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezininzi, inesixhobo sokusasazeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezi zikhankanywe ngezantsi:

Imbewu

Imbewu ye ihlala iluhlaza Ilinganisa malunga ne-7 ukuya kwi-9 mm, zimdaka ngokukhanyayo kunye nethoni e-orenji kancinane kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba imbewu ihlelwe kwisithuba seeveki ezisibhozo, ngaloo ndlela inika ixesha lokuba inkqubo yokuntshula yenzeke, engathatha iinyanga ezininzi.

Noko ke, ngokunciphisa ubungqingqwa bomaleko ongaphandle oqinileyo, endaweni yokukrazula ngobunono ngemela okanye usebenzisa i<em>sandpaper, ixesha lokuntshula linokuhamba phambili.

Ukusika

Ukusasazeka komthi ihlala iluhlaza Ingenziwa kwakhona ngokusikwa kunye nokusebenzisa i-hormone ye-rooting, apho iingcambu zeli hlathi ziya kuqala ukwenza phakathi kweeveki ezi-5 kunye ne-9.

Ukulinywa kweEvergreen

Isityalo ihlala iluhlaza Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukubulela kwiimpawu zayo zokuhombisa, ngakumbi kwiindawo zangaphandle nangaphakathi zekhaya, yiyo loo nto idla ngokufunwa kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abacaci malunga neemeko ezifunekayo ezi zityalo kufuneka zibe nazo ukuze zikhule. ube nophuhliso oluhle.

Kungenxa yoko le nto, ngezantsi siza kugxininisa iimeko eziphambili eziyimfuneko esi sityalo sidinga, ukuze sibe nokukhula okuhle kokuhlobisa:

Ubicación

Logama nje izityalo zikwindawo efanelekileyo, ziya kukhula phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo, zingenelwe kwindawo entle ezinayo kunye nazo zonke iimeko ezizithandayo ngokwemvelo, njengomoya, ukukhanya kwelanga kunye namanzi.

Las izityalo ezihlala ziluhlaza Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlakulela ukukhula okufanelekileyo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ngoko ke kucetyiswa ukuba babe nokuchaswa ngokuthe ngqo elangeni, nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukugxininisa ukuba ihlala iluhlaza inokukhula ngokugqibeleleyo kwiindawo ezinomthunzi.

Ukuphindaphinda

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukuphindaphinda i izityalo ezihlala ziluhlaza Inxulumene nokuveliswa kwayo, okunokuthi kube ngokwesondo, ngembewu kunye ne-pollination, okokugqibela okuya kuxhomekeka ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwezinyosi ekuhambiseni iiseli zesilisa ukuya kwabasetyhini.

Nangona, ukuvelisa kwakhona kunokuba yi-asexual, mhlawumbi ngokusikwa okanye i-protuberances evela kwisityalo.

Inkqutyana

Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu xa kulinywa izityalo ezihlala ziluhlaza ngumhlaba okanye umhlaba otyalwe kuwo, ekubeni unokuthanda ukukhula nokukhula kwawo okufanelekileyo, ekubeni umhlaba ungowona ubonelela ngeeminerali eziyimfuneko ezinceda ukuqinisa ukukhula kwemithi.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucetyiswa ukuba umhlaba kunye nomhlaba ube ne-acidic, i-alkaline pH okanye ungcono, ukuba ube ngumhlaba ongathathi hlangothi, ekubeni umthi unokuba kuwo nawuphi na umhlaba we-saline, ugxininisa into yokuba unokukhula kuwo wonke umhlaba. indawo engaphantsi komhlaba, ephuhlayo yomelele kuyo yonke imizobo yayo, kukhethwa ukuba ibe nesanti, idongwe, kunye neloamy.

Ukongezelela, umhlaba kufuneka ukhutshwe okanye ube nenkqubo yokukhupha kakuhle, ukongeza kumhlaba oququzelela ukujikeleza kwamanzi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthi oluhlaza ukholisa ukuthanda umhlaba otyebileyo kwi-peat, kwaye uchume kwimihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo neyomileyo.

