Funda kweli nqaku yonke into enxulumene ne RedwoodUmthi onomdla kakhulu, ophakathi kweempawu zawo ezimangalisayo kubude bawo kunye nokuphakama kwawo okukhulu, ungayeki ukufunda ngalo mthi unomdla kwaye ufunde de kube sekupheleni, ngoko uya kuyazi indlela yokuwubona ngokulula xa ubona enye yazo. idolophu yakho.
umthi sequoia
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwintshayelelo, eyona nto imangalisayo ngalo mthi ubukhulu bayo, yenye ye imithi emikhulu ekhoyo, kuba ngokumangalisayo inokufikelela kwi-115 yeemitha, ngokunjalo kuyafuneka ukuba iqaqambise iminyaka elindelekileyo yokuphila kwayo, engeyonto kwaye ayikho ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-3000, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inokugqithwa nomntu oneminyaka emininzi emhlabeni kunayo nayiphi na into. enye into ephilayo.
Kucacile ukuba ukuze baphile elo nani leminyaka nangaphezulu, kufuneka kubekho iimeko ezithile, kungenjalo umgangatho wabo wobomi uyancipha kwaye ngoko ke nobomi babo; Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba zikhula ngokucothayo njengoko kuya kuboniswa kwicandelo kamva kwinqaku.
Enye yezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo kukuba xa ixesha lasebusika, yonke inkqubo iyancipha, oku kungenxa yobunzima bala maqondo okushisa, okuthintela ukuba aqhubeke ekhula, ngokuqinisekileyo, iyaqhubeka nokuphefumla, ngaphandle koko. angafa. Emva koko, xa kufika intwasahlobo, iyavuka, kodwa ikwenza oko ngokucothayo, kungoko unyaka wonke lo mthi ukhula kangangeenyanga ezintandathu kuphela, eminye ingasebenzi.
Le mithi ixhaphake kakhulu ukuyifumana ezintabeni, yingakho ubusika bubachaphazela kakhulu kwaye bunciphisa umsebenzi wabo, ekubeni ihlobo lidla ngokubanda kunezinye iindawo zokuhlala; Xa abantu begqiba kwelokuba bazikhulise, bafanele banikele ingqalelo kuzo zonke iinkalo eziyimfuneko, ngokuyintloko imozulu, ekubeni ingekho kuzo zonke iindawo ezizithandayo.
Le mithi ibizwa ngokuba yi "Conifers", enye yeempawu zayo ezinomdla kakhulu sisiqu sayo, kuba oku kuthe tye kwaye akukho njengakwimeko yeminye edla ngokuba namasebe amaninzi, njengoko isiqu sayo sikhula sikhula, kuye kwakho ezinye zazo bade babe neemitha ezisibhozo kwindawo yabo.
Ngokuphathelele amagqabi awo, azinasayizi enye, kodwa ziguquguquka kakhulu, kodwa oko ziyiyo zinde, ukongeza, iicones zazo zinemilo ye-ovoid. Intsapho ekuyo yiCupressaceae.
Descripción
Ezinye iinkcazo sele zinikiwe kwintshayelelo, nangona kunjalo, kweli candelo siza kuthetha ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngalo mthi umangalisayo, onomthi omde kwaye uthe tye, amasebe awo abhityile kakhulu kwaye awela ngokuthe tye phezulu. inomqolo otyebileyo ngokumangalisayo, kwaye iyamenyezela kwaye imtyibilizi.
Ubungakanani bamagqabi ayo abulungiswanga, ngokungafaniyo ne Amagqabi emithi kolunye uhlobo, ezi zinokuba malunga neemilimitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25 millimeters, zithe tyaba kwaye zinde. Ngokubhekiselele kumbala ofanayo, ziya kuhluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zibekwe elangeni ngokuthe ngqo, njengoko zisenzeka kwindawo yezithsaba zale mithi okanye ukuba, ngokuchaseneyo, zisemthunzini, oko kukuthi. , ekhuthazwa ngamanye amasebe okanye imithi ekufutshane, eyona nto imnyama idla ngokuhlala kwindawo ephezulu, ngelixa eziphantsi zinokuba neendawo ezimhlophe.
