Kule post siza kuthetha ngayo amahlathi afumileyo, eludidi olukhethekileyo lwe-ecosystem eneentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana kunye neentyatyambo, ezinezinto zazo ezikhethekileyo, ezikwavunywa ngokuba nemozulu eshushu nenemvula, nokuba liliphi ixesha lonyaka.
amahlathi afumileyo
Phakathi iintlobo zehlathi, amahlathi afumileyo ahlala ngaphantsi kwe-7% yomhlaba, kodwa malunga nesibini kwisithathu sazo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo zihlala kuwo, ezibandakanya izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezaziwa lihlabathi.
La mahlathi ahlala kwiindawo ezikufutshane ne-ikhweyitha kunye neendawo ezitshisayo, ngoko ke zikhona kumazwekazi afana noMzantsi Melika, iAfrika kunye neziqithi zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Injalo imeko yaseCongo eAfrika; ihlathi elifumileyo laseMexico, ihlathi elifumileyo laseNew Guinea.
imozulu yehlathi elifumileyo
Imozulu yamahlathi afumileyo ishushu kwaye inomswakama, nto leyo eyenza ukuba izityalo zikhule kakhulu, kungekhona nje ngobukhulu, kodwa nakwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Iimvula zolu hlobo lwehlathi azitshintshi, unyaka wonke kwaye zifikelela kuma-2000 mm ngonyaka. Amaqondo obushushu kolu hlobo lwebhayome akholisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-18° C kwaye anotshintsho oluncinane. Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi konyaka aphakathi kwe 25°C kunye ne 27°C.
Ezi meko zenza amahlathi afumileyo abe yinkqubo yendalo enexesha elinye unyaka wonke. Ngokwesiqhelo, umhlaba wawo awunazondlo, kuba iimvula ziwakhukulisa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-ferralitization.
I-strata yehlathi elifumileyo
Ngaphakathi kumahlathi afumileyo kukho izifuba ezahlukeneyo okanye iileya ezenziwe ntlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ezinobude obahlukeneyo, obuyinxalenye yezityalo. Iindidi zeZityalo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Phakathi kwazo sinokufumana:
- Eyenziwe ngumngundo, ibhaktheriya kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezikhutshwe zizilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Idla ngokuba mnyama ngombala, kuba ayikufumani kukhanya kwelanga, kwaye ifume kakhulu. Kukho indawo apho izilwanyana ezanyisayo neempuku zihlala khona kwaye siya kufumana iingcambu zezityalo nemithi.
- Kulo maleko kulapho siya kufumana amatyholo, imithi yeentlobo ezincinci kunye nemithi emincinci yeentlobo ezinkulu. Ikwayindawo ezihlala kuyo iintaka neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinambuzane. Ikwayindawo emnyama, kodwa apho imitha yelanga ingena khona, okwenza ukuba izityalo zikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi we-photosynthesis.
- Yindawo apho kufumaneka khona incopho yemithi emininzi yasehlathini nalapho kuhlala iindidi ngeendidi zeentaka nezilwanyana ezanyisayo.
- Ngaphezulu kwecanopy okanye indawo evelayo. Yenziwe yimithi emide kumahlathi afumileyo, Inokukhula ukuya kwi-60 yeemitha.
ihlathi lezityalo
Njengoko sele sibonisile, amahlathi afumileyo ahlulwe abe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo okanye ama-strata phakathi kwezilwanyana kunye nezityalo zabo ezisasazwayo. Eyona mithi mikhulu ikhwela ikhangela ukukhanya kwelanga, ngoko ke kuqhelekile ukuba izikhondo zazo zibe nde kakhulu kwaye zithe tye. Ukwahlukana okukhulu kwemithi kunye nezityalo zamahlathi afumileyo zigcina amagqabi azo unyaka wonke, yiyo loo nto ihlathi eliphezulu elihlala liluhlaza. Kumahlathi afumileyo ungafumana imithi efana nomsedare obomvu, i-ceiba okanye i-mahogany exabiswa kakhulu.
Kwisithuba esingezantsi ukuba mkhulu uhlaza lwasehlathini, kulapho ii<em>bromeliad, ii<em>liana, ii<em>lichens, ubulembu, ubulembu, ii<em>fern nee<em>orchids zikhula khona. Unokufumana imithi emincinci, efana ne-cork, i-rubberwood, i-soursop, i-cocoa rose okanye i-cocoa ngokwayo.
Izilwanyana zamahlathi afumileyo
Ngenxa yokutyeba kwayo kwiintyatyambo kunye neemeko zemozulu, izilwanyana zamahlathi afumileyo nazo zichulumancile kwaye ziyahlukahlukana kwaye zifumaneka kuzo zonke iileya ezenza ihlathi. Ukwahlukana okukhulu kunye nesethi yezilwanyana kugxininiswe phakathi kweklasi ye-invertebrates, njengeebhungane, izigcawu, iimbungu, iimbovane kunye nezinambuzane.
Kule ecosystem yamahlathi afumileyo unokufumana abahlali bezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezifana neraccoon, i-anteater kunye nenkawu; iintaka, phakathi kwazo kunokwenzeka ukugqamisa i-parakeet eluhlaza, i-toucan yasebukhosini okanye ukhozi olulodwa; kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo ezibanzi zezirhubuluzi kunye nezilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini ezifana ne-salamanders, amasele kunye nee-boa constrictors.
Imizekelo yeentyatyambo zamahlathi afumileyo
Phakathi kweentlobo zezityalo ezihlala kuyo amahlathi afumileyo, sinokufumana oku kulandelayo: ibhanana, imisedare, i-mamey, i-bromeliad, i-ferns, i-orchids, ikhofi, i-heliconia, i-oil palm, i-mahogany, i-jasmine, i-passionflower, i-rubber, i-lianas okanye izityalo ze-pitcher.
Imizekelo yezilwanyana zamahlathi afumileyo
Ngokuphathelele iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinendawo yazo kolu hlobo lwe-ecosystem, sinokufumana: isikhova, i-mamba, ilulwane, ingwenya, i-spider monkey, i-anteaters, i-iguana, i-jungle morrocoy, i-python, i-jaguar, i-tsetse fly, i-furry frog, i-parrot, ingcongconi. kunye neentubi.
Njengoko sele sitshilo, i ihlathi kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana ziphi Iimpawu ze-Ecosystem buninzi, kodwa bukwakwi-balance balance, ngenxa yemisebenzi kunye nezenzo zokuxhaphaza abantu ngokurhweba, eziye zabeka emngciphekweni uninzi lwezi zilwanyana esizikhankanyileyo.
