Ngaphandle kokusoloko kukhankanywa oothixo kunye namaqhawe awayengabadlali abaphambili kumabali ahlukeneyo entsomi yamaGrike, kukwakho Izidalwa zasentsomini zamaGrike ibiziingceba ezingundoqo kula mabali. Ngesi sizathu, siyakumema ukuba wazi ngokufutshane ukuba yayingoobani aba bantu basentsomini.
Izidalwa zasentsomini zamaGrike
Zininzi izidalwa zasentsomini zamaGrike ezikhankanywe kwiintsomi zaseGrisi yaMandulo. Nganye kwezi zidalwa zineenjongo zayo kwiintsomi kunye namabali, zibonakaliswe ngeempawu zazo, izakhono kunye namandla angaziwayo.
Uninzi lwaba bantu basentsomini bahlobene ngokusondeleyo noothixo kwaye basoloko bethunyelwa ngoothixo ukuba benze umsebenzi othile, njengokukhusela umntu, into ethile, okanye nje ngokuchasene nokothusa into okanye umntu. Abanye babo babenobundlobongela kuye wonke umntu, behlasela kwaye begrogrisa amazwe akufuphi, abanye babezibandakanya edabini kuphela xa umsebenzi wabo uthotyelwe, ngelixa abanye bengabantu abanoxolo, bahlala benxibelelana nabantu ngokubakhonza okanye ukubanceda. Ngezantsi kukho ezinye zazo:
Nymphs
Kwintsomi yamaGrike, iinymphs yayizizidalwa ezazikho kwindalo. Ngoko yayiyimimoya eyayincedisa ekubumbeni ubuhle obufumaneka kwindalo. Naphi na apho kwakukho ubuhle bendalo, kwakukho i-nymph eyayijongene nokubunjwa kobu buhle. Kwakhona banikela inkampani yoothixo abahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka: uDionysus, uHermes, uArtemis, uDemeter, noPoseidon bonke babenxulumene nabo.
Kukho iingcamango ezahlukahlukeneyo malunga nemvelaphi ye-nymphs. Kolunye uncwadi kubhekiselwa kuzo ngokuba ziintombi zikaZeyus, ngoxa ezinye iincwadi zisithi aphuma kuloo ndalo ayeyibumbile. Inye into esiqiniseke ngayo: AmaGrike amandulo ayeyixabisile yaye eyinqula indalo, yaye aba thixokazi bahle bancinane babephuma kwezo nkolelo.
Ekuphela kwenjongo yezi zidalwa zintle yayikukubumba nokukhusela indalo, ngoko xa enye yazo yahlala kwinxalenye ethile yaloo mmandla, yayijongene nokunyamekela le ndawo. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho amaqela e-nymphs kuhlobo ngalunye lweziganeko zendalo; Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwakukho amaqela amathathu asisiseko: i-nymphs yamanzi, i-world nymphs, kunye nemithi yomthi. Apho la maqela ngokulandelelana, ohlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
iinjawuni zamanzi
Njengoko igama layo libonisa, olu hlobo lwe-nymphs ludibaniswa nayo yonke into enxulumene namanzi (njengemilambo, imithombo, ulwandle, iingxangxasi kunye nokunye), phakathi kwazo:
- I-Acheloids yayiyi-nymphs yomlambo, ngokukodwa umlambo Ii-Acheloids.
- Iihydriads yayiliqela leendidi.
- Iinaiads yayiziinja zemithombo nemilambo.
- I-napaea yayiziinjabu ezikhuselayo ezintlanjeni.
- I-Nereids yayizii-nymphs ngokukodwa kuLwandle lweMeditera.
- I-Oceanids yayiziinja zolwandle ngokubanzi.
iinjawuni zasemhlabeni
Amahlathi, amahlathi, iintaba kunye naluphi na ulwandiso lomhlaba lukhuselwe ngolu hlobo lwee-nymphs, phakathi kwazo zivela:
- Ii<em>alseida kunye nee<em>leimonias yayiziinkumbi ezazihlala ematyholweni.
- Iidryads yayiziintsana zehlathi.
- I-Oreads yayiziinja zeentaba.
izinambuzane zomthi
Izinambuzane zaziwamkela imithi ngendlela efanayo nekhaya lazo. Ngesi sizathu, bafumene ingqwalasela kunye nokukhathalelwa kwezi zidalwa ezivela kwiintsomi zamaGrike, phakathi kwazo:
- IiHamadryads yayiziinkumbi ezazikhusela imithi.
- I-Meliaceae yayiziintsana zomgcini wemithi yothuthu.
