Iintlobo ze-mushroom ze-venous

Amakhowa kukutya okuxabiswa kakhulu kwi-gastronomy, kodwa njengoko uninzi lwethu lusazi, ayingawo onke amakhowa alungele ukusetyenziswa. Ukusetyenziswa kwamakhowa anetyhefu kunokubangela ityhefu eyingozi kakhulu, de ifikelele kwinqanaba eligqithileyo njengokufa. Masihambe ngeenxalenye, Kwindawo yokuqala, siya kuhlukanisa i-mushroom kwi-fungus kwaye kamva siya kukwazisa ukuba zeziphi iindidi ezinobuthi kakhulu zamakhowa.

Kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokuqonda ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zamakhowa anetyhefu, ukuphepha, njengoko sesitshilo, ukutyhefa. Kubalulekile ukuba ungatyi amakhowa angekachongwa okanye imvelaphi yayo ayaziwa. Ukuba kukho ityhefu enokwenzeka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uye esibhedlele.

Xa ixesha le-mushroom liqala kwilizwe lethu, kuqhelekile ukubona amaqela abathandi be-mycology kwiindawo ezithile zokhuni eziqokelela zombini iifungi kunye namakhowa. Kuba ukwenza iqoqo elikhuselekileyo nelihloniphekileyo kunye nendalo, uluhlu lwemimiselo kufuneka luthotyelwe ukuba uluntu ngalunye kufuneka lucacise. Nathi siza kuyibona kolu papasho.

Umahluko phakathi kweMushroom kunye neFungus

Umngundo sisidalwa esiphilayo esenziwe ngamalungu amabini.. la Eyokuqala kwezi yi-mycelium., ephantsi komhlaba, engatyiwayo. Le mycelium yenziwe linani elikhulu lemisonto emincinci ebizwa ngokuba yihyphae. I inxalenye yesibini, yintoni eyaziwa ngokuba mushroom, licala elingaphandle, elo sibonayo size silidle sonke.

La i-mushroom, inomsebenzi wokusebenza njengesixhobo sokuzala se-fungus kwaye kuphela kwenxalenye yekhowa enokunikwa ukuba ityiwe. Oko kukuthi, xa kwimenyu yebar okanye yokutyela sibona "amakhowa aqhekekileyo", ayichanekanga kuba kufuneka kubhalwe "amakhowa aqhekekileyo".

Ke ukuba inxalenye ye-mycelium iyakhula, idinga imo yobushushu kunye nokufuma ukuyinceda iphuhleLe nkqubo yaziwa njengokukhula kwezityalo. Xa i-mushroom ibonakala, kungenxa yokuba kuye kwakho ukuhla kancinci kweqondo lokushisa. I-mycelium, kunye nokuhla kweqondo lokushisa, iqala inkqubo yokukhula kokuzala. Uninzi lwamakhowa asele enziwe avelisa i-spores ukuze enze i-mycelium entsha.

Iimeko zokuvuna amakhowa

Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni kolu papasho, ukuvunwa kwamakhowa kusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokukhusela kungekhona kuphela iindawo ezinemithi, kodwa kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye neentlobo ezithile. Emva koko, sichaza le miqathango ukuze ukwazi ukuyiqwalasela.

Ukuvuna kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo ehlathini okanye entabeni. ingena ngokupheleleyo kunqatshelwe ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokurhola umhlaba okanye ukonakalisa indawo ye-mycelium lomngundo. Ukongezelela, amakhowa ezinye iintlobo ezingayi kuqokelelwa akufanele zonakaliswe, kuba zinemisebenzi yamahlathi kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezinomdla kwisayensi.

Ukuba ukuvuna kubandakanya ukuncothula ngokupheleleyo i-mushroom, Umhlaba olawulwayo kufuneka ushiywe kwezona meko zingcono kakhulu.. Umngxuma owenziweyo kufuneka ugcwaliswe ngomhlaba okhutshwe kwinkqubo yokukhupha i-mushroom.

