Imithi ithathwa njengezona zityalo ezifanelekileyo kuluntu, ngenxa yobuhle bayo obukhulu kunye negalelo kuphuhliso lobomi, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo, iifom kunye neentsapho kodwa kulo mzekelo siyakumema ukuba ufunde ngomthi Okuninzi wafunda ngenxa yayo. iipropati ezinkulu zonyango ezifana ne-Elderberry.
Umdala
Imithi zizityalo ezinokuthi zifikelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, zinesiqu esinemithi, zinamasebe anabela emhlabeni kwaye zinezithsaba zeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezimbo, ngenxa yoko kukho iindidi ezininzi zemithi, phakathi kwazo zonke ezi ntlobo ezikhoyo. , umthi weSauco ubalasele.
I-Sauco ekwaziwa ngokuba yiSambucus okanye ngokulula iSauco, iqhele ukuhambelana nohlobo oluthi phakathi kwesihlanu ukuya kwamashumi amathathu iintlobo zentsapho ye-adoxaceae, olu hlobo losapho lwenziwe liqela lamatyholo okanye imithi emincinci eneempawu zamagqabi ahlala eluhlaza (bona bagcine iithowuni zabo eziluhlaza unyaka wonke).
Ezinye iingcaphephe kwibhotani zithatha umdala njengenxalenye yosapho ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-honeysuckle apho zithathwa njengeqela elikhulu lamatyholo kunye nemidiliya, zithathwa njengeqela elikhulu lezityalo zokuhombisa ikakhulu kwimimandla epholileyo.
Igama layo lezenzululwazi nguSambucus Nigra L. Bakwaziwa ngokuba yiSabuco, Sayugo, Linsusa okanye Cañilero. Ithathwa njengomthi oyinzalelwane yelizwekazi laseYurophu kwaye ukufika kwawo eLatin America kwaba ngokufika kweSpanish kwilizwekazi elitsha phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Iimpawu ze-Elderberry
I-Elderberry inokuthathwa njenge-shrub okanye umthi omncinci, amagqabi awo abonakaliswe ngokuba yi-pinnate malunga ne-5 ukuya kwi-9 kwaye anokude afikelele kwi-11, ebonakala kakhulu ngokuba nobude obuphakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-30 yeesentimitha kunye nemida yayo i-serrated. zichasene kwaye zibhetyebhetye. Umboko wayo unokutyeka, ungqindilili kunye nexolo elirhabaxa.
Ihambelana nesityalo esinokufikelela kwi-6 ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha ukuphakama. Ukongeza, amasebe awo athande ukuba ngqindilili kwaye anamaxolo aqhekekileyo, umbala wawo umdaka ngothuthu. Iintyatyambo zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yevumba lazo elimnandi kwaye ziqokelelwe ngokwamaqela aziwa njengeecorymbs, ngokuba ngamaqela afikelela kwi-15 yeentyatyambo, intyatyambo nganye ine-hermaphroditic kwaye inamagqabi ayi-5 amile okwenkwenkwezi, anombala omhlophe ngokuqhelekileyo. dubula phakathi entwasahlobo.
Iziqhamo zayo zaziwa njengamaqunube amile okwebhaluni, anenyama kakhulu kwaye anokulinganisa ukuya kwi-9 yeesentimitha ububanzi. Zisisiqhamo esinejusi kwaye siyatyiwa, zinombala obomvu nokuba mnyama xa sele zivuthiwe, xa zingekavuthwa zinokuba nombala ozuba okanye oluhlaza.
Enye yeempawu zayo eziphambili kukunyanga kwayo kunye nemisebenzi yesondlo kunye neentyatyambo zayo kunye neziqhamo ezivuthiweyo, igxininisa ukuba isiqhamo kunye namaxolo aso kufuneka kulindeleke ukuba avuthwe kuba anokuba yityhefu kwaye abe yingozi empilweni.
Iintlobo Ezidala
Igama elithi "Sambucus" livela kwiSambuca yesiGrike kwaye yayithathwa njengesixhobo somculo esasisetyenziswa kakhulu ngamaRoma kwaye yakhiwe ngamaplanga avela kulo mthi, kwimeko ye "Nigra" ibhekisela kumbala wayo omnyama xa iziqhamo zayo zinjalo. ivuthiwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe into yokuba iya kubekwa kwiintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ezichazwe ngezantsi:
ISambucus yasePeru
Ihambelana neentlobo eziqhelekileyo kuMbindi Melika kunye neLatin America, ingaba ngumthi omde ukuya kwiimitha ezisibhozo, ine-trunk engaqhelekanga kwaye ine-inflorescences phakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-22 centimeters ubude ehlanganiswe ngamaqoqo. Indawo yayo ephambili iphakathi kweCosta Rica kunye nengingqi yaseAndes eArgentina, iziqhamo zayo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza iijam, iziselo kunye newayini; ngelixa iintyatyambo zayo zisetyenziswa njenge-analgesics, anti-inflammatories kunye ne-antiseptics.