Kwintsomi yamaGrike aba babefanekiselwa njengabantu abaselula kakhulu abaneenwele ezinde, ababedla ngokunxiba iimpahla ezixengayo kakhulu njengempahla. Ukongeza, babenamandla okutshintsha imilo ukuze badibanise neendawo zabo ezingqongileyo. Iinkunzi zezilwanyana zenymphs zaziyi-satyrs, iipani, i-potamoi kunye ne-newts.
gorgons
Uninzi lwethu luyalazi ibali elibi likaMedusa, iGorgon eyayinojongo olubulalayo kunye namarhamba abulalayo endaweni yokuba abe mane. I-Medusa yaqala njengentombazana ekhonza uAthena, owathi ngaphambi kokuba ajeziswe nguthixokazi, wayenobuhle obuhle.
Ke emva kokuba uMedusa engasenako ukukhonza kwitempile ka-Athena njengombingelelikazi emva kokudibana kwakhe nothixo uPoseidon, uAthena wamqalekisa kwiGorgon eyoyikekayo nembi, kodwa waba yedwa kwisiqithi esikude apho uMedusa wachitha khona ixesha lakhe. ukuthakazelelwa kukusukelwa ngamadoda awayebuxabisa ubuhle bakhe.
Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho ezinye iiGorgons ezimbini kweli bali kwaye nangona ibali likaMedusa lidume kakhulu, akuyena yedwa. Nangona amabali kaGorgon ahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubani abaxelelayo, umxholo oqhelekileyo kukuba kwakukho oodade abathathu bakaGorgon. I-Medusa njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla (owayengumntu ofayo), u-Esteno no-Euríale (ababengenakufa kwaye abazange banandiphe ubabalo lobuhle bomzimba bodade wabo uMedusa); bobathathu yayizintombi zikaPhorcys kunye nosisi wakhe uCeto.
Kumabali abandakanya aba dade bathathu, bonke babenenkangeleko efanayo beneenyoka ezinobuhlungu endaweni yeenwele nenkangeleko embi yasemzimbeni apho bambi bongeza amazinyo neenzipho kwezi. Ngoku njengebali eliyintsomi, ukuphela kweMedusa kwenzeka xa uPerseus ekugqibeleni ephelisa ubomi bakhe obubuhlungu ngokunqumla intloko yakhe, kwaye apho iGorgons Esteno kunye no-Euríale baxosha uPerseus osemncinci malunga nesiqithi ukuba ajezise ngokubulala iMedusa.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akwenzeki uPerseus ubaleka kwaye oodade ababini baseGorgon babandezeleka ubomi bokuhamba kweMedusa kunye nesiqalekiso sobungendawo obumangalisayo obukwezi zidalwa zamaGrike ezingafiyo.
Iibhokhwe
Nangona abantu abaninzi bekholelwa ukuba "iiCyclops" yayingumntu ongatshatanga, oku akunjalo ngokwenene. IiCyclopes yayiluhlanga lonke lwezigebenga, izidalwa ezineliso elinye ezazinendima ebalulekileyo kwiintsomi zamaGrike kwiingxelo zayo ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kumthombo. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani owayethetha ngabo, ngokuqhelekileyo inkangeleko yabo yayingatshintshi, kodwa ngamabali awayequka bona.
Kumabali amaninzi, ugqatso lweCyclops lwaboniswa njengezilo ezoyikisayo ezazidla ngokutya abantu. Amanye amabali ayebanxulumanisa noHephaestus, uthixo wabakhandi bentsimbi owayenendawo yokusebenzela embindini weNtaba i-Etna; kule meko, zaziwa njengabasebenzi abancedisa uHephaestus kwi-forge yakhe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba oku kwakunokukhokelela kwinkolelo yokuba iiCyclops zineliso elinye, nanjengoko abakhandi bentsimbi babedla ngokufaka i-eyepatch ukukhusela iliso ukuba lingonakaliswe bubushushu bomlilo xa besebenza efodini.
Kwamanye amabali, iiCyclopes zoyiswa yiOdysseus. Kwamanye, bavalelwa entolongweni nguChronos, umlawuli weTitans. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba onke la mabali amele iiCyclops kuba zonke zenzeka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
Ke uHesiod (imbongi yamandulo yamaGrike) unoxanduva lokubhala malunga nento eninzi esiyaziyo ngogqatso lweCyclops. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Theogenia, uthi kwakukho iiCyclopes ezintathu ezibizwa ngokuba nguBrontes, uSteropes, noArges, ekuthiwa ngabantwana bothixo nothixokazi wamandulo, u-Uranus noGaia. Ngenxa yobudlelwane babo no-Uranus noGaia, oko kuthetha ukuba babehlobene noothixo noothixokazi baseOlympian.
Ukwabacekisa ngokuba “ziingxilimbela” eneliso elinye, ebekwe embindini wamabunzi abo, ekwachaza nokuba kwakungemnandanga ukuba kufutshane yaye babesoloko beguquguquka, benomsindo, yaye belusizi ngokubanzi. Kwaye nokuba bomelele ngokwasemzimbeni. UHesiod ukhankanye ukuba emva kokuba uCronus oyise i-Ouranos, waphosa iiCyclopes entolongweni kuba wayesoyika indlela ezazinamandla ngayo.
