UBukhosi baseRoma yireferensi ecacileyo kwimbali yendalo yonke, ukuba sisixeko IRoma yaseTarraco ingongoma ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ixutyushwe. Imele esona sixeko sibalulekileyo ngaphakathi Hispania Citerior okanye Tarraconensis. Fumana yonke imvelaphi yakhe ngoncedo lwesi sithuba.
IRoma yaseTarraco, i-prehistory kunye neMfazwe yesiBini yePunic
Isixeko saseRoma iTarraco sasimiwe ngabantu baseIberia ababephila ngaphambi kwexesha lamaRoma, iqela elaligcina ulwalamano oluhle lwezorhwebo noluntu lwamaGrike. Kamva, amaFenike azinza kuloo ndawo ukuze azise impatho entle eyayiza kunceda wonke umntu. Emva koko, ubumi base-Iberia basekwa kwi-Ebro Valley.
Kumasipala waseTarragona kukho ubungqina babemi abafunyenwe kwi-XNUMX yenkulungwane ye-BC Njengoko unokucinga, uphando lokufumanisa imvelaphi yabahlali balo bokuqala luyinkimbinkimbi. UTito Livio ukhankanya ubukho beCissis, iqela okanye inqaba encinane eyayilungiselela iintlanganiso zabemi. Luhlobo lwendawo apho ngamnye wabo waziva ekhuselekile kuhlaselo ngabahlali abangabamelwane. I-Polibio ijoyina le ngcamango, kodwa ngegama likaKissa.
IMfazwe yesiBini yePunic yaqala ngokufika kwezopolitiko ezinkulu uGnaeus Cornelio Escipión Calvo e-Emporiae ngo-218 BC Kuvela kule ngqungquthela yembali apho iRomana de Tarraco ibonakala okokuqala kuzo zonke iincwadi ezichaza imbali yamaRoma. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i uyilo lwaseYiputa ingaphezulu nje kufundo lwakho. Ngaba uyakuvuyela ukudibana naye?
UTito Livio uqhubeka nebali lakhe ngokuchaza ukuba umkhosi wamaRoma wawuyinqobile yonke impahla yePunic eyalelwe nguHannibal, ukuya kwinqanaba lokufikelela kwiCissis. Nangona kunjalo, le dyokhwe ayizange ihlale ixesha elide, kuba amaRoma ahlaselwa kwiindawo ezikufutshane eRomana de Tarraco. Ngoku, enye engaziwayo engazange ihlolwe kukuba ingaba iCissis kunye neTarraco zisixeko esinye okanye ziphantsi kweejografi ezahlukeneyo.
Kamva, kwafunyanwa ingqekembe e-Ampurias enombhalo othi ubukho base-Iberia njengenxalenye yoqoqosho lwase-Roman Tarraco. Indawo yokuhlanganisana ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ayikaziwa kwaphela, kodwa izinto ezisetyenziswayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziyisilivere. Le ngqekembe yabhalwa ngo-250 BC okanye kancinci ngaphambili. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, le mali sisibakala esingazange sabonwa ngaphambili sokuba amaRoma ayengekayoyisi le mimandla.
Ngomnyaka we-217 BC, u-Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus omkhulu wafika eTarraco okokuqala. I-La Romana de Tarraco yindawo efanelekileyo yokukhusela kwiindawo ezingathandekiyo zasebusika. El Africano wenza into efanayo kunye nezizwe eziphambili Hispania. UTito Livio uchaza ukuba ezi zizwe zazingamaqabane angcono kakhulu ezopolitiko kunye namaRoma okanye abalobi baseTarraco. Unokufunda nangeyona miba ibalulekileyo ye Izakhiwo zaseRoma ukufunda ngakumbi.
Imbali yeTarragona isoloko idibaniswa namandla ezopolitiko asetyenziswa yiScipios, ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya kokugqibela. UPliny oMdala uchaza ukuba i-raison d'être yeTarragona kunye neCártago ngokuchanekileyo zonke izenzo zala manani aphezulu ezopolitiko kuluntu ngalunye.
