Funda kulo lonke eli nqaku, njenge ukhuseleko lwe-cyber iye yaba ngumqolo wetekhnoloji weenkqubo zekhompyuter kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ukhuseleko lwehlabathi le-cyber
Ukhuseleko lweCyber: Ukukhusela ulwazi
Ukhuseleko lwekhompyuter, ukhuseleko lwe-cyber okanye ngokulula ukhuseleko lwe-cyber, lubandakanya ukukhuselwa kwedatha kunye neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza kwetekhnoloji efana neekhompyuter, iiselfowuni okanye okubizwa ngokuba ngamafu.
Ngokubanzi, i-cybersecurity inoxanduva lokukhusela ulwazi olubalulekileyo (isoftware, iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter, iifayile, njl.njl.) eziqulethwe kwinkqubo yekhompyuter, ukusuka ekuhlaselweni kwe-malware eyonakalisa iinkqubo kunye nabasebenzisi.
Iyahluka "kukhuseleko lolwazi" kuba igxile kwidatha egcinwe kwimidiya yekhompyuter, ngelixa, ukuthetha ngokhuseleko lolwazi, kufuneka sibhekiselele kubumfihlo bomntu ngamnye.
Ukunciphisa umngcipheko kwiziseko ezingundoqo zekhompyutha okanye ulwazi, ukhuseleko lwe-cyber luvumela ukuseka izikhokelo ezifana nezithintelo okanye iiprothokholi, ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwazo.
Injongo ephambili yale teknoloji kukukhusela iziseko zekhompyutha, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo kunye nokulindela nayiphi na into eyenzekayo (ukusilela, ukuphuma kombane, ukutshatyalaliswa, phakathi kwezinye) ezichaphazela iinkqubo zekhompyutha.
Ukukhuselwa kweziseko ezingundoqo, kwakhona, kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bayisebenzise ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kobuthathaka kulwazi olusetyenzisiweyo, olubonakala njengento ephambili yokhuseleko lwe-cyber.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda malunga nelifu kunye nendlela yokukhusela, yiya kwikhonkco elilandelayo kwaye ube yingcali: Ukhuseleko efini Yintoni na?Isebenza njani? Kunye nokuninzi.
Iinkqubo
Imiba yomngcipheko echaphazela idatha ayiveli kuphela kumsebenzi wesixhobo okanye iinkqubo abazilawulayo.
Kukho ezinye izoyikiso ezingaphaya kwekhompyuter, ezinye azinakubonwa kwangaphambili. Kwezi meko, ukucwangciswa kothungelwano lwekhompyuter apho kwabelwana ngolwazi lolona khetho lokhuseleko.
Iimbangela zezoyikiso
Abasebenzisi
Zingoyena nobangela weziphoso zokhuseleko ezenzeka kwizixhobo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba nezigunyaziso ezingafanelekanga ezingathinteli izenzo kwimisebenzi apho abasebenzisi abafanele ukuthatha inxaxheba.
iinkqubo eziyingozi
Ezi fayile ziphuhliswa ngenjongo yokufaka iikhomputha ngokungekho mthethweni, ngaphandle kwemvume yomsebenzisi okanye umbutho, ukufikelela kulwazi olugciniweyo kunye nokuguqula.
Iiprogram ezinobungozi zibizwa ngokuba yi-malware, eyona nto iyaziwa kakhulu yile: isofthiwe okanye i-virus yekhompyutha, ibhomu enengqondo, i-Trojans, i-spyware, phakathi kwabanye.
iimpazamo zokucwangcisa
Iimpazamo zeprogram zivela ekusetyenzisweni kweenkqubo ngabantu abajongene nokuphulwa kweenkqubo zokhuseleko, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-crackers.
Njengenjongo ephambili, ii-crackers zifumana iikhompyuter ukuba ziziphathe ngendlela abafuna ngayo, zonakalise isixhobo kunye nabasebenzisi.
Ngamanye amaxesha, iinkqubo zineziphene ezivela ngexesha lokwenziwa kwazo, oku kubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwezixhobo. Ukuthintela oku kusilela, iinkampani zikhulula uhlaziyo lweenkqubo zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwezicelo kumaxesha ngamaxesha.
abangeneleli
Bangabantu abazinikele ekuphuleni ukhuseleko lweenkqubo zekhompyutheni, ukulawula ukufikelela kulwazi olugciniweyo ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa. Abona baziwa kakhulu ngabaduni kunye neecrackers.
Kwelinye icala, ubunjineli bezentlalo busetyenziswa ngabantu abathi, nge-Intanethi okanye ngeeselfowuni, baqhathe abasebenzisi ukuba babonelele ngedatha efunekayo ukuze bafikelele kulwazi lwabo oluyimfihlo.
Amabango
Ingozi sisiganeko esinethamsanqa esibangela ilahleko eyinxenye okanye iyonke yedatha egcinwe kwizixhobo zokugcina kwaye igadwe yi-cybersecurity.
Abasebenzi bobugcisa
Xa sithetha ngabasebenzi bezobugcisa, sithetha abantu abasebenza ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwe-cyber kwiikhompyuter. Abasebenzi bezobuchwephesha banokonakalisa inkqubo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, ukungavumelani kwezabasebenzi, ubuntlola okanye ukugxothwa.
Iindidi zezisongelo
Nangona izoyikiso zinokudityaniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, okwangoku kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zohlaselo: ngokwemvelaphi, ngokwesiphumo, ngeendlela ezisetyenziswayo.
Izoyikiso ezivela kwimvelaphi
Ngokutsho kweComputer Security Institute (CSI), phakathi kwe-60 kunye ne-80% yokuhlaselwa kwezixhobo zokugcina zivela ngaphakathi, oko kukuthi, ngokwabo.
Izoyikiso zangaphakathi zenza ingozi enkulu kuba zinokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwidatha ekhomba iindawo zolwazi olubalulekileyo lombutho, njengeeprojekthi zawo ezizayo.
Kule ngasentla, kufuneka songeze into yokuba iinkqubo zokuthintela ukungena azenzelwanga ukuphendula kwizoyikiso zangaphakathi kodwa zangaphandle.
Izisongelo zangaphandle zenzeka xa umhlaseli ethatha isigqibo sokuguqula indlela inethiwekhi esebenza ngayo ukuze afumane kwaye ebe idatha. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka xa kusekwa uxhulumaniso lwenkqubo yangaphandle.
Izoyikiso ngenxa yesiphumo
Sibiza izoyikiso ngesiphumo, ezo zibekwe ngokwamaqela ngokwenqanaba lokuwohloka okanye umonakalo owenziwe kwinkqubo. Ubusela okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kolwazi, ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kwenkqubo okanye ubuqhophololo yimizekelo yolu hlobo lohlaselo.
Izoyikiso ngendlela esetyenziswayo
Singazihlela izoyikiso ngokwendlela umhlaseli azivelisa ngayo. Kolu didi sibeka i-malware, Phishing (ubuchule obufuna ukuqhatha abasebenzisi), ubunjineli bentlalontle kunye nokwaliwa kohlaselo lwenkonzo.
Usongelo lwekhompyuter kwikamva
Kule mihla, indaleko yetekhnoloji ivumele uphuhliso olubanzi lwewebhu ye-semantic, ngaloo ndlela ivusa umdla wabahlaseli be-cyber.
NgeWeb 3.0, izixhobo ziye zakwazi ukuqonda intsingiselo yamaphepha eWebhu, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa njengendlela yokuphucula ukufunyanwa kolwazi.
Kungenxa yokuba bekutshiwo ngasentla ukuba abahlaseli bale mihla bagxile kwimizamo yabo yokuguqula umxholo obonakalayo. Ukunqanda olu hlaselo, kunqanda ukukhuphela izinamathiselo ezikrokrisayo, usebenzisa iikhompyuter ezithembekileyo, njl.
Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko
Ucazululo lomngcipheko lubandakanya ngokuqhubekayo ukuqinisekiswa kweenkqubo zekhompyuter kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba zinolawulo oluyimfuneko ukuchonga ubuthathaka.
Ukongezelela, uhlalutyo lomngcipheko lubandakanya ukubalwa kwamathuba okuba isongelo siya kubonakala, kunye nempembelelo eya kuyenza kwinkqubo.