Ngokuphathelele iicones zale mithi, njengoko kukhankanyiwe, zigcina i-ovoid shape, enobude obunokwahluka ukusuka kwishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu leemilimitha ezingamashumi amathathu anesibini, ngaphezu koko banama-spiral scales kwaye nganye kuzo inembewu, malunga nesithathu. ukuya kutsho kwiimilimitha ezine ngobukhulu, ezithi, njengoko izikali zikhula, ziyakhululwa kwaye xa zomile ziyavuleka.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, into enxulumene nokuvuthwa, kwenzeka phakathi kwenyanga yesibhozo kunye nenyanga yesithoba emva komvumvuzelwano, owenzeka xa kuphela ubusika.
Le mithi ikhula ngokwamaqela kwiintaba ezifumileyo, unobangela wolu luhlu kukuba ngale ndlela izikhusela kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu nakwimimoya ebhudla ngamandla. Le mithi inokubonwa ukusuka e-Oregon ukuya eCalifornia kwindawo esemazantsi.
Ichazwa njengeyona nto iphakamileyo emhlabeni, nangona kunjalo, yayingasoloko inje, ngaphambili i-eucalyptus kunye nemithi yefir yayigqwesa ukuphakama, kodwa namhlanje ezi azijongwa ngokuphakama okunjalo.
Kukho into enomdla malunga nale mithi kwaye ikhula ngokusondeleyo, enye isondele kwenye, ngokungathi ixhomekeke, kodwa inyaniso kukuba inengcambu efanayo, enkulu ngokungafaniyo Imithi enengcambu ezimbalwaNoko ke, ukuba omnye wabo uyafa, ugawulwe okanye into efanayo, ezinye ziyaqhubeka zikhula, zibonelelana ngencindi xa kuyimfuneko.
Iindidi zemithi ebomvu
Kukho izigaba ezininzi zolu hlobo lomthi, ezimbini kuzo zilusapho olukude kwaye omnye ungowolu hlobo ngokuthe ngqo, ezi zilandelayo: I-sequoia ebomvu, i-sequoia enkulu kunye ne-Metasequoia, nganye kuzo iya kucaciswa ngokubanzi.
Ngokumalunga neyokuqala, oko kukuthi, i-sequoia ebomvu, ngokwesayensi yaziwa ngokuba yiSequoia sempervirens, yathi ngandlela thile, le yintsusa, njengeyonyani, elinye igama elaziwa ngalo yiCalifornia sequoia, ikakhulu ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo. indawo, ngakumbi ngakumbi kunxweme loMntla Merika wePasifiki.
Kulo mmandla inokuthi ibekwe kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezingamakhulu alithoba namashumi amabini ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kodwa kukwakho nezinye ezisezantsi, ezifikelela kumashumi amathathu eemitha kuphela ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.
Lo mthi unokuba neminyaka engamawaka amathathu namakhulu amabini wobomi kwaye ufikelele kubude obungaphezulu kwekhulu leemitha.
Okulandelayo, i-sequoia enkulu yakhankanywa, le nto inokufumaneka eCalifornia, kodwa ukuya kummandla waseSierra Nevada, igama elaziwa ngalo kakhulu yi "velintonia", olu hlobo nalo ludlula ikhulu leemitha ukuphakama.
Ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yayo, inokufezekiswa kumanqanaba aphezulu ngaphezu kolwandle, ukusuka ubuncinane malunga newaka elinamakhulu amane eemitha ukuya kwiimitha ezingamawaka amabini anamakhulu amahlanu ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kwelinye icala, ubomi bawo, njengalowo wangaphambili, bufikelela kwiminyaka engama-3000 3200 nama-XNUMX XNUMX.
Okokugqibela, kukho iMetasequoia, ebizwa ngokwenzululwazi ngokuthi yiMetasequoia glyptostroboides, njengoko kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nangona iluhlobo lomthi ekuthethwa ngawo, ngowona ukude nemvelaphi yawo, unokwahlulwa. ngeendlela ezininzi, kuba kukho iinkcukacha ezicacileyo malunga noku, njengale:
- Ngokungafaniyo nangaphambili, lo ukhula ngokukhawuleza
- Iyavuthuluka
- Ubude bayo, sele bukwinqanaba lobudala, bumalunga neemitha ezingamashumi amane anesihlanu, kwaye isiqu sayo siya kuba nobubanzi obumalunga neemitha ezimbini.
- Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubahlula kukuba imvelaphi yabo ayikho eNyakatho Melika kodwa kwilizwekazi laseAsia, ngakumbi e-China, nangona amaxesha amaninzi adlulileyo, ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Paleocene, bahlala eMexico naseDakota. eUnited States..