Xa ufuna ukuqokelela amakhowa, ungalibali ukuzisa ibhasikidi okanye into enceda amakhowa ukuba aphefumle. Ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki, ilaphu okanye nasiphi na esinye isikhongozeli esinqanda ukubila kunye nokuwa kwespores akuvumelekanga.

azivumelekanga zombini ingqokelela amaqanda avaliweyo iintlobo ezithile mushroom, kwakunye ukuthenga nokuthengisa amakhowa ezintabeni okanye kwiindlela zehlathi. Ukongeza kokushiya inkunkuma kunye nokukhanyisa imililo.

Xa ukhetha amakhowa, Kufuneka uphathe iphepha-mvume elihambelanayo. Abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-14 akufuneki babe nale mvume. Kodwa ukuba bafuna ukwenza lo msebenzi, bafanele bakhatshwe ngumntu omdala onaye. Le mvume yeyakho kwaye ayidluliseli.

Ezi zezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo ezilandelwa lulo lonke uluntu ukuze ukuvunwa kwamakhowa kuqhutywe ngeyona ndlela ingcono.

iintlobo zamakhowa anetyhefu

Kweli candelo uya kufumana a dwelisa namanye amakhowa anetyhefu kakhulu zehlabathi. Khumbula ukuba ungadli amakhowa ongawaziyo kwaye uzazise ngeentlobo kunye neziphumo.

Fly swatter – Amanita Muscaria

I-mushroom ebomvu ye-Classic, egutyungelwe ngamabala amancinci amhlophe esiwabonile sonke kwiifilimu okanye kumabali abantwana. Eli khowa liqulethe into ekwazi ukubulala iimpukane, kungoko igama. Kwimeko yabantu, iyakwazi ukubangela ukuphazamiseka kokutya.

Boletus uSathana

Ngokumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-30 ububanzi, imibala ekhanyayo kunye nenyama eshinyeneyo kunye neethoni ezimhlophe, iBoletus uSathana. inokungatyeki kakhulu, kodwa ingabulali Ungasixelela njani igama lakho?

I-Olive Mushroom – Omphalotus olearius

Enye yezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zolu hlobo lwamakhowa kukuba ebumnyameni buvelisa i-luminescence kwiitoni ezibluish. Olu hlobo lwamakhowa I-veiny kakhulu kwaye ihlala ibhidaniswa kunye nezinye iindidi ezifana ne-Orange Chanterelle.

Igazi Rusula – Russula sanguinea

Ngokuphikisana negama layo, sijongene nohlobo lwekhowa elinetyhefu kodwa elingabulaliyo. Yabo iziphumo zidla ngokuchaphazela inkqubo yokwetyisa kwaye sikhatshwa ngu intlungu enzima kwindawo yesisu.

Ibhonethi – iGyromitra Esculenta

Enye yeenkowa eziye zavelisa eyona ngxaki malunga nokuba ifanelekile ukuba isetyenziswe okanye ayifanelekanga, kuba kukho iimeko apho abantu abathile abazange bakhathazeke ngayo, ngelixa abanye baye baxiliswa. Isiphumo esinobuthi sale mushroom ke ngoko asiqhelekanga, kwaye sinokubulala.

I-cappuccino eluhlaza - Amanita phalloides

Inokubulala ukuba ityhefu ayilungiswa kwangethuba.. Le khowa yaziwa ngokuphelisa ubomi buka-Emperor Claudius kunye noPope Clement VII. Iimeko zetyhefu ekusetyenzisweni kweli khowa zixhaphake kakhulu, kuba zinokubhidaniswa nolunye uhlobo olufana ne-Agaricus arvensis.

White Cappuccino – Amanita Verna

Iisampulu ezincinci azinavumba, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha zikhupha ivumba elibi. I Iimpembelelo ezibulalayo zolu hlobo lwamakhowa zifana ne-cap cap eluhlaza ebonwe ngasentla.

I-Coiled Paxillus-Paxillus Involutus

Kwangexesha elide, olu hlobo lwamakhowa luhlelwe njengento edliwayo, kodwa ngoku izinto zitshintshile. Le mushroom inokufikelela kubangela ityhefu enkulu ukuba ayiphekwanga ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo. Kukho abaninzi abacebisa ukuqokelela le mushroom.

IBleached Clitocybe-Clitocybe Dealbata

Inxalenye yesigqoko sale mushroom ayifiki kwi-5 centimeters ububanzi. Kweyakhe umxholo ophezulu we-muscarine, sithetha ngohlobo lwamakhowa anetyhefu.

Clitocybe Phyllophila

Inyama emhlophe kunye nentambo, abaninzi abathi ivumba njengomgubo omanzi. I-Clitocybe Phyllophila inetyhefu ephezulu.

I-Tricholoma Pardinum

Ngobukhulu obunokufikelela kwiisentimitha ezingama-20 ububanzi, kunye nenani elikhulu lenyama engwevu, sithetha ngayo. i-mushroom ngaphakathi kweqela elinetyhefu, elivelisa i-gastroenteritis enamandla.

Intaba iCortinarius – Cortinarius orellanus

Kule meko, ewe sithetha ngohlobo lwekhowa elibulalayo. Iimpawu zokunxila zinokuthatha phakathi kweeveki ezi-3 okanye ezi-4 ukuba zivele, ngelo xesha ityhefu ihlasela izintso kancinci kancinci, ibulale. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba olu hlobo lwe-mushroom lunqabile kakhulu ukubona.

Monguis – Psilocybe semilanceata

Enye ye imiphumo ephawulekayo yokusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwe-mushroom enetyhefu, yimpembelelo ye-hallucinogenic evelisa Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba le mushroom iqukethe i-psilocyna kunye ne-psilocybin, izinto ezimbini ezichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous central.

Umkhowa onenkohliso – Entoloma Sinuatum

Kanjalo ityhefu kakhulu ikhowa emhlophe, apho kwiimeko ezithile kunokudideka kunye ne-lepsia nebularis, kule meko i-mushroom edliwayo ngokupheleleyo.

Ubuxoki Galpierno – Amanita Pantherina

Ngobukhulu obuphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-10 yeesentimitha kunye nenyama emhlophe ekhupha ivumba leradish, olu hlobo ithathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu njengoko ibangela ityhefu eyingozi kakhulunokufikelela ekufeni.

Entoloma Nidorosum

Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zolu hlobo lwe-mushroom yiphunga layo elinamandla le-nitrous. Eli khowa linetyhefu livelisa gastroenteritis ngaphandle kokuba yingozi njengaleyo yangaphambili.

I-Lepiota ebulalayo - Lepiota brunneoincarnata

Kulula kakhulu ukudibanisa kunye nezinye iintlobo zamakhowa adliwayo, kodwa le nto inokubulala. Enye yeengcebiso ezinikwe ziingcali ekuvuneni amakhowa kukuba akukho ntlobo ye-lepiota encinci kune-8 cm ububanzi idliwe.

U-Amanita onukayo – Amanita Virosa

Ngomswakama, iba yi-viscous kunye nemozulu eyomileyo ithatha ukubonakala kwe-satin. Olu hlobo lwamakhowa lukhupha ivumba elibi ngoko ke igama layo. I Ukusetyenziswa kweli khowa kunokubangela ukufa ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obugqithisileyo.

Inoculated Inocybe – Inocybe Patouillardii

I-Pale, i-shiny, inyama kunye nesilika. Njengakwezinye iimeko, inetyhefu ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-muscaria. Ngamaxesha athile, kuye kwaba ngunobangela wokunxila okunobundlobongela, okubangela nokufa.

Clavaria – Ramaria Formosa

Inetyhefu kodwa ayibulali. Uphawu oluphambili ngenxa yetyhefu yile mushroom, ezinye urhudo olubi oluthatha malunga neentsuku ezimbini de iintsalela zayo zisuswe ngokupheleleyo.

Sele uyazi ngokubonga kolu luhlu, amakhowa anetyhefu akhoyo. Ukuba ungumqali ekuqokeleleni amakhowa, ukuthwala isikhokelo esincinci kuya kukunceda ukuba ungenzi iimpazamo kwaye uthintele ubuthi obunokwenzeka. Khumbula, ukuba nayiphi na intandabuzo encinci enokuthi ivele malunga naluphi na uhlobo lwe-mushroom, kungcono ukuba ungayichukumisi kwaye uyishiye endaweni yayo.