Ngokufanelekileyo, ulawulo olukhethiweyo ukujongana nemingcipheko kufuneka lusebenze kunye ukuxhasa ukhuseleko lwedatha.
Imingcipheko echongiweyo, izibalo, ulawulo oluphunyeziweyo kunye neziphumo zirekhodwa kuxwebhu olubizwa ngokuba yiRisk Matrix, evumela ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo elandelwayo ukuphelisa isoyikiso.
Uhlalutyo lwempembelelo yeshishini
Ibandakanya ukumisela ixabiso lenkqubo nganye kunye nolwazi oluqulethwe kuyo. La maxabiso abelwa ngokuxhomekeke kwimpembelelo amaqela anayo kwishishini.
Amaxabiso ngala: ubumfihlo, imfezeko kunye nokufumaneka. Inkqubo kufuneka ibe nexabiso elinye eliphantsi (umzekelo, ingqibelelo ephantsi) kunye nezinye ezimbini eziphezulu (imfihlo ephezulu kunye nokufumaneka) okanye zonke ezithathu eziphezulu ukuze zithathwe njengezithembekileyo.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko
Imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko ilawula amalungelo abasebenzisi kunye neenkampani zokufikelela kulwazi, ukongeza ekusekeni iindlela zolawulo eziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwale migaqo-nkqubo yimibutho.
Imibutho kufuneka ibe nemigangatho elawula iinkonzo zayo. Kwakhona, bayacetyiswa ukuba babe nezicwangciso eziphuhliswe kakuhle zokusabela kwangethuba kuso nasiphi na isoyikiso.
Ukuphuhlisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko, sifuna abalawuli be-IT, kuba ngabo abayaziyo inkqubo ngokunzulu kwaye baseke unxibelelwano phakathi kwabaphathi kunye nabasebenzi.
Iindlela zokhuseleko lweCyber
Sebenzisa iipassword ezinzima, ukubeka iliso kwinethiwekhi, ukufihla ulwazi, zezinye zezenzo ezicetyiswayo zokukhusela ulwazi.
Kubalulekile ukuba iimvume zofikelelo lwedatha zilinganiselwe ngaphakathi kwintlangano, kunye nokuthintelwa kofikelelo olunjalo kulwazi abasebenzisi abangafanele baluphathe.
Ugcino
Ibandakanya ukukopa ulwazi lwentsusa olukwisixhobo sekhompyutha esiza kusetyenziswa xa sonakaliswa sisiganeko esithile.
I-backup kufuneka ihlale kwaye ikhuseleke, ivumela ukukhuselwa kolwazi kwiinkqubo ngaphandle kwaleyo ibamba idatha yokuqala.
Imibutho eyenza ukhuseleko lwe-cyber inokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-intanethi, isofthiwe okanye izixhobo zokugcina zangaphandle ezifana ne-USBs ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweziseko zabo zekhompyutha.
ubugcisa bokukhusela
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, i-malware yisoftware enobungozi eyenza ngabom umonakalo kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter.
Iintsholongwane ezingenisa izixhobo zenziwa ngokuvula inkqubo eyonakeleyo, iiTrojani zivumela ulawulo olukude lwekhompyuter, ibhombu enengqondo isebenza xa iimeko ezithile zihlangatyezwa, kwaye ispyware sisasaza ulwazi olubuthathaka.
Ukuthintela iikhomputha ukuba zingonakaliswe yile khowudi ekhohlakeleyo, imibutho isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhuselayo be-malware.
Kule mihla, kunqabile kakhulu ukufumana iikhompyuter ezingenayo i-antivirus, impumelelo yazo isekukwazini kwabo ukubona kunye nokuphelisa iintsholongwane kuphela kodwa kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-malware.
Enye indlela yokugcina izixhobo zethu kukubeka iliso rhoqo kwisoftware efakiweyo, kunye nolawulo lokufikelela kwiwebhu.
