Kulo lonke eli nqaku uya kufumana ubomi kunye nomsebenzi womlinganiswa webhayibhile owaziwa ngokuba: UPawulos waseTarso oNgcwele. Indoda eyathi emva kokuba ngumtshutshisi wamaKrestu, yaba ngoyena mshumayeli unenzondelelo weendaba ezilungileyo zeNkosi uYesu.
UPawulos waseTarso oNgcwele
UPawulos oNgcwele waseTarso okanye uSawule waseTarso wayeyindoda ekwihlelo lamaYuda elaziwa ngokuba ngabaFarisi. Abalandeli bale mfundiso yobuYuda yabaFarisi babengabatshutshisi abanenzondelelo bakaYesu waseNazarete ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe emhlabeni.
USawule waseTarso wayeqeqeshwe kwimfundiso yabaFarisi yaye ngemihla yobutsha bakhe wabandakanyeka kwintshutshiso yokuqala yamaYuda kumaKristu.
Ukuba ufumene esi sithuba sinomdla, siyakumema ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngesi sihloko apha Iintshutshiso zamaKristu: ibali lokunkwantya neentlungu.
Apho unokufumanisa ukuba zazinjani iiNtshutshiso zamaKristu, ingekuphela nje ezo zabandezelwa libandla lamandulo ngamaxesha oBukhosi baseRoma. Kodwa uya kubazi abo babandezelekayo kumaxesha anamhlanje, nabo basabandezelekayo namhlanje amaKristu.
Umsebenzi wentshutshiso kaSawule waseTarso nxamnye namaKristu wafikelela esiphelweni emva kokuba uYesu ovusiweyo wabonakala kuye, xa wayesendleleni eya eDamasko. Emva kwale ntlanganiso yobuso ngobuso kaSawule noYesu, ukusuka apho ukuguqukela kwakhe ebuKristwini kwenzeka, ethabatha igama elanikwa yiNkosi yeNgcwele uPawulos waseTarso.
Izelwe ngokutsha emva kokuba amava ephila kubukho bukaYesu, le ndoda intsha uPawulos waseTarso yaba ngoyena mkhuthazi nombhengezi onenzondelelo wokholo lobuKristu. Ukholo olwalunembopheleleko yokusasaza kungekuphela nje eYerusalem kodwa nakwimimandla engaphaya kwayo, ngeehambo zobuvangeli basemazweni.
Ngolu hambo lobuvangeli basemazweni uPawulos waseTarso wazuza ukuguqulwa kwenani elikhulu labantu beentlanga kubuKristu. Le ndoda ikwangumbhali weemfundiso ezisisiseko zemfundiso yobuKristu.
Iimfundiso ezathinjwa kwiileta ezili-14 zabapostile ezikwiTestamente eNtsha yeBhayibhile.
Ibhayografi kaPawulos oNgcwele waseTarso
INgcwele uPawulos waseTarso igama lakhe lokuzalwa yayinguSawule wemvelaphi yesiHebhere kwaye njengoko i-epithet enikwe igama lakhe isitsho, wazalelwa eTarso, isixeko esiphambili sephondo laseRoma iKilikiya, ngoku eTurkey. Ukuzalwa kukaSawule kukholelwa ukuba kwakuphakathi kwe-AD 5 kunye ne-10.
Inkcazelo yeli xesha linokwenzeka lokuzalwa icatshulwa ngababhali-mbali abathile kwincwadi uPawulos ayibhalela uFilemon ngoxa wayevalelwe e-Efese:
KUFILEMON 9 (XHOXNUMX) Ndikhetha ukukubongoza egameni lothando. Mna, Pawulos, indoda endala nangoku ngokunjalo ibanjwa ngoYesu Krestu,
Umhla wokubhalwa kwale ncwadi kuqikelelwa ukuba wawuphakathi kwiminyaka yama-50 AD e-Efese, okanye ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60 eKesareya okanye eRoma.
Ngaloo maxesha umntu wayegqalwa njengomdala xa efikelela kwiminyaka engama-50 okanye engama-60 ubudala, ukusuka apha kulandela ukuba iNgcwele uPawulos waseTarso wazalwa kwiminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane yokuqala, kangangokuba wayephila ngaxeshanye neNkosi uYesu.
Umvangeli uLucas kwincwadi yeZenzo, naye uqinisekisa imvelaphi okanye imvelaphi kaPawulos. Ulwazi olunekhredithi ekufuneka luthathwe njengenyani:
UMSEBENZI WABATHUNYWA 9:11 Hamba uye endlwini kaYudas kwisitrato esibizwa ngokuba seSithe Tye, ubuze umntu waseTarso uSawule. Uyathandaza.
Kwakhona ingqina ukuba isiGrike yayilulwimi lweenkobe lukaPawulos, imveliso yenkcazelo eyanikelwa yimaphu yasePalestina xa uYesu wayethetha ngokubhadula kwamaYuda kumazwe amaGrike namaRoma.
Funda ngakumbi apha malunga imephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu, apho uya kufunda umbutho wabo wezopolitiko, iimfundiso zakwalizwi ezikhoyo, amaqela ezentlalo, njl.
ITarso yaba ngummi waseRoma ngokokuzalwa, ngoko uPawulos wayengummi waseRoma nangona wayengunyana wamaYuda.
Usapho, inkcubeko kunye nemfundo
UPawulos waseTarso ekuqaleni uSawule wazalelwa kwintsapho yamaYuda yamagcisa achumileyo, noyise wayengowehlelo okanye iqela elikhethiweyo labaFarisi. Ngoko uPawulos wayenenkcubeko yamaYuda neyabaFarisi ngokomnombo wokuzalwa, kodwa kwindawo awazalelwa kuyo ukuba ngummi waseRoma yayingamaRoma.
Akuba egqibile izifundo zakhe eziziintloko eTarso, ngenkcubeko yamaYuda, uSawule wathunyelwa nguyise eYerusalem ukuze aqhubele phambili kwizifundo eziphakamileyo kunye nabona baphengululi babalaseleyo boMthetho wamaYuda. Akufika eYerusalem, uSawule waba ngumfundi kaRabhi uGamaliyeli, owayengumzukulwana kaHillel, umanduleli wesinye sezikolo ezibini eziphambili zemfundiso yabaFarisi, indlu kaBeit Hillel.
Ngale ndlela, uSawule ufumana uqeqesho oludityanisiweyo lwezemfundo, ngokukodwa ngokubhekisele kwizakwalizwi, intanda-bulumko, ukubamba umthetho, kunye nezoqoqosho. Ukongeza ekufundisweni ngezinye iilwimi ngaphandle kwesiGrike esingumama, njengesiLatini, isiHebhere kunye nesiAramiki samandulo.
USawule waseTarso umtshutshisi wamaKristu
Nangona uSawule ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe egqalwa njengophila ngaxeshanye noYesu; ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba wayengekho eYerusalem ngexesha lokubethelelwa kweNkosi emnqamlezweni, malunga nomnyaka wama-30 wenkulungwane yokuqala. Noko ke, ngokuvisisana noqeqesho olungqongqo gqitha lwemfundiso yobuFarisi awayifumanayo uSawule, wamenza inkokeli etshutshisayo yamaKristu okuqala awavela emva kokubethelelwa kukaKristu Yesu.
Ngaloo maxesha ibutho lamaKristu asandul’ ukusekwa laligqalwa ngamaYuda njengehlelo eliqhekekayo, elinemfundiso engavisisaniyo nemfundiso yamaYuda. Ngenxa yokungabi bhetyebhetye kwesithethe awayenako uSawule, wamenza ukuba abekho xa kwakubulawa umfeli-nkolo wokuqala ongumKristu owaziwa ngokuba nguStefano.
Ukubulawa kwabantu eYerusalem ngonyaka wama-36 emva koKristu, ngokutsho kwencwadi yeZenzo zabapostile, kutyhila ubukho nesenzo sikaSawule ekufeni komfeli-nkolo uStefano:
UMSEBENZI WABATHUNYWA 7:58 bamkhuphela ngaphandle kwesixeko, baza bamgibisela ngamatye. abamangaleli bayalela iingubo zabo kumfana ogama linguSawule.
IZenzo 8:1 (NIV): Kwaye ebekhona ke uSawule, evumelene nokufa kukaStefano.
(IZenzo 8:2-3) Abanye abantu abahlonel’ uThixo bamngcwaba uStefano bamenzela isijwili esikhulu. 3 USawuleokwangoku, yabangela umonakalo ecaweni: ukungena kwindlu ngendlu, barhuqa amadoda nabafazi, babavalela entolongweni.
Ukuguquka kukaSawule waseTarso
Ukuguquka kukaSawule waseTarso kubuKristu kubaliswa kwisahluko 9 sencwadi yeZenzo eya kubapostile. Le nkqubo iqalisa xa uSawule ehamba aze avele phambi kombingeleli omkhulu, ukuze amnike iincwadi ezisemthethweni zokumbuyisela ezindlwini zesikhungu zaseDamasko.
Injongo kaSawule yayikukufuna, ukubamba nokubathabatha aye eYerusalem ukuze agwetywe, bonke abo babesithi balandela imfundiso yeNdlela, njengoko lalisaziwa njalo ibandla lamaKristu okuqala, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngamadoda okanye abafazi. Ibhunga leSanhedrin yakwaSirayeli lavuma ukuthunywa nguSawule, yaye uya eDamasko.
Noko ke, kwindlela eya eDamasko, uSawule ufumana ukutyhilwa okumangalisayo kwamandla kaThixo ngokubona uYesu ovusiweyo. Ubukho obuzibonakalalisa ngendlela yokukhanya okungaqondakaliyo, obunzulu kangangokuba bumfamekise kwaye bumenze athobe phantsi; Ngokutsho kwencwadi yeZenzo kunye neqela lemibhalo kaPawulos kwiileta zakhe, nguYesu Kristu ovusiweyo owabonakala kuye.
INkosi uYesu yamkhalimela uPawulos ngesimilo sakhe isithi, “Sawule, unditshutshiselani na?” USawule ufumana ubizo lokuba ngumkhonzi weNkosi njengompostile weentlanga, abantu abangengomaYuda, ukuze ashumayele isigidimi sosindiso phakathi kwabantu. bona.
Emva kwala mava angcwele, sele eguqulelwe kuPawulos oNgcwele waseTarso, udibana noluntu lwamaKristu kulo mmandla. Emva koko uchitha ixesha entlango, apho athi nzulu aze aqinisekise isiseko sokholo lwakhe asandul’ ukulufumana.
UPawulos emva eDamasko ngoku utshutshiswa ngokuqatha ngamaYuda awayesakuba nenzondelelo yempambano. Oku kumenza ukuba asishiye ngokufihlakeleyo isixeko ngonyaka wama-39 emva kukaKristu.
UPawulos oNgcwele waseTarso uMpostile kwiiNtlanga
Emva kokushiya isixeko saseDamasko ezifihle, uPawulos uya eYerusalem aze adibane noPetros nabanye abapostile bakaYesu. Ekuqaleni olu lwalamano lwalungelula kakhulu ngenxa yehambo yakhe yangaphambili yokutshutshisa amaKristu kwisiXeko esiNgcwele.
Omnye wabadikoni ogama linguBernabé, ngenxa yokuba wayemazi okanye mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba wayesisalamane, wakhonza njengomkhuseli kaPablo de Tarso phambi kwebutho lamaKristu laseYerusalem; kamva lo mpostile ubuyela kwidolophu yakowabo aze azinikele ekushumayeleni isigidimi sikaYesu de kube ngunyaka wama-43 emva kukaKristu, xa uBharnabhas esiza kuye. Injongo kaBharnabhas yokuya kukhangela uPawulos eTarso yayikukuba babemiselwe ukuya kwa-Antiyokwe ngelo xesha besuka eSiriya.
IAntiyokwe yayisisixeko sale mihla nesichumileyo apho kwakukho inkitha yabalandeli besigidimi sikaYesu, ababengabantu beeNtlanga okanye abangengomaYuda. Kwakukwesi sixeko apho abalandeli bakaKristu Yesu baye banikwa iimfaneleko zamaKristu okwesihlandlo sokuqala.