Unkcenkceshelo

Ukunkcenkceshela kwe izityalo ezihlala ziluhlaza, kubalulekile ukuba ezi zibe nokukhula okubalaseleyo, kuba ngenxa yoku iinkqubo ze-biochemical ezithandwa zonke izityalo ziyenziwa.

Nangona kunjalo, kucetyiswa ukuba ezi zityalo zinkcenkceshelwe ngendlela elinganisiweyo, kuba iintlobo ihlala iluhlaza inokuphila ngokuzolileyo ngamaxesha omileyo, igxininisa ukulinywa kwayo kwiindawo eziphantsi kwe-subtropical okanye i-Atlantic, apho kungadingeki ukuba kuqhutywe naluphi na uhlobo lokunkcenkceshela, ngenxa yobukho bamanzi aneleyo emvula.

Ukupasa

Isichumisi sikwayinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa unesityalo. ihlala iluhlaza, ekubeni oku kungokwezinto ezibekwe ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni, ukwenzela ukuqinisa iimpawu zayo kunye neenzuzo ezinikezela kwizityalo.

Njengoko ixesha lihamba, imihlaba inokuwohloka kakhulu kwaye ilahlekelwe yimeko yayo enhle, oku kubangelwa ukuvezwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kokutyala izityalo.

Nangona kunjalo, sinokugqamisa ukuba isityalo ihlala iluhlaza Ayifuni naluphi na uhlobo lwezichumisi ezikhethekileyo, oku kungenxa yokuba ngokuqhelekileyo zikhulu kakhulu kwaye azifuni kugcinwa kakhulu.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

Ngokubanzi, izityalo zinokuvezwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo, apho kwezinye iimeko zithandeka kakhulu kwaye kwezinye azikho kangako, oku kuthetha ukuba oku kunokuba luncedo ekukhuleni kwabo okuhle kunye nophuhliso, kodwa banokuchaphazeleka ngokuchaseneyo. ibhaktheriya kunye ne-microorganisms ezifumaneka kwindawo.

Ukonakalisa ngokumandla iintyatyambo kunye nezityalo zezinye izityalo ezithile. Noko ke, njengoko umthi ihlala iluhlaza Ibonakala ngokuba namandla kakhulu, ayiqhelekanga ukuba nolu hlobo lwengxaki ngokubhekiselele kwizifo okanye izinambuzane.

Iindidi ze-Evergreen Tree

ezimbini zingafunyanwa Iindidi zemithi ihlala iluhlazaEwe; Eyokuqala yimithi ehlala kwiindawo ezishushu neneentyatyambo namagqabi abanzi. Ngelixa uhlobo lwesibini yimithi ehlala kwindawo ezinobushushu obupholileyo, apho kubanda kakhulu, kwaye eminye ikufuphi neNorth Pole.

Ngokuqhelekileyo amagqabi emithi ehlala eluhlaza aqina kwaye angqindilili kunamagqabi emithi evuthulukayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amaqabunga alolu hlobo anokuthi abe phezu komthi iminyaka emibini okanye ngaphezulu, aze awele nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka.

Amahlathi e-evergreen ahlala kumantla e-hemisphere ahlala e-conifers enaliti, nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, amahlathi ahlala eluhlaza anemithi enamagqabi anzima, ekwazi ukumelana kakhulu nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi.

Kwi-hemisphere esezantsi kunye neendawo ezitshisayo, i Ihlathi eliphantsi kwaye imvula inemithi enamagqabi abanzi ahlala eluhlaza. Eminye imizekelo yemithi uhlala uluhlaza ekhoyo kwihlabathi jikelele, inokuba yimipayini, imisipres, imisedare nezinye.