Ukuba ujonge ukwenza iseva yewebhu kwaye ufuna ukuyikhusela, kufuneka kuqala ukhethe eyona ifanelekileyo kulo msebenzi uwufunayo, cofa kwikhonkco elilandelayo kwaye ufumane zonke ezi nkcukacha: Iimpawu zeseva yewebhu: iintlobo, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Ukhuseleko lomzimba lweenkqubo zekhompyuter
Ukhuseleko olubonakalayo lothungelwano lubhekiselele kwizithintelo eziphuhliswayo ukuze kuthintelwe izoyikiso kwimithombo yenkqubo ebalulekileyo kunye nedatha.
Ngokubanzi, iinkampani zijolise ekuthinteleni ukuhlaselwa okubangelwa yinkqubo okanye imidiya ebonakalayo, ukushiya ukhuseleko lomzimba wezixhobo zabo.
Umhlaseli unokuthatha inzuzo yobuthathaka ekukhuseleni ngokomzimba ukungena kwindawo ngokuthe ngqo kwaye akhuphe ulwazi okanye isixhobo abasifunayo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kungekhona abantu kuphela abanokubangela umonakalo emzimbeni. Imililo, iinyikima okanye izikhukula yimizekelo yezinto ezibeka esichengeni iinkqubo ngokwasemzimbeni.
Enye inketho yokulawula ukuba ngubani onokufikelela kwiikhompyuter kukubeka umfundi wekhadi elihlakaniphile eliqhagamshelwe kwisistim equlethe ulwazi lokuvumela okanye ukungavumeli umsebenzisi ukuba angene kwiingcango zamagumbi okanye iiofisi.
Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa isifundi sekhadi, ukufumana unogada ohlala kuloo ndawo kunokubonelela ngomsebenzi kanogada.
Iinkqubo ze-alam ziphuhlisiwe ukuze zilumkise xa kubusela, kukho neenkqubo zala maxesha ezinxibelelana namapolisa ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kubhaqwe isiganeko.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiziganeko zendalo, yonke intlangano kufuneka ibe neenkqubo zokucima umlilo kunye nezixhobo zokucima umlilo ezivumela ukuba ziphendule ngexesha xa kwenzeka umlilo.
Iinkampani zinoxanduva lokubonelela abasebenzi babo, kubandakanywa nabo bakwindawo ye-IT, uqeqesho lokhuseleko loluntu. Ubuncinci umntu omnye okanye ababini kwiyunithi nganye kufuneka babe nolwazi olusisiseko oluyimfuneko ukujongana namabango.
Ukucoca okanye ukucinywa
Ucoceko yinkqubo enengqiqo yokucima ulwazi oluyimfihlo, ukuze lungakwazi ukufunyanwa kwakhona.
Njengenkqubo yomzimba, yenzelwe ukutshatyalaliswa kweenkxaso okanye izixhobo, ukuphelisa ngokusisigxina idatha egciniweyo.
Kwimeko apho ulwazi oluza kupheliswa lufunyenwe kwiphepha, ukukhutshwa kuqhutyelwa ngokutshisa okanye ukuhlukana.
hardware ethembekileyo
Sibiza ihardware, nasiphi na isixhobo somzimba esiyinxalenye yesakhiwo seekhompyuter. I-hardware ethembekileyo yinto ekwazi ukuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kolwazi olunelungelo ngokukhuselekileyo.
I-Hardware inokuhlaselwa ngokuthe ngqo, oko kukuthi, ngokuchaphazela kunye nokuxhaphaza isakhiwo sayo somzimba okanye izinto zangaphakathi. Ngokufanayo, zingonakaliswa ngokungangqalanga ngemijelo efihlakeleyo.
Ukuze ihardware ithembeke ngokwenene, isoftware kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo. Okwangoku, ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukuxhathisa ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba kunye nokufumanisa ukuguqulwa okungagunyaziswanga.
I-Cybersecurity: Ukuqokelelwa kolwazi
Ukuqokelelwa kolwazi luyimfuneko ekuhleleni nasekuhlalutyweni kwedatha efanelekileyo. Kukho iisistim ezinikezelwe ngokukodwa kuphononongo lolwazi kunye neenkqubo eziluqulathileyo.
Eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yoLawulo loLwazi, ejongene nokugcinwa kwexesha elide, iququzelela unxibelelwano lwedatha esetyenzisiweyo.
