La Iishiti zebhedi Yaziwa njengenye yezona zityalo zishushu nezona zintle kakhulu, ineentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana kunye nenani elincinane lezityalo, kodwa loo nto ayiphazamisi ubuhle kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zale ecosystem. Funda konke malunga nale ecosystem intle! Apha kanye.
Yintoni i-savannah?
Lo ngummandla owenziwe ngamathafa amakhulu kwaye unemithi embalwa, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngamadlelo ashushu kakhulu.
El i-savannah biome Iyimodeli ye-bioclimatic, ihambelana neendawo ze-biotic, ezinokhuselo olulinganiselwe, ngamanye amagama ngenxa yokuba zinenani elincinci lemithi okanye, ngokungaphumeleli, ezimbalwa ezinazo zincinci ngobukhulu.
Ziindawo ezenziwe ngamadlelo abanzi kunye namatyholo aneziqu ezikhulu, ezinye zide kakhulu kwaye ezinye zincinci, zezo zisenzeka ngokubanzi kule mimandla yemozulu eshushu, ngamathafa angenasiphelo anezityalo ezixineneyo ezimangalisayo.
Oko kukuthi, indawo yejografi ephawulwe yimozulu eyomileyo neyomileyo, ngenxa yoko iintyatyambo zayo zinqabile kwaye zisasazeka ngokungalingani, iintsapho ezinkulu zemithi azikhe zisondelelane.
Zihlala zenziwe ngokubulela kwizinto ezininzi, ezinjengomlilo, umhlaba, imozulu, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuphembelela ukusekwa kwezi bhayom zinomtsalane emehlweni omntu.
Iimpawu zeSavannah
Zijongwa njengomanyano lwamahlathi kunye namadlelo, apho ummandla wale biomes ukwindawo ezomileyo ezinotshintsho kwintlenga kunye namahlathi. Zifanekisela izithuba ezintle nezinomtsalane emehlweni abantu, ekubeni umntu isoloko inguye oyoliswa kukuqwalasela ubuhle bazo obukhulu, nangona ezi ngokuqhelekileyo zahluka ngokwelizwe ezikuyo.
Iimpawu ze-ikhosistim ziya kuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, uhlobo lwezityalo, isethi yezilwanyana ezihlala kuloo ndawo kunye neqondo elahlukileyo lobushushu okanye ingqele eyigcinayo. Uninzi lwezi zaziwa njengamathafa engca ashushu, ngenxa yobushushu ababuvayo.
Ngokwamaxesha onyaka, kukho ukuhlelwa kwezi bhayom (ezinemibono emangalisayo), ngokwemvula yazo kunye nomhlaba ongaphakathi kuzo, sinokufumana oku kulandelayo:
- ezingezizo zonyaka: Iindawo ezinemvula eninzi, kodwa umhlaba ombi kakhulu kuba unesanti kakhulu.
- ngamaxesha onyaka: Ngokuhamba okugqwesileyo kwimihlaba yayo engqindilili kakhulu kwaye engagcini manzi.
- hyperseasonal: Imimandla enamanzi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ingqongwe yimilambo nge Umgangatho wodongwe kunye nokuhamba okucothayo, nangona kome kakhulu ngenxa yesixa esikhulu sodongwe abakuquletheyo.
Ubicación
Las amashiti zibekwe kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwetropikhi kwaye zishushu kakhulu, zinendawo eninzi, ebekwe kwindawo ezomileyo.
Ezona zibalulekileyo zibekwe kuwo wonke ummandla waseAfrika, ukongezelela kwezi sinokufumana ezinye ezishushu kakhulu kumazwe afana neIndiya, iOstreliya kunye noMzantsi Melika, enemimandla ebaluleke kakhulu ebekwe eColombia, eBrazil naseVenezuela.
Iindidi zaMashiti
Olu hlobo lwe-ecosystem luhlelwa ngokwendawo ekulo kwiplanethi, ngohlaza lwalo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezihlala kuyo, lunokwahlulwa ngokwemozulu kunye nommandla enawo. Iindidi zezi zilandelayo:
- I-savannah yeMeditera: Ezi zifumaneka kulo lonke i-hemisphere yomhlaba kwaye zineqondo lokushisa lonxweme kunye nemozulu engaphantsi kwentlango, umhlaba wabo awuvelisi zityalo ezininzi, enyanisweni kunqabile kakhulu, izilwanyana ezifumaneka kwezi ziindlovu, iindlulamthi, iingonyama, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi. .