Ipayina yimithi ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu ebandayo kwaye kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu emhlabeni, ezenza amahlathi abizwa ngokuba ngamahlathi ompayina, ngelixa amagqabi emipayini emile okwenaliti, emxinwa kakhulu kwaye omelele, kwaye aphuma phakathi. amaqela.

Sinako kwakhona ukufumana Calliandra magdalenae okanye  ibonsai ehlala iluhlaza, oluluhlobo lomthi okanye isihlahla esivela kwitropiki yaseMelika kunye neCaribbean. Ezi zizityalo ezinobungakanani obuncinci, kuba zihlala zikhula kuphela phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-5 yeemitha, nangona lo mthi omncinci uneentlobo ngeentlobo zeziqu kunye nesithsaba separasol, ihlala iluhlaza kwaye ixinene kakhulu.

Amagqabi we ibonsai ehlala iluhlaza zi-compound, ziyatshintshana kwaye azifani, oku kuthetha ukuba zikhula kwinqwelo-moya enye kwicala ngalinye lesiqu, ngelixa amaphecana azo evala xa kuhlwa aphinde avuleke ekuzeni kokusa.

Iintyatyambo zayo zinenkangeleko yestamen emhlophe emazantsi, kodwa zipinki okanye zibomvu ukuya embindini. Zihlala kancinci kakhulu, kodwa zifumaneka unyaka wonke, amaxolo azo angwevu kwaye arhabaxa.

Iziphumo ezibi zomthi ohlala uluhlaza

Singakwazi kwakhona ukufumana imeko yomthi ohlala uluhlaza "Ligustrum lucidum", obangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisakhiwo sehlathi apho ikhula khona ekuqaleni kwaye ibangele ilahleko yezinto eziphilayo, ekubeni ichaphazela izilwanyana ezininzi, ngokutsho kwezifundo ezenziwa ngabanye. izazinzulu.

Isityalo esihlala siluhlaza sinokwenza utshintsho olukhulu kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo, njengezikhukhula, kuba ubukho bezityalo ezihlala buluhlaza kuthintela amanzi emvula ukuba afunxeke emhlabeni, kodwa kwangaxeshanye zifunxa amanzi amaninzi, nto leyo engakuvumeli ukukhula kwemvula. ezinye izityalo kwaye ikwachaphazela umgangatho wobomi bomntu, ngenxa yokunqaba kwamanzi kwimithombo engaphantsi komhlaba.

Ngelishwa, esi sityalo sibonakaliswe ngokusasazeka kwizantya ze-abysmal, engeyona inzuzo, kuba ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye zikhuphisana kakhulu neentlobo zendawo.

Ukongeza, i-evergreen isongela i-fauna yendawo ngokuvelisa utshintsho kwisondlo sayo, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezithole zayo, okuyimeko apho zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana zingakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nazo kwaye enye yeentlobo ezichaphazelekayo ziintaka.

Ukukhula kwezinye iintaka eziqhelekileyo kuyacuthwa kwimimandla emininzi, njenge Tacuarita azul, chincheros grande, el Rey del Bosque kunye ne arañero, phakathi kwezinye, zizinto ezithanda ukunyamalala kancinci kancinci. Kwelinye icala, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezichatshazelwa kukuguqulwa kwehlathi lemveli eliveliswa kubukho bezityalo ezihlala ziluhlaza.

Iingenelo zeEvergreen Tree

Imithi ye-evergreen ihambelana kakuhle neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemihlaba, kuba inika ukubonakala okuqinileyo kunye nokuzinza ngamaxesha onke. Ukongezelela, ezi azilahlekelwa ngamagqabi awo ekwindla, njengoko kukho ukulahlekelwa ngokuthe ngcembe okungadingi ukugcinwa, okanye ukuphakanyiswa rhoqo okanye ukususwa kwamagqabi.

Ezi ntlobo zinika umbala kunye nobomi kwiimbonakalo zomhlaba unyaka wonke, zikhula kuninzi lweplanethi, nakwiindawo ezibandayo kunye nomkhenkce.