ISambucus yaseMexico
Ikwaziwa ngokuba Sambucus Canadensis, kakhulu ibekwe kummandla North American, ikakhulu kwiindawo ezinamatye ezintabeni, kuba iintlobo efumaneka ngokubanzi e Mexico, kulo mzekelo, isihlahla deciduous ukuba ukufikelela kuphela iimitha ezintathu ukuphakama.
Ukulinywa kwabadala
I-Elderberry ithathwa njengomthi osetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobukhazikhazi bawo obukhulu, yiyo loo nto inokufunwa njengesityalo sokuhombisa.Masixelele ezinye zezi ngcebiso zilandelayo ekufuneka zilinywe:
Ubicación
I-elderberry ngumthi okwazi ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezahlukeneyo ezinomswakama ophezulu, ngakumbi loo mahlathi anomswakama kakhulu.
Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza
I-Elderberry ithathwa njengomthi onokubaluleka kunye nesiqu esibalaseleyo, ngoko ke iyakwazi ukuxhathisa iimeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu kwaye ikwazi ukuphila, kule meko inyani yokukwazi ukumelana neqabaka eyomeleleyo iyabonakala.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ukuphindaphinda kwezityalo kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengembewu, yinkqubo yesondo eqhelekileyo, apho ezinye izinto zingenelela ekuncedeni ukuveliswa kwezityalo, ezinye iindlela zokuphindaphinda ngokuveliswa kwezityalo, ezithathwa njenge-asexual form ngenxa yokuba. zizityalo ze-hermaphrodite. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-Elder tree, ezi ndlela zimbini zisetyenziswa: ukuhlwayelwa ngembewu kunye nokuveliswa kwezityalo, le yokugqibela izama ukukhupha ezinye iingcambu zepropagules kwiingcambu zayo ezingaphezulu, kunye nokuveliswa kwezityalo kuyeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo yokuphindaphinda.
Ukuthena nokuVuna
Ukuthena kubonwa njengendlela yokususa amasebe omileyo, anesifo okanye aphukileyo kunye nemifuno ethintela ukukhula kwesityalo okanye ukuguqula ubuhle baso. ukuvunwa kweziqhamo kugqame apho kufuneka zilinde de zibemnyama okanye zijinga emasebeni (ixesha lasehlotyeni nasekuqaleni kokwindla).
Unkcenkceshelo
Ukukhula kwezityalo kubalulekile ukuba zichaneke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwazo, phakathi kwazo amanzi abalaseleyo. Kwimeko yokuba ne-Elderberry kwi-nursery, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ukunkcenkceshela ngamanzi amaninzi, ukuzama ukugcina i-substrate ifumile, ukuphepha ukuqokelela kunye nokugqithisa ngamaxesha onke.
Ukuhlwayela
Amaxesha okulima amadala akholisa ukwenziwa ngokweebhetshi okanye ngokutshintshela izityalo zasenkulisa. Okokuqala, kufuneka kwenziwe umngxuma emhlabeni, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubungakanani besityalo esiza kusetyenziswa kwindawo yokugcina abantwana.
Ukuqulunqwa kunye neePropati ze-Elderberry
I-Elderberry ithathwa njengomnye wemithi efunwa kakhulu kwiipropati zayo eziphambili, phakathi kwazo kufuneka sigxininise ukuba ilinywe ngenjongo yokuhlobisa ngaphakathi okanye kwigadi yasekhaya, kunye nokutya ngenxa yeziqhamo zomthi we-Elderberry, i-artisan. umthi ogcinwe njengebhonsai kwaye ikakhulu iyeza leentyatyambo kunye namaxolo; ukuba yimfuneko kwimozulu epholileyo kunye nebandayo.
Iipropati zeziqhamo ezindala
Zonke iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo okanye amajikijolo enziwe ngeseti yee-pigments eziphilayo, kunye nezinto ezithandekayo ze-biochemical ezifana ne-anthocyanins, i-fiber, i-phosphorus, i-glucose, i-fructose kunye ne-potassium. Ngamnye we-50 g yeziqhamo ezitsha zibhekwa njengokubonelela ukuya kwi-9 kunye ne-13 milligrams ye-vitamin C kunye ne-vitamin B. Kwakhona ine-magnesium, i-zinc, isinyithi kunye ne-calcium.
Ineziqhamo zasendle ezityiwayo, apho zombini ulusu kunye nentlaka yentlaka zinokutyiwa ikakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zazo eziluncedo. Ngeziqhamo zayo ezibalulekileyo, iijam zenziwe kwaye ngaphezu kokusetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango ezifana ne-syrups, laxatives kunye ne-depuratives, ineepropathi eziluncedo zokunciphisa i-cholesterol kunye nokuphucula umbono, zinokuba neempawu ezichasayo eziluncedo kwi-neuralgia, intloko ebuhlungu. , intlungu yesisu kunye ne-sciatica.
Unokufumana ukupheka amaqunube ukuphucula incasa kwaye ngaloo ndlela uphucule ukugaya. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukwazi inkqubo yokwenza isiraphu ngokuchanekileyo, ingaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ijusi yeziqhamo ezivuthiweyo kufuneka ikhutshwe okanye ifakwe, kwaye imbewu iyahluthwa, kule meko kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kunye nembewu ngenxa yokuba ingaba yityhefu, ngoko kufuneka ishiywe ukupheka malunga nemizuzu eyi-10. Kufuneka ivunyelwe ukuba iphole ngaphambi kokuba ipakishwe kwaye ekugqibeleni ifakwe efrijini. Xa sele ilungile, ungasebenzisa isiraphu 2 ukuya 3 amacephe ngosuku.
Kukho uphando oluthile oluye lwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseGraz eOstriya, ngokufunda isicatshulwa sequnube, inoxanduva lokunciphisa i-oxidation ye-low-density lipoproteins ye-cholesterol ebandakanyekayo kwi-atherogenesis, olu hlobo lweepropati lufanelekile. ukwazi ukulwa nezifo zentliziyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zonke iziqhamo eziluhlaza zibonakaliswa ngokuba nomgaqo onobuthi obizwa ngokuba yi-sambunigrina, enye yezizathu eziphambili zokuba akufanele zidliwe zide zivuthwe ngokupheleleyo. Lo mgaqo onobuthi ufumaneka kumagqabi, amagxolo kunye nembewu ye-elderberry. Kucetyiswa ukuba amagqabi angatyiwa ngenxa yokuba anetyhefu kakhulu, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwawo kusetyenziswe ngqo kwizityalo ukugxotha iimpuku, iintuku kunye nezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, zinokutshiswa ukuze zigalelwe amayeza okubulala izinambuzane.
Kwimeko yokusetyenziswa njengento yokugalela ukuba isetyenziswe njengezigxothi zeengcongconi kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukutshizwa kwizityalo ukuze ibe nokukhuseleka kwintwala kunye nombungu.
Ukulungiswa kwe-insecticide kufuneka kube ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kuyimfuneko ukubilisa ilitha lamanzi kunye nama-225 amagremu amaqabunga amadala, ukupheka imizuzu engama-20, emva koko ugxininise kwaye uvumele ukuba upholile. Kuseshushu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wongeze icephe lolwelo okanye lomgubo wokucoca umgubo kwaye ekugqibeleni ugalelwe kwibhotile yesitshizi.
Iipropati ze-Elderflower
Zonke iintyatyambo zayo ziyatyiwa, zikholisa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwigastronomy ukuphumeza iaromatization kunye nokulungiselela ezinye iiresiphi ezinje ngeti yezityalo, iijeli, iijam, i-ayisikrimu, iikuki okanye zinokudityaniswa namanye amayeza. Kangangeminyaka, ibifunwa ukufumana iwayini, ezidume kakhulu kolu setyenziso, apho intyatyambo ithande ukuba macerated de ifumane ivumba elimnandi kunye nencasa endala.
Zonke iintyatyambo zenziwe ngeoli efunekayo, equkethe i-flavonoids, i-phenolic acids, i-tannins, i-vitamin C kunye neemaminerali. Ineempawu ezibalulekileyo ze-diaphoretic kwi-epithelium ye-bronchial. Inokwenza umphumo ocaphukisayo onokunyusa ukuveliswa kweemfihlo ze-bronchoalveolar, ngoko ke, inokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kunyango olwahlukileyo lwengqele kunye nomkhuhlane.
Kukho izifundo ezahlukeneyo ze-elderberry flavonoids ezine-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory kunye ne-immunological properties; ukulawula ukwandisa imveliso eyahlukeneyo ye-cytokines kwi-monocytes, ngaloo ndlela ivuselela amajoni omzimba.
Iintyatyambo zoMthi we-Elder zingasetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-creams zokucoca kunye nokususa amabala esikhumbeni, kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcinweni kwesikhumba, ngokukodwa ngabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala.
Iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo zineempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-antiseptic kunye ne-bactericidal, ziyimfuneko kwi-pyorrhea, i-gingivitis kunye ne-pharyngitis, isetyenziswe njenge-infusions ukuze ifakwe kwi-mouthwashes kunye ne-gargles. Isenokusetyenziswa ukubulala iintsholongwane amanxeba okanye ukukhulula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutsha. Ukususela ngaphambili, iintyatyambo zibhekwa njengempembelelo enkulu ye-galactogogue, ngamagama ambalwa, inoxanduva lokuvuselela imveliso yobisi ehlukeneyo, oku kungenxa yempembelelo yeprotein balance, ithandeka kakhulu kwi-lactation.
Kule meko, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukhuni oludala lunokumelana kakhulu, luxabiswe kwikhabhinethi kunye nokucaciswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezolimo. Inokuvelisa ngokulula, apho umongo wawo onke amasebe utsalwa khona, usetyenziswe ekwenzeni izixhobo ezithile ezifana nembande, iityhubhu, imipu, phakathi kwezinye kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengeenkuni.
Phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwayo okuhlukeneyo okukhankanyiweyo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe into yokuba ikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Elderberry ifundwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo iminyaka emininzi ukuze kuzuze iipropati zayo. Uphando oluninzi olukhoyo olunxulumene namalungu omthi luqaqambisa iimpawu zesakhono esiluncedo emntwini.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo:
Ithenwa nini imithi yeamangile?