Inkqubo yesibini yinkqubo yoLawulo lweMisitho, ejongene nokubeka iliso kunye nokwazisa okwangoku, iimeko ezinokuvela.
Ekugqibeleni, sifumana inkqubo yolawulo lolwazi kunye neziganeko, indibaniselwano yezi nkqubo zimbini zikhankanywe ngasentla.
Imibutho esemthethweni
Mekhsikho
EMexico, baneqela leengcali zendawo ye-IT, ebonakaliswe ngokunika impendulo ngokukhawuleza kwiisongelo okanye ukuhlaselwa kwenkqubo yokhuseleko. Iqela laziwa njenge-UNAM-CERT.
European Union
Yasungulwa nge-11 kaJanuwari 2013, i-European Cybercrime Centre (EC3) esekelwe eHague, ngumbutho we-cybersecurity odibanisa imikhosi yamapolisa kulo lonke elaseYurophu ukuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho kwi-cyber.
España
Iziko leSizwe loKhuseleko lweCybersecurity (INCIBE), elikwiSebe leMicimbi yezoQoqosho kunye noTshintsho lweDijithali, ngoyena mntu uphambili ophethe i-cybersecurity.
Iziko licebisa iinkampani zikarhulumente kunye nezizimeleyo, kunye nolawulo loluntu lwaseSpain. Bakwanikezela ngeenkonzo zabo kumaziko emfundo nophando kunye nabemi babucala.
Alemania
NgoFebruwari 2011, iSebe lezangaphakathi laseJamani lagqiba ekubeni lisungule iZiko leSizwe loKhuseleko lweCyber , ngenjongo yokuphucula umdla waseJamani ekubhekiselwe kuwo kwindawo ebonakalayo.
Eli ziko lifuna ukuthintela kunye nokuphelisa izoyikiso zekhompyutha ngokuchasene neziseko zalo zasekuhlaleni, ezifana neenkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi okanye zombane.
EUnited States
I-Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) idweliswe njengequmrhu elijongene nokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity lweenkqubo zase-United States.
Ngo-Matshi 2015, i-Senate yavuma uMthetho woLwazi lwe-Cyber Security Information, ophuhliswe ngenjongo yokuhlaziya nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwe-cyber, ngokugqithiselwa kolwazi phakathi kukarhulumente kunye neenkampani ze-IT.
Lo mthetho uvumela ii-arhente ze-federal ukufikelela kwidatha yesongelo kwiinkampani ezinkulu nezincinci. Ngokumiselwa kwalo mthetho, kwimeko yokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber, iinkampani kufuneka zinike ulwazi lomntu siqu kwii-arhente zikarhulumente.
Umthetho oyilwayo omtsha, i-Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities Identification Act and Notification Act, isandula ukufikelela kwi-Senate ngenjongo yokwazisa amagatya amatsha ahambelana nokhuseleko lonxibelelwano.
Ngalo mthetho uyilwayo wamva nje, i-CISA iza kufumana imvume yokufikelela kulwazi ngeziseko ezingundoqo zesizwe, nje ukuba isoyikiso sichongwe.
Amathuba omsebenzi wokhuseleko lweCyber
Ngenxa yokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji, imfuno yamathuba omsebenzi anxulumene necandelo le-cybersecurity iyanda ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Kukho abantu abaninzi abanomdla wokugxila ekukhuseleni ulwazi oluqulethwe kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ezihlaselayo okanye izisongelo ezihlala zizama ukwaphula.
Amanye awona mathuba axhaphakileyo emisebenzi ye-cybersecurity ngala:
Abalawuli bokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi
- Abalawuli benkqubo yokhuseleko
- abayili bezokhuseleko
- Abacebisi bokhuseleko kunye nohlalutyo lomngcipheko
- Iingcali zokhuseleko lolwazi
- Isixhobo se-Cybersecurity kunye neenjineli zolawulo
- Iingcali zokhuseleko lwekhompyuter
- Iingcali zeCybersecurity
Ingcali enobuchule kufuneka iphathe ulwimi lwekhompyuter ngokugqibeleleyo, kwakhona, kubalulekile ukuba babe namandla okuphuhlisa iindlela okanye izicwangciso zokuthintela okunokwenzeka.