Umsebenzi kaPawulos noBharnabhas yayikukunceda nokunceda ibutho lamaKristu akwa-Antiyokwe ngenkxaso yabo baseYerusalem. Iintshumayelo zikaPawulos oNgcwele waseTarso awathi wazenza ngokulandelelana ukuya kwizindlu zesikhungu ezahlukeneyo zamaYuda; Ayizange yamkelwe kakuhle kwaye phantse yayisoloko iphela ngokungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo.
Ekuqaleni ayembalwa kakhulu amaHebhere awakwaziyo ukwamkela ukholo lobuKristu kwintshumayelo kaPawulos oNgcwele waseTarso. Ngelixa iimfundiso zakhe zazisebenza ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu beentlanga, kunye nabantu abangakhathaliyo ababengazi nto ngenkolo yobuYuda.
iihambo zobuthunywa
INgcwele uPawulos waseTarso, ekunye noBharnabhas, baqalisa uhambo oluthathu lobuvangeli basemazweni betyhutyha iAsia Minor neminye imimandla yommandla wasePalestina besuka kwa-Antiyokwe. Olu hambo lwabavangeli basemazweni lwakhenketha izixeko ezichazwe ngezantsi:
Uhambo lokuqala
Olu hambo lwakhokelela uPawulos noBharnabhas eSipro ngonyaka wama-46 emva kokuzalwa kukaKristu, yaye kamva kwizixeko ezininzi zaseAsia Minor. I-pseudonym entsha eyamkelwa ngumpostile, eyayiligama lakhe lesibini lemvelaphi yesiLatini elithi Paul okanye uPaulus, kuba linentsingiselo yalo yesiRoma, lamvumela ukuba aphuhlise ngcono ubuthunywa bakhe phakathi kwabantu beentlanga.
Uthumo lukaPawulos lwavumela ukuba isigidimi sikaYesu siphume kummandla wamaYuda, wasePalestina, ngaloo ndlela saba sisigidimi sehlabathi lonke. Kolu hambo lokuqala, amabandla amaKrestu asekwa ePerge, eAntiyokwe ePisidi, eListra, eIkoniyo naseDerbhe eLikawoniya.
Enye yempumelelo yalo msebenzi wobuvangeli bompostile uPawulos yayikukuvumela ukuba kubekwe uluvo lokuba amaKristu eeNtlanga afanele ahlonelwe njengamaYuda. Kungenxa yokuba uPawulos wema ngelithi intlawulelo ngobabalo lukaKristu yayimela ukutshona kwelanga kokugqibela koMthetho kaMoses yaye yabakhulula abeeNtlanga kwimbopheleleko yokuthobela uqheliselo olwahlukahlukeneyo lobuYuda.
Uhambo lwesibini
Yenziwe phakathi kwama-50 nama-53 emva kukaKristu, iicawa zamaKristu zaseAnatolia zatyelelwa, zakhenketha inxalenye yeGalati, kwanezixeko ezithile zephondo laseAsiya. Kamva baya eMakedoni naseAkaya, ukusasazwa kweendaba ezilungileyo kwenziwa ngokukodwa kwizixeko ezinjengeFilippo, iTesalonika, iBhereya neKorinte.
Ngokufanayo, iAtene yatyelelwa yiNgcwele uPawulos waseTarso kolu hambo, apho wanikela khona intetho edumileyo yaseAreyopago, eyayinxamnye nentanda-bulumko yamaStoyike. Ngoxa uPawulos wayeseKorinte, kusenokwenzeka ukuba waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe njengombhali, ebhala incwadi yokuqala neyesibini eya kwabaseTesalonika.
Uhambo lwesithathu
Uhambo olwathabatha phakathi kweminyaka yama-53 nowama-58 emva kokuzalwa kukaKristu, betyelela abantu baseAsia Minor. Kamva waqhubeka etyhutyha iMakedoni nelaseAkaya, isixeko sase-Efese sinyulwe njengesazulu solu hambo nalapho uPawulos wahlala kuso kangangeminyaka emithathu.
UPawulos wase-Efese wabhala incwadi yokuqala eya kwabaseKorinte, apho ubunzima obufunyanwa lukholo lobuKristu phakathi kwemeko-bume ekhululekileyo nengenamsebenzi njengaleyo yeso sixeko bubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo; Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi isixeko sase-Efese yindawo apho uPawulos wabhala incwadi eya kwabaseGalati naleyo yayisiya kwabaseFilipi. Kolu hambo yaye kungekudala emva kokuba eseMakedoni, lo mpostile ubhala incwadi yesibini eya kwabaseKorinte.