- I-Intertropical Savannah: Olu hlobo lwe-savannahs lubekwe kwizandiso phakathi kweendawo ezitshisayo ezimbini, azifane zibonwe kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwazo, umzekelo oqhelekileyo wezo Ilizwekazi laseAfrika, eyaziwa ngokuba yiSerengeti eseTanzania. Ngentlenga engachumiyo neyome kakhulu, apho phantse unyaka wonke womile, imvula ine ngezihlandlo zonyaka kuphela.
- Iintaba zeSavannah: Ezi zibekwe kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu, kunye nemimandla ye-alpine kunye ne-subalpine, kumazwe ahlukeneyo, i-Afrika yenye yamazwe apho ahlala khona, kwiintaba zayo, ngenxa yoko kunetha imvula ixesha elininzi, inenani elikhulu leentaba. izilwanyana kunye nohlaza.
sezulu
Imekobume ishushu kakhulu unyaka wonke, phakathi kweempawu zayo sifumana ixesha lonyaka elinemvula kunye nokufuma okuphezulu, oko kukuthi, ihlobo, kunye nenye nembalela eninzi kwelinye icala lonyaka, elihambelana nobusika. .
- Ziindawo ezishushu, kodwa zinemijikelo eyomileyo kakhulu.
- Ngobushushu obuphakathi ngenyanga ye-17 Cº.
- Umyinge wokuna kwemvula ngonyaka wama-750 kunye ne-1300 mm.
- Ubuncinci iinyanga ezi-5 zonyaka zomile, kunye nomyinge ongaphantsi kwe-100 mm ngenyanga.
- Ngobushushu bembalela obudibana nexesha lonyaka elibanda kakhulu.
- Umlinganiselo wamaxesha emvula ayahluka nyaka ngamnye, oko kukuthi, awazingi minyaka le.
- Iminyaka enemvula eninzi, yandisa ukukhula kwezityalo ezikwaziyo ukwenza uphahla lwemithi egubungela yonke into kwaye izalise amadlelo ngobumnyama, xa imvula incinane ikhula imifuno ize ihlale kulo lonke imbalela.
i-savannah flora
Ngombulelo kwimozulu, kwiminyaka edlulileyo i-flora iye yaxhathisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuguquka kwemozulu ephantsi kwayo ixesha elide.
Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke kwi-savannah yenziwe ngeeprototypes ezahlukeneyo zemifuno, apho unokufumana khona ingca, i-Rhodes herbs, i-Bermuda herbs, i-lemongrass, phakathi kwabanye. Sinokufumana inani elikhulu lemithi esasazwa kwi-savannah enkulu, phakathi kwayo kukho i-jackalberry, i-acacia kunye ne-baobab.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQv7w9wTjSg
Sinokufumana izityalo ezineengcambu ezininzi, izandiso okanye iziqu, ezihlala zide kakhulu kwaye zinzulu kakhulu, ezivumela ukufikelela okungcono kwiiminerali kunye nezondlo ezivela kwi-sediment, siphinde sifumane imbewu enamandla kakhulu.
Kwelinye icala, eMpuma Afrika, amashiti ziphawuleka ngenxa yobuninzi bemithi yomnga abanayo kunye nengca eyaziwa ngokuba yindlovu, kuba ukukhula kwayo kunokufana nobukhulu beendlovu ezinokuphakama ukuya kwi-10 ukuphakama kwaye zikhula kwi-biomes efumaneka e-Afrika, ecaleni kwe entle Iilagunas nemilambo ekhoyo kuloo mmandla.
Kwithafa laseAfrika sinokufumana iindidi zemithi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Baobab, ukukhula kwayo kunokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-80 ukuphakama kwaye iphila iminyaka engamawaka njengemithi ye-eucalyptus, ebonakala kumadlelo ashushu kumazwe afana neOstreliya. .
Iintlobo zohlaza
Kule mimandla ingca eninzi yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeklasi zizalwa, umzekelo i-Aristidia, i-Astreba, i-Triodia, i-Achnopogon, kunye ne-Louditia, impawu ze-Australia. Izityalo ezikhula zide kakhulu, zinokufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini ukuphakama, zinenani elikhulu lembewu, yingakho zivelisa ngobuninzi.