Ngexesha leRiphabhlikhi yaseRoma
Kanye njengokuba esinye seziqendu ezidlulileyo sichaza, iRomana de Tarraco yayiyindawo yokukhusela abemi ebusika. Imfazwe kunye namaCeltiberian amele esinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuguqula iTarraco ibe yinqaba yokukhusela. Enkosi kwesi siqendu, ibali lichaza inyani yasemkhosini yommandla.
Ngonyaka we-197 BC, emva kokoyisa kwamaRoma, kwakukho imimandla emibini eyenziwe yile mimandla iphononongwayo: Hispania Citerior kunye ne-Ulterior. Ngamnye wabo wawumda wamanxweme aseSpeyin. Ikomkhulu lesixeko sokuqala yiCartago de Nova. Strabo akazange acinge ngendlela efanayo, esithi Tarraco kwakhona isixeko ebalulekileyo Hispania Citerior.
Ukuthetha ngomthetho okanye imicimbi yezomthetho yeRomana de Tarraco kunzima kakhulu, kuba akukho bungqina obucacileyo bendlela uCissis noTarraco abaye benza ngayo njengento enye. Into yokwenene eye yaqinisekiswa ngababhali-mbali ngumsebenzi wendlu yoonongendi (okanye intlanganiso yabemi baseRoma). Kulwimi lwesiLatini ithathwa ngokuba yiconventus civium Romanorum.
Ngeli xesha, amagunya aphakamileyo ale mimandla azijonga njenge "magistri" njengakwimeko yeCayo enkulu yasePorcio Catón, enye yee-consuls ezidumileyo ezazibambe isikhundla ngo-114 BC Wayegxothiwe ngaphambili, ekhetha iRomana de Tarraco njengendawo sinda . Oku kwenza kucace ukuba loo ntsimi yayikhululekile.
Iimfazwe azizange zime kufuphi neTarraco, xa uJulius Caesar wayalela ukuba kuhlaselwe ngamandla bonke abaxhasi bakaGnaeus Pompey Omkhulu. Uluntu lwaxhasa amagorha ngokutya okanye ngenkxaso ngelixa umoya wokulwa uhleli. Ngezi ziganeko, iTarraco yafumana igama lekholoni, ibona ingxaki enkulu xa iqulunqa eli gama, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba uKesare wayenza ngelo xesha okanye uAgasto.
Ixesha likaKesare Agasto
Umlawuli waseRoma uAgasto waba nenxaxheba enkulu kumaphulo aseCantabria ukujonga intshukumo yotshaba esuka kuHispania. Noko ke, njengoko impilo yakhe yayisiba mandundu, wakhetha ukuhlala eTarraco de wachacha ngokupheleleyo.
Phakathi kwezona nkalo zibalaseleyo kwimbali yamaRoma yaseTarraco kukwakhiwa kwesibingelelo kumbindi wesixeko. Njengoko uAgasto wahlala enempilo enkenenkene ixesha elide, isityalo (esifana nesundu) sakhula phakathi kweziseko ezingundoqo, okwenza kucace ukuba esi sibingelelo asizange sisetyenziswe ngokungqongqo ngabantu.
Esinye isiganeko esibalulekileyo ngexesha lolawulo luka-Augustus yintlangano yamaphondo aseSpeyin. Umzekelo wabo kukusasazwa kwemihlaba yase Hispania Ulterior kuluntu lwaseBética naseLusitania. Ukusuka kulo mzekelo xa iTarraco iba yinxalenye yekomkhulu e-Hispania Citerior.
UPomponio Mela uchaza iTarraco njengenye yezixeko ezinekamva elikhulu kuyo yonke i-Hispania, enobutyebi obungacingekiyo. UAgasto noTibheriyo baseka eyabo inkqubo yemali, ngokubonakala kwemisitho eyahlukahlukeneyo yonqulo njengenxalenye yelifa elifunyenwe kuloo mmandla.
Emva kokulwa iminyaka emininzi nesigulo sakhe, uAgasto uyafa ngenkulungwane ye-14 AD, apho abantu bakhe bangamfanelanga. Ngenxa yayo yonke into abayenzayo ngexesha logunyaziso lwabo, bayalela ukuba kwakhiwe itempile yonqulo lwabo.