- Asinakukwazi ukukhankanya ukuba le nto iguquguqukayo, oko kukuthi, isasazeka kwezinye iindawo, ekubeni imozulu ayibachaphazeli kakhulu, yingakho ibonakala kwiigadi.
Indawo kunye ne-ecology
Ezi zibekwe kunxweme lwePasifiki kuMntla Merika, ngumcu omde kwaye umxinwa kule ndawo, omalunga neekhilomitha ezingamakhulu asixhenxe anamashumi amahlanu.
Ezi ntaba zikwezo ntaba kukho imvula engakumbi, ekubeni kulapho kukho ukufuma okungakumbi, kungoko ezona ziphakamileyo kulapho kudlula khona imisinga.
Amaxolo azo angqindilili, nto leyo eluncedo kuwo kakhulu, njengoko ewakhusela kwizinambuzane eziyingozi, nakumonakalo onokubangelwa likhandlela kuwo. Elunxwemeni owona mthi mdala unamawaka amabini namakhulu amabini eminyaka ubudala.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukukhulisa iSequoia?
Okuncinci sele kuthethiwe malunga nokukhula kwalo mthi kulo lonke inqaku kwaye le yenye yeengongoma ezibangela umdla kakhulu ebantwini xa bedibana okanye bebona lo mthi, kuba amaxesha amaninzi xa unethuba lokubona enye kwaye inkulu ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ibanzi, oko kuthetha ukuba sele ingamakhulu eminyaka ubudala.
Ngokubhekiselele ekukhuleni kwayo, imiba emininzi kufuneka ihlale ithathelwe ingqalelo, ngakumbi inyani yemfuza yale nto iphilayo, kunye nento ehambelana nemozulu ekhula kuyo, umhlaba, ukutshintsha kwamaqondo obushushu, ngakumbi ngaphambi utshintsho lwemozulu olubonwe lihlabathi iminyaka emininzi, ngokufanayo izinambuzane nezifo ezinokuzihlasela ziyathathelwa ingqalelo.
Kodwa ukuba lo mthi awujongani nolu tshintsho, okanye izifo, kodwa ukhula kwindawo ezolileyo ngokwendalo yayo, isiqu sayo siya kwenziwa malunga neminyaka engamashumi amabini.
Ikhula kangakanani i-sequoia ngonyaka?
Xa sele nditshilo oku ngasentla, ngokuqinisekileyo inkxalabo ivela malunga nokuba ubude bomthi wolu hlobo ufikelela kangakanani ekuhambeni konyaka, impendulo kule nto kukuba iyaguquguquka, kodwa ukuba i-evolution ibonwa, ingaba neesentimitha ezimbini ubuncinane. Xa simile kakuhle, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ebusika le mithi iyawuyeka umsebenzi wayo.
Kungenzeka ukuba ukuba umhlaba ongena kuwo lo mthi uhlala uchumisile, ngoko ukuguquka kwawo kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, amaxesha akhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba enze olu hlobo lomsebenzi kwiinyanga ezihamba entwasahlobo kude kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.
Phakathi kwezixhobo ezithi iingcali zingasetyenziselwa oku ngumgquba, onokuwenza kwikhaya lakho ngezinto eziphilayo ezifana nenkunkuma yokutya, kodwa ungasebenzisa i-guano; kwakhona kwelinye lala macandelo alandelayo inkathalo yakhe igxininisiwe.
Iphi eyona Sequoia inkulu ehlabathini?
Le yenye yezona curiosities ezinkulu ngalo mthi, kuba abaninzi bangathanda ukubona enye kwaye kutheni hayi inde kakhulu kubo, nto leyo engayeki ukumangalisa abo banethuba lokuyityelela, enokufumaneka ngoku eCalifornia, leyo yabo. indawo yemvelaphi.
Ukwazi lo mthi, nokuba uhlala kwilizwe okanye uhamba njengomkhenkethi, kufuneka uye epakini kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiRedwood, eSan Francisco ukuya ngasentla. Ubude bayo buphantse ukuba likhulu elineshumi elinesithandathu leemitha, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku lolona lude kunabo bonke, uhlobo lwayo yiSequoia sempervirens.