- Izihlahla ezihlukeneyo azinayo i-flora ekhulayo yemifuno, ziye zahlakaza izihlahla kunye nemithi, kunye namasimi anamatyholo amaninzi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye azele ukucaca emahlathini awo.
- Kwiimpawu zayo sinokufumana amaqabunga abunile, ngenxa yembalela, iingcambu zayo zomelele kwaye zinzulu, amaqabunga awo makhulu.
- Kwiintlobo zayo sinokufumana, i-Acacias, i-Albizia, phakathi kwezinye.
Savannah Wildlife
Kuyamangalisa ukukwazi ukujonga izilwanyana ze-savannah yase-Afrika, zihlala ngokonwaba kuyo kuba inani elikhulu lemifuno kunye nemithi abanayo iyatyiwa kwizilwanyana kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zibonakaliswa ngokuba nosapho olubanzi kakhulu.
Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezihlala apho sinokufumana amaqwarhashe, iindlovu, iinqu, amabhadi, iindlulamthi, iinyathi, iinciniba kunye nezilwanyana ezizingelayo nazo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo izilwanyana ezihlala kwi-savannah zihamba njengemihlambi, njengokuba kukho iintaka ezininzi ezinamaphiko abanzi kwaye ziwasebenzisa ekuhambeni kwazo okude kunye nezilwanyana ezininzi ezinemilenze emide kakhulu neyomeleleyo, njengeendlovu.
Inani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezizingelayo zinokufunyanwa zizulazula kwii-savannahs ezinjengeengonyama, iingwenkala, amahlosi, iingcuka, iimamba ezimnyama kunye nezinja zasendle.
Zonke izilwanyana ezitya utyani zihlala zifumana indlela yokuphepha ukudibana nezi zilwanyana ziqwengayo, zikuphepha ukuba sisidlo sazo esilandelayo, umzekelo; Inciniba nebhadi zisebenzisa isantya esikhawulezayo ukubaleka ngokukhawuleza ezi zilwanyana.
Kwimeko yendlulamthi, isebenzisa ubude bayo ukuze izibonele kude ize ngaloo ndlela ikwazi ukusaba, kwelinye icala, iindlovu zisebenzisa amandla azo amakhulu nobukhulu bazo obukhulu ukuze zizigxothe, konke oko ukuze ziphephe ukudibana nazo ezingafunwayo. .
Ngokufanayo, izilwanyana ezixhatshazayo ezihlala kwi-savannah zineendlela zazo zokusinda kuyo, umzekelo; Ingwenkala sesona silwanyana sinamendu emhlabeni, ibaleka ukuya kutsho kuma-70 eemayile ngeyure kwaye xa ifuna ukuzingela ukutya kwayo ilwa ngobuchule obukhulu de yenze oko.
Iingonyama kunye neengcuka zidla ngokuphuma ziye kuzingela ukutya kwazo ngokwamaqela okanye imihlambi, zilinda ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuphumelela ekuhlaseleni amaxhoba azo.
Inyaniso enomdla kakhulu malunga nokuba kutheni izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo ze-herbivorous zihlala kwi-savannah, oku kungenxa yokuba zidla naluphi na uhlobo lwengca olufumaneka kuzo, ngale ndlela zilawula ukutya kwaye zikwazi ukuphila iminyaka emininzi kwaye zivelise kwakhona, umzekelo; Kwisavannah yaseOstreliya kuhlala isilwanyana esaziwa ngokuba yikoala, esitya amasebe eeucalyptus size sikhwele emithini ngeenzipho zaso ezinkulu.
Kwizilwanyana ezidla inyama siyabona ukuba amandla azo kunye nobukhulu bazo obukhulu bubanceda bahlale bephila kwaye besempilweni kule ecosystem, umzekelo woku yingonyama. Ukuqukumbela, kunokuthiwa kukho uhlobo lwemvisiswano phakathi kwamarhamncwa kunye nezilwanyana ezitya utyani ezihlala apho.
Imihlaba ye-savannah, ngokweembono zeengcali kulo mbandela, iqinisekisa ukuba i-savannahs yenye yezona mbono zihle kakhulu kwaye zikhangeleke kwiplanethi yoMhlaba, zifanelekile ukucinga ngobuhle bazo kwaye unokufumana kuzo. iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo, kunye nethafa elihle nelihle.