Isixeko ngexesha loBukhosi obuPhezulu
Abalawuli abatsha bathathe uxanduva lokuthatha iivenkile eRomana de Tarraco, njengakwimeko yaseGaiba. Ngenani elipheleleyo leminyaka eyi-8 yolawulo, wakwazi ukubuyisela umsantsa obalulekileyo oye waba nguqoqosho lwendawo.
Ngoncedo lukaVespasiano, olu hlaziyo lwenziwa ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokunika ubumi base-Hispania kuzo zonke iindwendwe zaseLatin ezazifuna ukuhlala kuloo dolophu. Izixeko ezikufuphi ezidibana neSpeyin zafumana loo mpembelelo yasezidolophini yamaziko amakhulu okukhusela abantu abaninzi. Ethubeni ezi zahlulo zomhlaba zalandela ngokufanelekileyo ukwahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ziindawo ezinkulu zasezidolophini.
Njengoko iindawo zasezidolophini zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, ingqokelela yokubuyisela uqoqosho lwaseTarraco yafika ngexesha elincinane elilindelekileyo. Esi siganeko sinika isizathu kumazwi kaPomponius Mela ngokuqinisekisa ukuba esi sixeko saseRoma sesona sityebileyo kweli xesha lorhulumente phakathi kweGaiba neVespasian. Ngoqoqosho oluphumelelayo bakwazi ukugqiba umsebenzi wokwakha we-amphitheatre kunye neforamu yephondo.
UTrajan wathatha indima yomlawuli oza kungena ezihlangwini zeTarraco. Ummiselo wokuqala wawuquka ukumisela uLucio Licinio Sura njengomphathi omtsha woluntu. Ukuvela eTarraconensis, wakwazi ukuphakamisa isikhundla esihle kwiLizwe lakhe ngezenzo ezilungileyo kubo bonke abemi. Xa uHadrian etyelela eli lizwe ebusika, ubamba ikhaya loonongendi ukuze aphinde akhe itempile ezukisa uAgasto.
Ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX ezo ziporho zemali uTarraco wayecinga ukuba woyisile zabuya. Ngokwenene, loo mali yachithwa ngenxa yokungaphathwa kakuhle, kwanokwakhiwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo embalwa ngeenjongo zokuhombisa esixekweni. UClodio Albino wayefuna ukulwa norhulumente welo xesha, ewoyisa ngokulula, njengoko wayengenabo ubutyebi obuyimfuneko bokulwa nalo mlo.
Yonke imibhalo ebhaliweyo enxulumene neBhunga le-Providential iqala ukunyamalala ukwenza indawo yommandla ongqongqo womkhosi. Iintengiso ezizimeleyo zanyamalala eTarraco, zishiya uqoqosho lwengingqi ngakumbi, nangona kunjalo, abanini-mhlaba bathatha ulawulo lwemali, njengamagosa aphezulu alo mmandla.
Intshutshiso yamaKristu ayizange ilinde ixesha elide. UBhishophu uFructuoso kunye namahlakani akhe uAugurio noElogio babulawa kwibala lemidlalo laseTarraco, njengomqondiso wamandla amakhulu asetyenziswa buBukhosi baseRoma. Ukuthetha ngesi sihloko, kukho iintsomi zamaRoma umdla kakhulu ukufumanisa. Ngaba uyazazi ukuba zeziphi izidalwa zayo eziphambili?
phantsi kobukumkani
Iziqendu ezininzi zenzeka emva kokubulawa kwabantu okwasekwa kwicawe yaseRoma yaseTarraco, ngakumbi kwindawo yayo yemidlalo yeqonga. Ngelixa likarhulumente elalisetyenziswa nguDiocletian, waphinda wahlulahlula ikomkhulu laba zii-dioceses ezintandathu, ngomhlaba omncinci kunesiqhelo. Zonke izakhiwo ezadilizwa ngamaFranks zaphinda zakhiwa kulawulo lwazo.