Kamva, ngoxa wayeseKorinte, lo mpostile uthumela incwadi enemfundiso efanelekileyo kwabaseRoma. Kule ncwadi, uPawulos ugxininisa aze abethelele ngokunzulu umxholo wolwalamano phakathi kokholo nemisebenzi ngokuphathelele usindiso, elungiselela utyelelo oluzayo lwamaKristu eRoma.
Iminyaka edlulileyo
Xa uPawulos esiya eYerusalem ukuya kunikela ngesisa kwibutho lamaKristu athobekileyo eso sixeko, ubanjwa njengebanjwa. EYerusalem umpostile uchitha iminyaka emibini eluvalelweni lomkhosi wamaRoma.
Kamva bagqiba kwelokuba bamthumele elugcinweni olungqongqo kwinqanawa eya eRoma, ngenjongo yokuba inkundla yoMlawuli uNero igwebe uPawulos. Uhambo lwaselwandle lwaphawulwa ngeziqendu ezibalulekileyo ezinjengokuphukelwa kwenqanawa kunye nosindiso olungummangaliso.
Oku kusindiswa kungummangaliso kwabasebenzi benqanawa kwanika lo mpostile udumo kubagcini bakhe. Phakathi kweminyaka engama-61 ukuya kwengama-63, uPawulos oNgcwele waseTarso wayehlala eRoma, ngaxesha lithile esentolongweni kwaye elinye entolongweni ekhayeni ngokulingwa kunye nokugcinwa kwabucala. Kobu buthinjwa baseRoma, uPawulos wabhala incwadi eya kwabase-Efese, kwabaseKolose, nakuFilemon.
Iinkundla zamkhulula lo mpostile ngenxa yokungazigqali njengezingqongqo izityholo awayetyatyekwa zona. UPablo uqalisa kwakhona ubulungiseleli bakhe aze ashumayele eKrete, eIllyria naseAkhaya; Abanye baqinisekisa ukuba unokuba seSpain.
Ukususela kulo mhla incwadi yokuqala eya kuTimoti naleyo yayisiya kuTito, kwezi ncwadi umsebenzi wokulungelelaniswa onzulu weBandla ubonwa ngumpostile uPawulos.
Ukufa kukaPawulos oNgcwele waseTarso
UPablo waphinda wavalelwa entolongweni ngowama-66, xa wagwetywa ngumzalwana wobuxoki wokholo lwamaKristu. Umbanjwa waseRoma ubhala eyona ncwadi ichukumisayo, eyesibini incwadi eya kuTimoti.
Apho umpostile uvakalisa kuTimoti ekuphela komnqweno wakhe wokuva ubunzima ngenxa kaKristu nokunikela ngobomi bakhe ngenxa yeBandla. Evalelwe entolongweni, lo mpostile waziva elahliwe ngabantu bonke, waza wagwetyelwa ukufa; njengoko lalifana nommi waseRoma, owayenqunyulwe intloko ngekrele, mhlawumbi ngonyaka wama-67 emva kukaKristu.
Ingcamango kaPawulos oNgcwele waseTarso
Ingcinga eNgcwele uPawulos waseTarso yasekwa kwiileta zakhe, apho waseka isiseko semfundiso nezakwalizwi sobuKristu. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe obalaseleyo yayikukutolika kunye nomanduleli wesigidimi seNkosi uYesu.
UPawulos waseTarso ugqalwa njengethuba kunye nokwahlula okucacileyo phakathi kobuKristu nobuYuda. Kumsebenzi wakhe wobuvangeli, uPawulos wasasaza ingcinga yakhe yezakwalizwi yobuKristu, eyona nto iphambili yayo yayikukuhlangulwa kwendalo kunye nomnqophiso omtsha phantsi kobabalo owamiselwa nguKristu, owathi wawoyisa umthetho omdala kaMoses.
Qhubeka nathi ufunda Wazalelwa phi uYesu waseNazarete?: Ubomi, imimangaliso nokunye okuninzi, ukwazi nzulu ubomi bonyana kaThixo.