Ngokufanayo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe elinye lawona malungu abalaseleyo, kodwa kulo mzekelo ungowolunye uhlobo kwaye ubizwa ngokuba yiSequoiadendron giganteum, oku ikwakwilizwe laseCalifornia, kodwa kwenye ipaki, ebizwa ngokuba yiSequoia National Park, Bade babe negama kwaye nguGeneral Sherman, ke ukuba undwendwela indawo kwaye ufuna ukudibana naye ngokuthe ngqo, cela umntu osuka kwindawo akuse apho ngqo.
Iingcali zithi le yeyona biomass ininzi emhlabeni, kuba isiqu sayo sityebileyo kwaye simalunga neemitha ezilishumi elinanye ububanzi kwaye ukuphakama kwayo kumalunga namashumi asibhozo anesine eemitha, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba amasebe ayo made kakhulu, malunga. amashumi amane eemitha.
Ezona sampuli zityebileyo
Uninzi lwale mithi lukhankanywe ngezantsi ngokobukhulu bayo, amagama abo, ukuphakama kunye nobukhulu bayo buya kukhankanywa:
Eyokuqala ikwiJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, eCalifornia, emalunga neemitha ezingamashumi alithoba anesibhozo ukuphakama kwaye ububanzi bayo buziimitha ezisi-7.9, igama layo yiLost Monarch.
Okulandelayo yi-Fusion Giant, ebekwe kwi-Redwood National Park naseCalifornia, ubude bayo bungaphezulu kancinane kwekhulu elinesithandathu leemitha, ngelixa ubukhulu bayo bufikelela kwi-6.8 yeemitha ububanzi.
Elandelayo ikwafumaneka kwiJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, kulo mzekelo ukuphakama kwayo malunga neemitha ezingama-91,5 kwaye ubukhulu bayo buziimitha ezi-6.25 ububanzi, bubizwa ngokuba yiLluvatar.
Okulandelayo yiNorth Titan, ekwafumaneka kwiJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, ukuphakama kwayo ziimitha ezingama-93.6 kwaye ububanzi bayo buziimitha ezisi-7.3.
Kwakhona kwiJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, yindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Howland Hill Giant, i-100,6 yeemitha ukuphakama, kodwa ingaphantsi kobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-5.85 yeemitha ububanzi.
Okokugqibela kuluhlu nguSir Isaac Newton, osePrairie Creek Redwoods State Park.
Ziintoni ezibakhathazayo?
Abantu abaninzi bafuna ukuba nohlobo lwalo mthi, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo, kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nendawo enkulu kakhulu, apho kukho indawo ukwenzela ukuba iphuhliswe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ukuba sele unayo okokuqala. enye into iya kuba lula, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:
Indawo ozakutyala kuyo kufuneka ibelapho ilanga lifikelela khona, kodwa iphinde iwuthande umthunzi, njengoko umhlaba oza kuwubeka kuwo kufuneka ube ne organic matter eyaneleyo, oko kukuthi, mayingabikho. yomile, njengoko idinga ukufuma ukuze iphuhlise, kufuneka kwakhona ibe ne-drainage eyaneleyo.
Ukunkcenkceshela umthi wakho, i-frequency kufuneka ibephakathi, ingacothi kakhulu okanye ikhawuleze kakhulu, kwimeko yexesha lasehlotyeni, emva koko unkcenkceshele ubuncinane amaxesha amane ngeveki, kuba lixesha apho zishushu kakhulu unyaka wonke. kuncipha njengoko imozulu ithande ukufuma ngakumbi.
Ngexesha lasebusika iya kuqalisa ukukhulula imbewu yayo, ekufuneka ihlulwe efrijini ubuncinane iintsuku ezingamashumi alithoba, oku ukuba ufuna ukuyiphindaphinda kwaye ube nemizekelo emininzi.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona kweSequoia
Oku kwenzeka zombini ngokwesondo kunye ne-asexually, yiyo loo nto i-clones ihluma. Le mithi iqalisa ukuvelisa imbewu xa sele ifikelele kwiminyaka elishumi okanye elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala, nangona kunjalo, ayifane ibekho.
intshayelelo eyenziweyo
Nangona le mithi isuka e-United States, yaziswa ngokokwenziwa e-Europe ngeminyaka yoo-1800s, yiyo loo nto le mithi inokubonwa kwiipaki ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwekazi, umzekelo eCantabria naseGalicia.