Ngonyaka wama-476, uBukhosi baseRoma baba nentlekele yokuwa apho abazange baphinde baphile, nto leyo eyavumela amaVisigoth ukuba achithe ubusuku eTarraco kunye noKumkani uEuric. Ngeli xesha lethutyana, akukho bungqina bubambekayo malunga nolunye ukutshatyalaliswa kwekomkhulu, okwenza kucace ukuba lo kumkani ujonge ezolile ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe e-Hispania.
Inyaniso ebalulekileyo yingcambu yabemi abaninzi baseVisigothic abakudidi oluphezulu. Ngokufumana amangcwaba angamaKristu, kubonisa imbali ukuba bakwindlela elungileyo yokubonisa uluntu oluphezulu ngeli xesha. Noko ke, ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kwaqhubeka kangangokuba abemi abaninzi balapho banyanzeleka ukuba bahambe baye kwezinye izixeko.
Phakathi kweminyaka eyi-713 kunye ne-714, uhlaselo lwamaSilamsi kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia lwenzeka, luvumela ukufikelela koluntu lwama-Arab-Muslim eTarraco, ukuba lulungele imihlaba yabo. Akukho nto ibonakalayo ebonisa indlela abafike ngayo apho, okanye neenjongo ababenazo. Izibakala ziyazithethela, zishiya iTarraco ingamabhodlo.
UBhishophu uProspero, ophethe imicimbi yezenkolo eTarraco, wanyanzelisa ukuba abaleke e-Italiya ngaphambi kokuba abe lixhoba lala maqela oyisileyo. Ngale ndlela yokubaleka, akukho thuba lenkokeli ekhuselayo kwizinto ezinomdla zeRomana de Tarraco.
Isethi yezinto zakudala
Yenye yeembonakalo ezinkulu zakudala eziyinxalenye ye-Hispania yaseRoma, okanye iyasilela, yeendawo ezivalelekileyo ezigcinwe yiSpain ngaphakathi kwakudala. Ngo-2000 yayithathwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yiUNESCO. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isixeko saseRoma iTarraco siyindawo entle yokuhlala ebekwe kuSingasiqithi we-Iberia, apho baye bakha iindawo ezininzi zoonongendi ukuze bazikhusele ebusika nokukhusela izilangazelelo zabo.
Ngomhla kunokwenzeka ukwahlula uluhlu lwamanxuwa aseRoma eTarragona njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimbali yayo. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iindonga zisame kufutshane nendawo awayehlala kuyo uPilato kwitempile yakhe enkulu. Ngokufanayo, intolongo ebisele ihleli ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayiyitempile yamandulo yokuhlonela uAgasto.
Nangona iTarraco yehlelwa yintshabalalo kaninzi kwixesha ngalinye, okwangoku ihlala ziintsapho ezininzi. Ngombulelo kwiitempile ezidiliziweyo, kunye neenqaba zamandulo, banikela njengesixhobo sokwakha amakhaya abo. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-amphitheatre ngoku isebenza njengekwari, ngenjongo yokukhupha amatye emizi-mveliso okanye ukuthanda imisebenzi yezemigodi.
Omnye umtsalane ulele kumatye athe saa kuyo yonke iTarraco, njengoko kuvela imibhalo ethile ebhalwe ngesiLatini okanye ngesiFenike. Izahlulo ezisindisiweyo ziye zasebenza ukucacisa amathandabuzo amaninzi malunga nembali yeli komkhulu e-Hispania Citerior.
Ukuthetha ngezinye iziseko eziye zahlala zimile, lixesha lokukhankanya i-aqueduct yaseTarraco, eyi-217 yeemitha ubude, ngaphezu kweTorre de los Escipiones. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba abalawuli abaninzi ababephila kwiminyaka yokuqala kwisixeko saseRoma bangcwatyelwa apho.
Iikhrayitheriya
I-UNESCO ayizange iyalele ukuba ibandakanye isixeko saseRoma saseTarraco kuluhlu lwayo njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli ngamabona-ndenzile, kuba ngokwenza oko, babekhokelwa ziindlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo zokukhankanya:
- Iintsalela zaseRoma zaseTarraco yindawo ekubhekiselwa kuyo ekucebiseni iimbono zokuqala zedolophu yaseSpain. Ekugqibeleni, yasebenza njengomzekelo wokukhulisa amanye amaphondo kwihlabathi jikelele.
- I-Tarraco yindawo ekubhekiselwa kuyo ekuchazeni ngokweenkcukacha indlela imbali eyenzeka ngayo kuyo yonke imimandla emelene neMeditera.
iindawo ezikhuselweyo
Apha ngezantsi kuphononongwa ngokufutshane kwezinye iindawo ezikhuselwe nguRhulumente, kanye njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuqonda ukubaluleka kwesixeko saseRoma saseTarraco.
Iindonga zeTarragona
Lucingo olubalulekileyo olujikeleze yonke idolophu ephakathi yaseTarragona, ngexesha elifanayo lihlala eCatalonia, eSpain. Ithathwa njengenye yezona zakhiwo zibalulekileyo eTarraco, kuba yaqala ngodonga nje lweplanga de yaba ludonga olukhulu.
Abaphandi abazange bafikelele kwisivumelwano ukuba iMfazwe yesiBini yePunic yimeko efanelekileyo yokuqulunqa ukuzalwa kolu donga. Into ekungathandabuzekiyo ngayo yinkulungwane yayo (III BC) ukwakhiwa kwayo.
Xa uhlaselo lwamaSilamsi lwalukho, iTarraco yaqala ukuphulukana nabemi ngokukhawuleza, ukuze ingabi nakubandezeleka kwimiphumo yoloyiso olutsha. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwakusemnyango, kwahlala kunjalo de kwaba ngumyalelo kaRamón Berenguer IV, owayalela ukuba kwakhiwe ngokutsha ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini. Ekuhambeni kwexesha kwafika uhlengahlengiso kwinqanaba leNapoleon.
indawo ebiyelweyo yenkolo
Ithathwa njengeQonga lePhondo laseTarraco, sisibonelelo esikhulu esiphuhliselwe iinjongo ezahlukeneyo: ezolawulo, ezenkcubeko nezenkolo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, esinye sezona zakhiwo zibalulekileyo Hispania Citerior. UVespasian wakrola ilitye lokuqala kunye nabalawulwa bakhe baseRoma ngo-73 BC ukwenza indawo yokuhlala eguquguqukayo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihlale kwiindawo ezininzi kwisixeko saseRoma.
Isekisi yaseRoma yaseTarraco
Yenye indawo esisiseko kwimbali yesi sixeko, ngoku ikwiphondo laseTarragona eSpain. Injongo yayo yokuqala yayikukuqonda convents eziliqela zonyaka ukuthetha malunga neenkcukacha ezixhalabisayo Hispania Citerior.
Ngenkulungwane yokuqala, ukwakhiwa kwayo kwagqitywa, ukuze kunyuswe ukhetho lokulungiselela imidyarho yamahashe nezinye iziganeko zokuzonwabisa kuluntu. Isekisi yasebenza ngale ndlela de kwayinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, xa kwabakho imfuneko yokwandisa amagumbi ayo okuhlala ukuze yenze indawo yokuhlala entsha, ngenxa yemimandla eyahlulahlulwe yase-Hispania (eyinciphise kakhulu ijografi yayo). Ngamafutshane, ukuthandabuza koBukhosi baseRoma kwaguqula ukusetyenziswa kwesi sithuba.
Eyona nto ibalaseleyo ngale sekisi yaseRoma bubuhle bayo bokwakha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, urhulumente wasebenzisa ithuba lokwandisa ezi ndawo kwikomkhulu laseTarragona. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwahluka, ngenjongo yokubuyisela eyona njongo yayo iphambili ngogqatso lweenqwelo zokulwa (umkhweli otsala inqwelo enamahashe amane), imiboniso yemidlalo yeqonga kunye neendlela ezihambelana nesekisi eqhelekileyo. Akukho mathandabuzo okuba iphinda idale indawo entle efuna ulonwabo, ukuphumla kunye nokubaleka kwindawo yokuthuthuzela.
Ithiyetha yaseRoma okanye iforum yobukoloniyali
Ukuba umkhenkethi ubuza malunga nokutyunjwa, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba yindawo efanayo. Ithathwa yiUNESCO njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi. Ithiyetha yakhiwa ngexesha lika-Agasto ngenkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC ukuze kuphakanyiswe amatye ezikhumbuzo amaninzi eTarraco ukutsala ingqalelo yeedolophu ezingabamelwane.
Ukuza kuthi ga kwinkulungwane elandelayo yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yemidlalo yeqonga, kuba eso sakhiwo sasilungiselelwe eminye imisebenzi ngokomdla karhulumente. Umlilo owaqhambuka ngenkulungwane yesithathu waba yindawo yokuqhawuka kweli holo lemidlalo yeqonga, nto leyo esebenza njengesixhobo sokuxhasa abemi abaphulukene nayo yonke into ukuze baphinde bakhe izindlu zabo ngoncedo lwaloo ntshabalalo.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, iqulunqwe njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi, imeko yokulahlwa apho ithiyetha ifunyenwe yinyani. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetwa kwembono kube negalelo ekujongeni indawo ekumgama othile njengomtsalane omtsha, ngelixa besebenza ekubuyiseleni imeko yayo.
Ulwakhiwo olutsha lwale thiyetha lwalubandakanya ukuthabatha ithuba lokuthambeka kweqonga lemidlalo yeqonga elidala ukubuyisela imigangatho.
Ukuba abakhenkethi batyelela le theatre yamandulo yaseRoma, baya kuqaphela ubukho kwiindawo ezi-5 kuphela. Ngelishwa ezinye zazo zikwimo yokuwohloka okuqhubekayo. Inqaku elincomekayo kukufunyanwa kweempembelelo zezakhiwo zakudala kwiinkunzi, iikholamu kunye neefriezes.
Indawo yemidlalo yeqonga
Ukuba imalunga nezinye iindawo ezikhuselweyo, i amphitheatre yenye ekhunjulwa kakhulu Hispania Citerior. Yakhiwe kufuphi nolwandle, esi sikhumbuzo sasiquka ukubhiyozela amasiko omngcwabo okanye ukuqhuba ukungcwatywa kwabantu ababalaseleyo ngexesha lembali yaseTarraco.
UJanuwari wonyaka wama-259 waba yintlekele ngokwaneleyo ukuba ngummi wamaKristu, ebandakanyeke kwiintshutshiso ezahlukahlukeneyo ezabuphelisa ubomi bawo. UBhishophu uFructuoso kunye nabancedisi bakhe babulawa kwibala lemidlalo njengenye imiqondiso yelishwa kubakhuseli abangamaKristu.
Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kuncinci okwasalayo kwimisebenzi ephambili apho le ndawo yakhiwa ngayo, kanye njengoko kwenzekile kwithiyetha yaseRoma echazwe ngaphambili.
Ngoloyiso lobuKristu emva komzabalazo ongadinwayo, kwaphalala igazi elininzi, kwazalwa icawa ebalulekileyo yamaKristu kuloo ndawo yemidlalo yeqonga ukuze kuzukiswe iimfundiso ezisisiseko ezafundwa ukususela ekufikeni kukaYesu Kristu.
Apho, ukufela ukholo kwabalinganiswa abathathu ababalaseleyo baseTarraco kwenzeka, kunye noloyiso lweCawa eNgcwele phezu kwamarhamncwa ayo.
Uhlaselo lwamaSilamsi lwaluthetha ukulibaziseka kuwo wonke umhlaba ofunyenwe yi-basilica, kuba bejongene nesongelo esitsha sokunqotshwa, bashiya le ndawo kude kube ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Inomsebenzi ofanayo nesekisi yaseRoma, kunye nengxabano phakathi kwe-gladiators, i-gladiators vs izilwanyana zasendle, imiboniso yokuzingela okanye imicimbi yezemidlalo efana ne-Olimpiki.
Isicwangciso sokwakha i-amphitheatre ngaselwandle sithetha ukuhla kwabakhenkethi abazimisele ukonwabela imikhosi emikhulu yenkolo okanye ukuzonwabisa.
Ilitye elikwithambeka livumele iqonga le-amphitheatre ukuba lahlulwe ukuvelisa imisitho emibini ngaxeshanye. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, indawo ekhuselekileyo ekhuselekileyo eRomana de Tarraco.