Nangona kunjalo, u-Euripides (imbongi yamandulo yamaGrike) wabeka enye into kwibali leCyclops. Kwincwadi yakhe, u-Alcestis ukhankanya ukuba uthixo womculo uApollo wabulala iiCyclops ukuze aphindezele ukufa kuka-Asclepius, iqhawe lamandulo lamaGrike ekuthiwa labulawa nguZeus. Kwinguqulelo kaEuripides, iCyclopes yayizizidalwa ezadala iindudumo zikaZeus. Eqhubeka nebali, uApollo wabulala iiCyclopes ngokufaka ikrele emehlweni abo.
Nangona oku kwakungabandakanywanga kumdlalo, ezinye iinguqulelo zeli bali elithile zibonisa ukuba uZeus kamva wavuselela zombini i-Asclepius kunye neCyclops ngokubanika ukuxolelwa, okubavumela ukuba bahambe phantsi kwe-Underworld. Oku kwakunqabile ngandlel’ ithile njengoko iHadesi ayizange ivumele nabani na ukuba alishiye ihlabathi elingaphantsi komhlaba.
Centaur
I-Centaurs, edla ngokuboniswa njengentloko kunye nomzimba womntu onomzimba kunye nemilenze yehashe, yayidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiingxelo zamandulo zamaGrike. Ngoko kwakuqhelekile ukuzibona rhoqo kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamaGrike, izinto ezenziwe ngodongwe kunye nezinye izihombiso. Ezi zidalwa zasentsomini zamaGrike zazimela ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo abantu ababenabo kunye nezilwanyana kunye nokungavisisani phakathi kwempucuko nebarbarism.
Ngaphandle kokubonakala kwabo rhoqo kwiifolktales, akukho mvelaphi icacileyo yenkolelo ye-centaur ngaphakathi kwesithethe samaGrike, kodwa elona bali lidumileyo ligxininisa ukuba ezi zidalwa ziyimveliso kaCentaur, inzala ka-Ixion kunye nenkohliso kaHera, umfazi kaZeus. . Ngokutsho kwentsomi, u-Ixion wakhohliswa nguZeus ukuba enze uthando ngelifu elathatha imo yeHera, ngenxa yeso senzo u-Centaur waphuma efini, i-centaur yokuqala eyaziwayo kwiintsomi.
Noko ke, ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba intsomi ethi centaur isuka kwindlela amaGrike awasabela ngayo xa wayekhwele amahashe. Aba nothwal’ impahlana mhlawumbi bebeya kubonakala njengesiqingatha sendoda nesiqingatha sehashe kumntu wangaphandle. UPindar ngumbhali wokuqala ongumGrike ukubhekisa kwicentaur, ubhala ngayo njengezilo ezidibeneyo. Ababhali kunye neentanda-bulumko kuyo yonke imbali yamaGrike baya kuqhubeka nokupeyinta i-centaurs njengengaphucukanga kwaye ifana nezilwanyana, ibali eliya kuba nzima ngakumbi kwimbali.
AmaGrike amandulo ayenamabali amaninzi malunga nama-centaurs, enye yezona zinto ziphawulekayo yi-centaur Chiron, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumgcini wothixo weyeza. Ngokutsho kwentsomi, uChiron wayesebenza njengomfundisi kuzo zombini iHercules kunye ne-Achilles. Uhlala eboniswa ephethe isebe phezu kwegxalaba kunye neenwele ezincinci zehashe emzimbeni wakhe, inkcazo yakhe ibonisa ukuba wayebonwa njenge-centaur ephucukileyo ngelixa ezinye iicentaurs ziboniswa njengeempawu zezilwanyana kunye nokungakwazi ukuziqhelanisa noluntu. umntu.
Namhlanje, ezi zidalwa zasentsomini zamaGrike ziyaqhubeka nokuvela kuncwadi nakwiimuvi ngokubanzi ezisekelwe kwimbali yamandulo yamaGrike. Ngelixa ezi zidalwa ezixubileyo ngaphambili bezisebenza njengophawu lokusondelelana komntu nobundlobongela, namhlanje zihlala zibonakaliswa njengezidalwa ezilumkileyo nezibekekileyo.
Umzekelo, iicentaurs ezikwi-CS Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia zinesiphiwo sokuxela amathamsanqa kunye nabajongi beenkwenkwezi. Ukongeza, uthotho lukaJK Rowling lukaHarry Potter lukwabonisa iisenti njengabaphili abanobuchule kunye nabavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga neGrike Mythological Beings linomdla, siyakumema ukuba wonwabele ezi ezinye: